UNIVERSITY 
AT  LOS 

OF  CALIFORNIA 
ANGELES 

!i 


*   of 

LOS  ANGELES 
LIBRARY 


HISTORIC  SOUTHERN  MONUMENTS 


REPRESENTATIVE  MEMORIALS 
OF  THE  HEROIC  DEAD  OF  THE 
SOUTHERN  CONFEDERACY 


COMPILED  BY 

MRS.  B.  A.  C.  EMERSON 


NEW   YORK   AND   WASHINGTON 

THE  NEALE  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 
1911 


146007 


COPYRIGHT,  1911,  BY 
NEALE   PUBLISHING   COMPANY 


E 


PREFACE 

This  volume,  devoted  to  the  history  of  the  monuments 
erected  to  the  heroes  of  the  Confederacy,  is  not  at  all  ex- 
haustive— perhaps  not  even  representative.  The  labor 
attending  the  collection  and  classification  of  the  data  has 
been  colossal, — and  in  some  instances  disappointing, — yet 
the  material  of  this  book  represents  but  a  fraction  of  the 
matter  obtained.  Still,  unfortunately,  many  of  my  cor- 
respondents seemed  to  fail  to  grasp  that  for  which  I 
sought,  and  sent  me  no  details  of  value,  and  often  accom- 
panied by  no  better  representation  of  their  monument  than 
picture  postals,  which,  not  being  available  for  photo-en- 
graving, were  therefore  useless.  This  statement  will 
serve  to  explain  to  some  of  my  friends  why  their  city  or 
monument  is  not  represented  in  this  work. 

Since  the  wealth  of  material  furnished  would  make  a 
most  ponderable  volume  if  all  were  used,  I  have  been 
forced  to  limit  the  number  of  monuments  representative 
of  each  city  and  State  in  order  to  cover  as  wide  a  field 
as  possible. 

For  the  description  of  many  of  the  monuments  and  for 
a  large  part  of  the  literary  matter  in  this  volume  I  am 
indebted  to  the  Confederate  Veteran,  the  great  historical 
magazine  published  by  Colonel  S.  A.  Cunningham  at 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  now  in  its  eighteenth  year.  The  editor 
generously  gave  me  permission  to  make  free  use  of  its 
pages.  But  for  that  great  storehouse  of  Southern  his- 
tory this  book  w,ould  not  have  been  thought  of  and  would 
have  been  impossible. 

To  the  many  friends  who  have  sent  photographs  and 
data  of  monuments  from  various  parts  of  the  South  I 


PREFACE 


extend  thanks.      The  reader  will  find  their  names  signed 
to  the  descriptions  of  the  monuments. 

The  compiling  of  this  book  has  been  to  me  a  labor  of 
love  and  the  two  years  given  to  it  a  season  of  joy. 

Greetings  to  all  who  wore  the  Gray  and  to  all  who  love 
the  wearers  of  the  Gray. 

(Mrs.)  B.  A.  C.  EMERSON. 


CONTENTS 

%*Cities  are  in  alphabetical  sequence  in  alphabetically  arranged  States. 

PAGE 

ALABAMA 

THE  SOUTH  :  ITS  RUINS   (Father  Ryan)      . 15 

ATHENS    (with   illustration) 16 

1861    (Dr.    Moody) 18 

THE   PRIVATES    (Dr.   Boiling)        18 

CAMDEN   (with  illustration) 20 

THE    REBEL    YELL .  „  .  22 

IN  MEMORIAM   (Sallie  Jones)        23 

FLORENCE    (with   illustration)         24 

1865  (Dr.  Moody) 27 

JASPER    (with   illustration) 28 

RAPHAEL  SEMMES 31 

MOBILE 32 

CONQUERED    BANNERS     (Selected) 33 

To  THE  SPIRITS  OF  THE  CONFEDERATE  DEAD  (Poem)        •      •      •  33 

MONTGOMERY    (with   illustration)         34 

TUSCALOOSA    (with  illustration) 36 

SENTINEL  SONGS    (Abram  J.  Ryan)        39 

ARKANSAS 

DAVID  OWEN  DODD 43 

AUSTIN    (with  illustration)        46 

BENTONVILLE    (with   illustration)         48 

CAMDEN   (with  illustration)       50 

EL  DORADO  (with  illustration)        53 

FORT   SMITH    (with  illustration) 56 

LITTLE  ROCK    (with   illustration)         59 

VAN  BUREN   (with  illustration) 62 

•  FLORIDA 

SEVENTY-SIX  AND  SIXTY-ONE   (John  W .   Overall)        ....  69 

JACKSONVILLE    (with  illustration)        71 

ST.  AUGUSTINE   (with  illustration) 73 

GEORGIA 

ATHENS    (ifith    illustrations)          77 

A  TATTERED  REMNANT         81 

ATLANTA    (with   illustration) 82 

AUGUSTA    (with   illustration) 84 

COVINGTON    (with  illustration)        87 

GEORGIA  MONUMENT  AT  CHICKAMAUGA     (with  illustration)     .  88 

CARNES'S  BATTERY  AT  CHICKAMAUGA  (with  illustration)      .      .  90 

"REBELS"    (A.   Dunovant)        92 

CRAWFORDSVILLE — STEPHENS   MONUMENT    (with  illustration)    .  94 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

MEMORIAL   DAY .     .  97 

HAWKINSVILLE    (with    illustration) 98 

NUNNALLY    (CAPTAIN    M.   T.)    MONUMENT,   Monroe,   Walton 

County  (with  illustration) 100 

LUMPKIN    (with   illustration)               .     .- 102 

MARIETTA    (vAth   illustration)         .     .     .     . 104 

NEWNAN    (with    illustration) 109 

ROME    (with    illustration)         . in 

N.  B.  FORREST  MONUMENT  (with  illustration)       .     .     .  116 

SAVANNAH    (with  illustration)        .     .     .'.'.'.     .     .     .-     .  119 

WEST  POINT    (with  illustration)                   .  '   ',                  ,     .      .  123 

KENTUCKY 

KENTUCKY'S  CAVALIER  (Nellie  Stedman  Cox)       .     .     .'-    .     .  129 

AUGUSTA    (with  illustration) '.••'.'.  130 

BARDSTOWN   (with  illustration) .     .     .  132 

BOWLING  GREEN    (with  illustration') .     .  134 

CYNTHIANA    (with  illustration)      .     .     . 135 

HARRODSBURG    (with  illustration)        .     .     .     .     .     .     ..'•  .      .  138 

LEXINGTON    (with  illustration)        .     .     .     .     .     .     .    ' .      .      .  140 

OWENSBORO   (with  illustration)       .  .    .     :.     .,..-.     .     .      .  142 

KENTUCKY   CONFEDERATE  HOME 143 

OWINGSVILLE    (with   illustration)         .     .     . 144 

PEWEE  VALLEY   (with  illustration) 146 

KENTUCKY  MONUMENT  AT  CHICKAMAUGA  (illustration)       .     .  149 

LOUISIANA 

NEW  ORLEANS— LEE  MONUMENT .  153 

SHREVEPORT  (with  illustration)       ...........  157 

TANGIPAHOA    (with   illustration)         ....     .  ~ '..     .     •     .  160 

THE  CONFEDERATE  NOTE  (5".  A.  Jonas)        .     .     .     ,     .     .     .  162 

MARYLAND 

MARYLAND  !    MY   MARYLAND  !         .     .     .     ^ "....-.  165 

BALTIMORE         •  ^7 

— LOUDON  PARK  CEMETERY .  171 

MARYLAND  MONUMENT  AT  GETTYSBURG    (with  illustration)      .  173 

WOODSIDE    (with    illustration) •  174 

CONFEDERATES  WERE  CLOSE  TO  WASHINGTON   ......  175 

MISSISSIPPI 

ABERDEEN       .           •     •  J79 

DECORATION  DAY  IN  THE  SOUTH .  180 

COLUMBUS  (with  illustrations) 182 

THE  CONFEDERATE  DEAD  (A.  J.  Beresford  Hope,  M.  P.)           .  184 

HOLLY  SPRINGS — WALTHALL  MONUMENT  (with  illustration)     .  186 

CONFEDERATE   MONUMENT    (with  illustration)        * '  .     .  188 

JEFFERSON  DAVIS   (Kate  Langley  Bosher)        191 

JACKSON — JEFFERSON  DAVIS  MONUMENT  (with  illustration)      .  *92 

OKOLONA    (with   illustration) T94 

OXFORD •  J97 

RAYMOND    (with   illustration) 

VICKSBURG — CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT          ^04 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

STEPHEN  D.  LEE  (Gen.  Clement  A.  Evans) 206 

VICKSBURG — STEPHEN  D.  LEE  MONUMENT  (with  illustration)   .  207 

MISSISSIPPI    EXPERIENCES 209 

WEST  POINT  MONUMENT 210 

MISSOURI 

ROOSEVELT'S  TRIBUTE  TO  THE  SOUTH 215 

FREDERICKTOWN    (with    illustration)         216 

LEXINGTON    (with  illustration)        218 

LIBERTY   (with  illustration)        221 

SOUTHRONS  REMEMBERED   (Fred  G.  Hollman) 222 

NEOSHO   (ivith  illustration)        224 

You  HAVE  SEEN  THAT  MAN        ,.      .     .     .  226 

PALMYRA    (with   illustration)         227 

SPRINGFIELD    (with   illustration) 231 

NORTH  CAROLINA 

NORTH    CAROLINA        237 

ASHEVILLE — ZEB.  B.  VANCE  MONUMENT   (until  illustration)      .  238 

ZEBULON    BAIRD   VANCE        239 

FAYETTEVILLE   (with  illustrations)        241 

PITTSBORO    (with  illustration)         246 

RALEIGH    (with  illustration) 248 

WAYNESBORO    (ivith   illustration)         250 

WINDSOR    (with    illustration)         251 

"  THE    CONFEDERATES  " 253 

SOUTH  CAROLINA 

ANDERSON    (zvith   illustration)         257 

CHARLESTON    (with   illustration)          261 

CHESTER    (with  illustration) 263 

COLUMBIA    (with   illustration)         266 

— WADE  HAMPTON  MONUMENT  (with  illustration)        .     .  269 

JONESVILLE   (with  illustration)        274 

TRIBUTE  TO  GENERAL  LEE  (Stiles) 275 

LANCASTER   (with  illustration)        275 

NEWBERRY — CROZIER  MONUMENT   (with  illustration')        .     .     .  279 

• (with   illustration) 284 

TENNESSEE 

CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK   .  289 

BOLIVAR   (u<ith  illustration) 292 

CLARKSVILLE    (with   illustration)         296 

DYERSBURG    (with  illustration) 298 

THE  SOUTH — AND  THE  NORTH 300 

FAYETTEVILLE    (with  illustration)        301 

FRANKLIN    (with  illustration)        305 

LEBANON    (with  illustration) 309 

LEWISBURG   (with  illustration) .  312 

MEMPHIS — FORREST  EQUESTRIAN  STATUE  (with  illustration)      .  313 

GENERAL  NATHAN   BEDFORD   FORREST 319 

CAPTAIN   J.   HARVEY   MATHES        321 

MEMPHIS — J.  HARVEY  MATHES  MONUMENT  (with  illustration)  323 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

ONLY    A    PRIVATE    (Poem)         325 

NASHVILLE   (with  illustration)        326 

SAM  DAVIS        328 

NASHVILLE — SAM    DAVIS    MONUMENT    (with   illustration)        .  330 

SAM  DAVIS   (Ella  Wheeler  Wilcox}        332 

PARIS    (with   illustration) 334 

PULASKI — SAM   DAVIS   MONUMENT    (with  illustration)        .     .  338 

TEXAS 

THE  LAST  AGONY  OF  THE  CONFEDERACY   (London  Spectator)    .  343 
AUSTIN — HOOD'S     TEXAS     BRIGADE    MONUMENT     (with    illus- 
tration)           346 

—TERRY'S  RANGERS   MONUMENT    (with   illustration)            .  348 


TOM  GREEN  MONUMENT  (with  illustration) 

CORSICANA    (with  illustration)        

GAINESVILLE    (with   illustration)         

HOUSTON — DICK  DOWLING  MONUMENT   (with  illustration) 
JEFFERSON    (with  illustration) 


350 
352 
355 
358 
362 


MARSHALL   (with  illustration)        364 

PALESTINE — REAGAN  MONUMENT   (ivith  illustration)       .     .     .  367 

"LOST   CAUSE"    (with  illustration)         ...'...  370 

PARIS    (with    illustration) 371 

RUSK  (with  illustration) 374 

SAN  ANTONIO   (with  illustration) 376 

VIRGINIA 

ABINGDON    (with  illustration)         382 

BUCHANAN — BOTETOURT  ARTILLERY  MONUMENT    (with  illustra- 
tion)  * 384 

— BOTETOURT  TABLET  AT  VICKSBURG   (with  illustration)      .  386 

CHARLOTTESVILLE   (with  illustration) .,  388 

LEAVE  Us  OUR  DEAD  (Judith  Gray) 391 

CHATHAM    (with  illustration)        ......'....  392 

FAIRFAX    (with  illustration} 394 

FARMVILLE   (with  illustration)        396 

FRONT  ROYAL   (with  illustration)        397 

HARRISONBURG — TURNER  ASHBY  MONUMENT  (with  illustration)  400 

— . —  (with  illustration) 404 

LEESBURG    (with  illustration) 406 

LEXINGTON — RECUMBENT  LEE  MONUMENT  (with  illustration)    .  408 

GENERAL  R.  E.  LEE  (John  S.  Wise)       ....           ...  410 

LEXINGTON — STONEWALL  JACKSON    MONUMENT    (with   illustra- 
tion)   412 

VIRGINIA  MOURNING  HER  DEAD    .  -   . 416 

LURAY    (with   illustration)         '.  418 

LYNCHBURG    (with   illustrations)   '     .     .  •   .     ,     .     .     .     .     .  420 

MARTINSVILLE    (with  illustration^        .  .  .    ..     .     ....     .  425 

MOUNT  JACKSON    (with  illustration)        426 

NEW  MARKET   (with  illustration) 429 

PARKSLEY    (with  illustration) 432 

PRINCESS   ANNE    (with  illustration)         434 

RICHMOND — JEFFERSON    DAVIS    MONUMENT    (with    illustration)  436 

CHARACTER  OF  ROBERT  E.  LEE   (Curtis  Guild  Jr.)       ....  441 


CONTENTS 


RICHMOND — R.  E.  LEE  MONUMENT   (with  illustration) 
— J.  E.  B.  STUART  MONUMENT  (with  illustration) 
— CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT    (with  illustration) 
— SOLDIERS'  AND  SAILORS   MONUMENT  (with  illustration) 

SUFFOLK — TOM   SMITH  MONUMENT   (with  illustration) 

THE  WATCH  ON  CEDAR  HILL  (W.  R.  Jacobs)       .... 

WYTHEVILLE    (with   illustration)         

THE  CONQUERED   BANNER   (Abram  J.  Ryan)        .... 


WEST  VIRGINIA 

A   CONFEDERATE  REQUIEM 457 

BEVERLY   (with  illustration) 458 

PARKERSBURG    (with  illustration)         460 

UNION    (with   illustration) 462 

VALLEY   MOUNTAIN    (with   illustration)         464 


THE    SOUTH:    ITS    RUINS 

Father  Ryan,  the  author  of  "  The  Conquered  Banner," 
delivered  a  lecture  in  Nashville,  Tenn.,  during  the  winter 
of  1878,  in  which  occurs  the  following  beautiful  pas- 
sages : 

"  A  land  without  ruins  is  a  land  without  memories ; 
a  land  without  memories  is  a  land  without  liberty.  A 
land  that  wears  a  laurel  crown  may  be  fair  to  see;  but 
twine  a  few  sad  cypress  leaves  around  the  brow  of  any 
land,  and,  be  that  land  barren,  beautiless,  and  bleak,  it 
becomes  lovely  in  its  consecrated  coronet  of  sorrow,  and 
'it  wins  the  sympathy  of  the  heart  and  of  history.  Crowns 
of  roses  fade;  crowns  of  thorns  endure.  Calvaries  and 
crucifixions  take  deepest  hold  of  humanity ;  the  triumphs 
of  might  are  transient,  they  pass  and  are  forgotten ;  the 
sufferings  of  the  right  are  graven  deepest  on  the  chronicle 
of  nations. 


"  Yes,  give  me  the  land  where  the  ruins  are  spread, 
And  the  living  tread  on  the  hearts  of  the  dead ; 
Yes,  give  me  a  land  that  is  blessed  by  the  dust, 
And  bright  with  the  deeds  of  the  down-trodden  just; 
Yes,  give  me  the  land  where  the  battle's  red  blast 
Has  flashed  on  the  future  the  form  of  the  past ; 
Yes,  give  me  a  land  that  hath  legends  and  lays 
That  tell  of  the  memories  of  long-vanished  days ; 
Yes,  give  me  a  land  that  hath  story  ard  song 
To  tell  of  the  strife  of  the  right  with  the  wrong; 
Yes,  give  me  the  land  with  a  grave  in  each  spot, 
And  names  in  the  graves  that  shall  not  be  forgot ; 
Yes,  give  me  the  land  of  the  wreck  and  -the  tomb — 
There's  grandeur  in  graves,  there's  glory  in  gloom ; 
For  out  of  the  gloom  future  brightness  is  born. 
As  after  the  night  looms  the  sunrise  of  morn ; 
And  the  graves  of  the  dead,  with  the  grass  overgrown, 
May  yet  form  the  footstool  of  liberty's  throne. 
And  each  single  wreck  in  the  warpath  of  might 
Shall  yet  be  a  rock  in  the  temple  of  right." 
1.5 


16  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


ATHENS,    ALA. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1909. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  17 


(North) 

1861  1865 

(Furled  Flag) 

CONFEDERATE 
SOLDIERS 

OF 
LIMESTONE    COUNTY. 


(East) 

IN    MEMORY    OF 

LIMESTONE'S    SONS 

THIS    MONUMENT    IS    ERECTED 

BY    THEIR    SURVIVORS 

AND 

JOSEPH    E.    JOHNSTON 

CHAPTER    U.    D.    C. 

1909. 

(West) 

ENNOBLED    BY    TRIUMPH 
EXALTED    BY    DEFEAT. 


ATHENS,  ALA. 

The  monument  is  of  hammered  granite ;  height  of 
base  and  pedestal,  ioi  feet;  total  height,  16^  feet.  Base 
is  of  solid  concrete,  6  x  6  x  4^, 

On  the  front  of  die  is  a  furled  flag  above  the  inscrip- 
tion, which  is  in  raised  letters. 

The  six-foot  soldier-figure  is  of  Italian  marble. 

Cost,  $1500. 

— Mary  E.  Mason. 


18  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


1861 

On  the  northern  horizon  appeared  a  little  cloud,  scarce 
bigger  than  a  hand,  and  wise  old  eyes  looked  apprehen- 
sively upon  it.  Higher  and  higher  it  rose  till  its  baleful 
gloom  overshadowed  the  land.  Then  came  the  call  to 
arms,  and  like  one  man  our  young  men  sprang  to  the 
ranks. 

The  bustle  of  preparation  was  everywhere.  The 
bright,  new  uniforms  were  made ;  a  new  flag  was  born. 

Fathers  bowed  their  heads  in  prayer,  then  raised  them 
sternly,  to  bid  their  sons  return  in  honor,  or  not  return 
at  all.  Mothers  prepared  the  little  conveniences  for  the 
knapsack,  and  every  stitch  cost  a  tear  and  every  fold  a 
prayer.  Oh,  those  poor  mothers,  when  marching  orders 
came,  and  they  kissed,  too  often  for  the  last  time,  the 
idols  of  their  hearts ! 

The  bugles  blew,  the  drums  rolled,  over  the  hill  and 
out  of  sight  the  column  swayed — and  it  seemed  that  the 
light  was  gone  from  the  sky  and  joy  from  the  earth. 
— DR.  MOODY. 


THE    PRIVATES 

Many  things  have  been  written  and  spoken  of  the  offi- 
cers in  the  contending  armies  during  the  great  Civil 
War,  and  but  little  about  the  men  in  the  ranks ;  but,  after 
all,  the  privates  constitute  the  real  hope  of  any  cause,  for 
they  are  the  men  who  do  the  work  and  the  fighting. 
Generals  would  be  as  helpless  as  babies  but  for  the  men 
in  the  ranks.  These  guard  the  army  by  day  and  night, 
do  the  marching  and  decide  the  battles  on  which  a  cause 
depends,  and  the  intelligent  individualism  of  the  privates 
determines  the  efficiency  of  armies.  In  the  ranks  of  the 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  19 

armies  of  the  Confederacy  the  intelligence  and  devotion 
of  the  men  in  the  ranks  was  remarkable,  for  the  college- 
bred  sons  of  wealthy  men  were  there  by  thousands,  and 
the  character  of  the  privates  among  the  618,000  who  for 
four  years  put  up  the  most  remarkable  fight  against  over 
two  million  who  wore  the  blue,  explains  the  possibility 
of  the  prolonged  struggle.  In  the  Southern  ranks  were 
the  sons  of  generals,  governors,  Congressmen  and  Sena- 
tors, and  these  privates  in  the  ranks  made  Lee,  Jack- 
son and  other  brilliant  generals  possible,  for  behind  these 
generals  were  the  finest  body  of  privates  modern  times 
have  ever  produced,  and  thousands  of  them  could  have 
taken  charge  of  regiments  and  fought  them  as  skillfully 
as  did  those  who  did  command  them.  To-day  there  is 
but  a  remnant  of  these  men  left,  but  we  have  in  them  a 
remnant  not  only  of  the  men  who  fought,  but  who  re- 
deemed the  South  from  her  poverty  and  brought  her  out 
into  her  present  wide  field  of  possible  development. 

I  served  as  a  private  for  years  and,  doing  my  duty  as 
I  saw  it,  do  not  lower  my  crest  to  any  man,  for  after  all 
the  privates  were  the  men  who  did  things  in  war  and 
peace  and  who  ask  no  pull  or  patronage.  I  like  to  look 
upon  the  glorious  orbs  which  shine  undimmed  in  Con- 
federate history,  but  after  all  give  me  the  commingling 
stars  of  the  milky  way  stretching  across  the  heavens  of 
Confederate  glory — the  privates  in  the  armies  which  made 
Southern  valor  immortal  in  the  eyes  of  the  civilized 
world,  and  with  profound  reverence  and  love  I  salute  my 
comrades  of  the  rank  and  file,  wishing  them  all  happiness 
in  life,  and  then  a  peaceful  slumber  in  the  great  bivouac 
of  the  dead. — DR.  BOLLING. 


20  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


CAMDEN,    ALA. 
CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 
1880. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  21 


(.North) 
THEY    GAVE    THEIR    LIVES    FOR    US, 

FOR   THE   HONOR   OF   ALABAMA, 

FOR   THE    RIGHTS    OF-  THE    STATES, 

AND   FOR  THE   PRINCIPLES   OF  THE  UNION 

AS   THEY   WERE  HANDED   DOWN   TO   US 
BY    THE    FATHERS    OF    OUR    COMMON    COUNTRY. 

(West) 

IN    MEMORY 
OF    THE 

CONFEDERATE    DEAD 

OF 
WILCOX    COUNTY 

1861-1865. 

THE    MANNER   OF   THEIR   DEATH   WAS 

THE   CROWNING   GLORY   OF   THEIR   LIVES. 
> 

— Jefferson    Davis. 


(South) 

WHEN  MARBLE  WEARS   AWAY 
AND    MONUMENTS    ARE    DUST 

THE    SONGS   THAT    GUARD    OUR    SOLDIERS'    CLAY 
WILL   FULFILL   THEIR  TRUST. 

— Father  Ryan, 

(East) 

ERECTED    BY 
THE    LADIES'    MEMORIAL 

AND 

WILCOX    MONUMENT    ASSOCIATION, 
APRIL  26,   A.    D.,    1880. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


CAMDEN,   ALA. 

The  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  of  Camden  was 
organized  in  the  sixties,  the  third  in  the  State. 

The  association  at  once  lived  up  to  the  object  of  its 
organization,  and  placed  marble  headstones  on  the  graves 
of  thirty-five  Confederate  soldiers  buried  in  the  ceme- 
tery. They  then  had  the  monuments  erected  with  the 
aid  of  the  County  Association,  and  enclosed  the  ceme- 
tery with  a  handsome  fence. 

The  monument  is  built  of  Alabama  granite,  and  is  a 
tribute  of  the  citizenry  to  their  heroic  dead. 


THE    REBEL    YELL 

Years  ago  the  Birmingham  Age-Herald  said  :  "  Do  you 
really  comprehend  the  '  Rebel  Yell '  ?  It  was  the  cry  of 
the  only  great  army  the  world  ever  mustered  where  each 
man  came  out  to  take  his  place  from  a  home  owned  in 
fee  simple.  It  was  the  one  message  in  one  tongue,  sent 
back  upon  generous  breezes  from  the  advancing  host 
to  mother  and  sister,  to  wife  and  babe:  'I  am  here; 
grim  peril  runs  riot  before  me ;  ravenous  death  leaps  and 
laughs  above  and  around  me.  I  am  here  between  home 
and  Lincoln !  '  The  Rebel  Yell  was  the  sublimest  Amer- 
icanism that  ever  was  born.  It  was  the  one  democracy 
that  will  never  die  here  in  the  land  of  its  birth." — From 
the  Christian  Herald. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


IN    MEMORIAM 

BY  SALLIE  JONES,  CAMDEN,  ALA. 

From   the  shadow-land   of  memory 

Scenes  long  past  return  again ; 
Phantoms   thronging  weird  around  me 

Waken  slumbering  thoughts  of  pain. 
Once  again,  'mid  din  of  battle. 

Can  I  hear  the  bugle's  call ; 
See   the   marshaled   forces   forming 

For  our  homes  to  stand  or  fall ; 
While  amid  the  dreadful  carnage, 

And  above  the  cannon's  mouth, 
Waves  the  banner  of  our  daring 

Spartan   soldiers  of  the   South. 

But  though  valiantly  they  bore  it 

Over  many  a  glorious   field, 
Till,  when  foiled  at  last  by  numbers 

Sadly  they  were  forced  to  yield ; 
Still   their   valiant  deeds   will   ever 

Sound  along  the  Hall  of  Fame 
And    the   ages   will    remember 

All  they  did  in  Freedom's  name. 

Can  we   e'er  forget  the  heroes, 

Who  with  dauntless  heart  and  brave 
Swore   that   flag   should   float   forever 

O'er  their  freedom  or  their  grave  ? 
No!  we'll  seek  our  richest  treasure 

In  the  memory  of  the  dead, 
And  with  pride  we'll  tell  the  story 

How  for  rights  of  men  they  bled. 


24,  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


FLORENCE,    ALA. 
CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 
1903. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  25 


(.Front) 
C.    S.    A. 

IN    MEMORY 

OF    THE 
CONFEDERATE    DEAD 

OF 
LAUDERDALE    COUNTY. 


(Right) 
1861-1865. 

THE    MANNER    OF    THEIR 

DEATH    WAS    THE    CROWNING 

GLORY    OF    THEIR    LIVES. 


(Rear) 

DEO    VTNDTCE. 

" GLORY   STANDS 

BESIDE  OUR  GRIEF." 


(Left) 

UNVEILED    WITH 

APPROPRIATE  CEREMONIES 

APRIL  25,   1903. 


26  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


FLORENCE,    ALA. 

The  Florence  monument  stands  upon  the  public  square 
about  thirty  feet  north  of  the  courthouse.  It  consists  of 
a  shaft  of  stone  rising  to  the  height  of  16  feet,  and  the 
statue  surmounting  the  shaft  is  of  white  marble  and  was 
made  in  Carrara,  Italy. 

It  represents  a  private  soldier  in  time  of  war,  but  sug- 
gests the  return  of  peace.  He  has  thrown  his  knapsack 
on  the  ground,  resting  one  foot  upon  it.  His  gun  is 
lowered,  held  in  position  by  his  left  hand,  while  with  his 
right  he  returns  the  bayonet — the  war  is  over.  His 
countenance  is  beautiful  with  manly  strength  and  noble 
resolve  to  face  the  future. 

This  monument  was  erected  by  the  Ladies'  Memorial 
Association  of  Florence,  organized  in  1869.  Memorial 
Day  is  observed  each  year  and  has  been  since  the  close 
of  the  war. — Mrs.  M.  W .  Camper. 


Gazing  reverently  back  to-day  through  the  softening 
light  of  the  sleeping  years,  I  declare  to  you  that  not  one 
drop  of  blood  was  shed  in  vain.  Not  one  from  that 
fateful  morning  at  Sumter  to  the  sorrowful  close  at 
Appomattox. 


Peace  with  honor  must  pay  its  price,  be  it  life  itself, 
and  it  is  because  the  South  paid  that  price  with  prodigal 
hand  that  she  stands  erect  among  the  nations,  catching 
upon  her  majestic  brow  the  radiance  of  the  morning 
light. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  27 


1865 

At  last  the  peerless  Lee,  seeing  that  not  a  hope  was 
left  upon  which  to  build  the  battle  of  another  day,  yielded 
his  sword  and  the  war  was  over.  See  how  our  men  bore 
themselves  in  the  hour  of  defeat. 

Thousands  of  them,  strong  and  fearless,  without 
money  and  without  food,  were  turned  loose  upon  an 
unprotected  and  defenseless  land  to  find  their  way  home 
as  best  they  might.  No  law  existed  to  restrain  them,  no 
fear  of  punishment  for  their  misdeeds. 

The  strong  right  hand  to  seize  and  hold,  was  all  that 
was  left  of  law,  judge  or  jury.  Many  hundreds  of  miles 
those  disbanded  soldiers  plodded  to  reach  desolated  man- 
sion or  ruined  cabin  home. 

Yet  there  is  no  record  of  one  single  act  of  pillage  or 
violence,  no  stable  robbed  to  save  the  blistered  feet  nor 
larder  lightened  to  soothe  the  pangs  of  hunger. 

Blot  out  the  unexampled  record  of  these  noble  men 
made  on  the  field  of  battle,  and  repeat  only  this  one  fact ; 
it  will  serve  to  stamp  them  as  noble  heroes. 

Such  were  the  men  of  '65.  Poor  in  gold  they  were 
indeed ;  but  dowered  with  such  a  wealth  of  honor  and  of 
love  that  they  deserve  to  be  classed  with  the  most  hon- 
ored men  of  all  the  ages. — DR.  MOODY. 


"  Mother !  gird  my  sword  around  me, 

Kiss  your  soldier  boy  good-by." 
In  her  arms  she  wildly  wound  thee, 
To  thy  birthland's  cause  she  bound  thee, 
With  fond  prayers  and  blessings  crowned  thee, 
And  she  sobbed :    "  When  foes  surround  thee, 
If  you   fall,  I'll  know  they  found  thee 
Where  the  bravest  love  to  die." 

—A.  J.  RYAN. 


28  HISTORIC     M  0  N  U  M  E  N  T  S 


JASPER,   ALA. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 
1909. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  29 


(South) 
1861-1865. 

(Furled    Banners) 

FURL    THAT    BANNER!       TRUE    'TIS    GORY, 
YET  'TIS  WREATHED  ROUND  WITH  GLORY, 
AND  'TWILL  LIVE  IN  SONG  AND  STORY. 
THOUGH  ITS  FOLDS  ARE  IN  THE  DUST. 

— FATHER    RYAN. 

COMRADES. 

TO    OUR 
CONFEDERATE    SOLDIERS. 

ERECTED    BY 

JASPER    CHAPTER,    U.    D.    C. 
1907. 

(North) 
1861-1865. 

(Great    Seal    of   Alabama) 

HOW    SLEEP   THE    BRAVE    WHO    SINK  TO    REST 
BY  ALL  THEIR  COUNTRY'S  WISHES  BLEST! 

(West) 
C.    S.    A. 

(Crossed   Swords) 

"  THEIR   SHIVERED   SWORDS 
ARE    RED    WITH    RUST, 
THEIR  PLUMED  HEADS  ARE  BOWED; 
THEIR  HAUGHTY  BANNER, 
TRAILED  IN  DUST, 
IS  NOW  THEIR  MARTIAL  SHROUD." 


30  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


(East) 
C.    S.    A. 

(Crossed  Guns) 

IN    MEMORY    OF 

OUR  BRAVE  SOLDIERS 

WHO  WOKE  THE  GRAY. 

THEY  FOUGHT  FOR  YOU  AND  ME. 

JASPER,    ALA. 

The  people  of  Jasper  are  justly  proud  of  their  beauti- 
ful monument,  which  is  pictured  herewith,  along  with 
verbatim  copies  of  the  inscriptions  which  it  carries — in- 
scriptions attesting  the  love  and  remembrance  which  the 
people  of  Jasper  feel  for  those  who  bore  their  country's 
burdens  in  its  hour  of  keenest  suffering. 

From  a  base  of  10  feet  square  rises  a  central  shaft  of 
Georgia  granite,  culminating  in  a  statue  of  white  Italian 
marble,  representing  a  beardless  youth,  a  Confederate 
infantryman,  his  gun  in  hand  to  meet  any  emergency. 

Beside  this  central  shaft  stand  two  other  figures  of 
life-size  sculptured  in  Italy  and  both  of  the  finest  white 
marble.  That  on  the  right  is  a  typical  cavalryman,  the 
gun  across  his  shoulder  and  his  hand  upon  his  saber 
mutely  telling  the  story  of  the  watchword,  "  Duty." 

The  other  figure,  again  an  infantryman,  but  one  grown 
old  in  years,  has  the  watchful  look  on  the  face  that  tells 
of  life's  lessons  well  learned.  His  ready  gun  in  hand 
shows  that  he  too  stands  true  to  the  call  of  his  country 
and  cause. 

The  inscription  upon  the  shaft  is  especially  attractive — • 
COMRADES. 

The  mere  word  tells  of  the  closeness  of  the  tie  between 
the  heroes  who  sleep  beneath  the  sod  and  the  living 
heroes  who  gather  near  to  do  them  honor — a  tie  that  is 
the  bugle  call  which  earth  gives  and  heaven  answers. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  31 


RAPHAEL  SEMMES 

Raphael  Semmes  was  born  in  Maryland  September  27, 
1809;  died  in  Mobile,  the  home  of  his  adoption,  August 
30,  1877. 

In  the  courts  of  fame  Raphael  Semmes  is  the  "  Great 
Admiral."  Refusing  the  honors  awaiting  him  in  the 
United  States  Navy,  he  accepted  the  command  of  the 
Confederate  ship  Alabama.  In  his  wonderful  career  he 
drove  from  all  seas  the  commerce  of  one  of  the  great 
nations  of  the  world.  Grand  man !  as  fearless  as  Nel- 
son, as  devoted  as  Lawrence,  as  swift  in  execution  as 
Paul  Jones,  as  patriotic  as  Perry — thy  fame  is  imperish- 
able! 

The  brilliant  achievements  of  the  Confederate  navy 
have  not  been  fully  appreciated  because  the  people  do  not 
know  of  them.  Their  daring  deeds  are  epitomized  in  "the 
inscriptions  on  the  monument  to  Jefferson  Davis  at 
Richmond  thus : 

"  GIVING    NEW    EXAMPLES    OF 

HEROISM, 
TEACHING    NEW 
METHODS   OF    WARFARE, 

IT    CARRIED   THE 
FLAG  OF  THE  SOUTH 

TO 
THE   MOST  DISTANT  SEAS." 

The  last  shot  in  the  "  War  on  the  South  "  was  fired 
by  the  Confederate  cruiser  Shcnandoah,  in  the  Arctic 
Ocean,  June  22,  1865.  At  10  A.  M.,  November  6,  1865, 
in  the  Mersey  River,  Captain  Waddell  ordered  the  colors 
of  the  Shenandoah  hauled  down.  And  the  banner  so 
nobly  defended,  so  dearly  loved,  became  a  memory  of 
the  past,  but  to-day  is  enshrined  in  the  heart  of  every 
loyal  son  and  daughter  of  the  South, 


32  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


COMMANDER 
C.    S.    STEAMER 

ALABAMA 
REAR    ADMIRAL 

C.    S.    NAVY. 


SAILOR,    PATRIOT 

STATESMAN 

SCHOLAR 

AND 

CHRISTIAN 
GENTLEMAN. 

(On    base) 
RAPHAEL    SEMMES 


MOBILE,  ALA. 

The  monument  in  honor  of  Raphael  Semmes  was 
erected  by  the  Ann  T.  Hunter  Auxiliary  to  Raphael 
Semmes  Camp,  U.  C.  Veterans,  and  was  unveiled  June 
26,  1900,  in  Duncan  Place,  Mobile. 

Pedestal  of  Barre  granite  is  surmounted  by  a  bronze  fig- 
ure (life  size)  of  Admiral  Raphael  Semmes.  The  monu- 
ment is  a  handsome  and  noble  memorial  to  the  valiant 
commander  of  the  Alabama,  whose  fame,  won  on  the 
seas  under  new  conditions  of  naval  warfare,  lives  afresh 
.to-day  in  the  memories  of  all  men ;  whose  deeds — and 
the  type  of  vessel  he  commanded — changed  the  whole 
aspect  of  war  upon  the  seas,  and  gave  birth  to  that  phase 
of  naval  armament  exemplified  to.-day  in  the  dread- 
naughts  and  super-dreadnanghts  that  hold  our  thoughts 
in  silent  amaze.  This  is  one  of  the  lessons  the  South 
has  taught — through  such  men  as  Raphael  Semmes. — 
Electro,  Semme$  Colston. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  33 


CONQUERED    BANNERS 

The  "  Stars  and  Bars  "  was  the  first  flag  of  the  Con- 
federate States,  and  was  adopted  by  the  Confederate 
Congress  in  session  at  Montgomery,  Ala.  The  "  Battle 
Flag  "  was  designed  by  General  Beatiregard,  and  adopted 
by  General  Joseph  E.  Johnston,  after  the  first  battle  of 
Bull  Run,  and  afterwards  adopted  by  the  Confederate 
Congress.  In  the  first  battle  of  Manassas  the  "  Stars 
and  Bars  "  was  several  times  mistaken  for  the  "  Stars 
and  Stripes,"  and  rice  versa;  hence  the  adoption  of  the 
"  Battle  Flag,"  which  was  used  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
On  May  i,  1863,  the  Confederate  Congress  adopted  as 
the  "  National  Flag  "  a  white  one  with  a  miniature  "  Bat- 
tle Flag"  in  the  upper  left-hand  corner;  but  on  May  4, 
1865,  the  Confederate  Congress  added  to  this  "  National 
Flag "  a  red  bar,  for  the  reason  that  when  the  flag 
adopted  May  i,  1863,  fell  limp  around  the  staff  it  showed 
only  the  white,  and  was  mistaken  for  a  flag  of  truce. 


TO  THE  SPIRITS  OF  THE 
CONFEDERATE   DEAD. 

"  Attended 
By  love  and  honor, 
Wherever  you  lie ; 
Because  you  have  lived, 
Life  has  grown  more  splendid. 
And  we  mark  where  you  stood 
When  your  brief  lives  ended, 
That  our  country  may  measure 
Its  heroes  thereby." 


34. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


CONSECRATED  TO   THE    MEMORY   OF   THE 

CONFEDERATE    SOLDIERS    AND    SEAMEN, 

1861-1865. 


MONTGOMERY,  ALA. 

This  monument,  on  the  capitol  grounds,  and  near  by 
is  the  chamber  where  the  first  Confederate  Congress  was 
held,  has  been  dedicated  to  "  The  Soldiers  and  Seamen 
of  the  Confederate  Army." 

The  base  is  34  feet  square,  formed  of  blocks  of  stone 
rising  like  steps  toward  the  center.  The  shaft  is  circular, 
five  feet  in  diameter  and  rises  70  feet.  The  figure  at 
the  top  is  symbolical  of  Patriotism. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  35 


(On    Corner   Stone) 

THIS   CORNER   STONE    WAS   LAID   BY  JEF- 
FERSON DAVIS,   PRESIDENT  OF  C.  S.  A., 
APRIL   29,    1886. 

On  the  broad  base  of  the  monument  are  four  statues; 
representing-  infantry,  artillery,  cavalry,  the  navy.  Un- 
der the  statues  are  inscriptions  on  the  pedestals : 

(Infantry) 

FAME'S  TEMPLE  BOASTS  NO  HIGHER  NAME, 
NO  KING   IS   GRANDER  ON  HIS  THRONE, 
NO  GLORY  SHINES  WITH  BRIGHTER  GLEAM, 
THE  NAME  OF  PATRIOT   STANDS  ALONE. 

— G.    T.    R. 

(Cavalry) 
THE   KNIGHTLIEST    OF   THE    KNIGHTLY    RACE 

WHO   SINCE  THE   DAYS   OF   OLD 
HAVE    KEPT   THE    LAMP   OF   CHIVALRY 
ALIGHT   IN   HEARTS   OF  GOLD. 

— F.   O.   T. 

(Artillery) 

WHEN  THIS  HISTORIC  SHAFT  SHALL  CRUMBLING  LIE, 
AGES  HENCE,  IN  WOMAN'S  HEART  WILL  BE 
A  FADED  FLAG,  A  THRILLING  PAGE  UNROLLED 
A   DEATHLESS  SONG  OF   SOUTHERN   CHIVALRY. 

—I.  M.  P.  O. 

(The    Navy) 
THE    SEAMEN    OF    CONFEDERATE    FAME 

STARTLED    THE    WONDERING    WORLD; 
FOR    BRAVER    FIGHT    WAS    NEVER    FOUGHT 

AND    FAIRER    FLAG    WAS    NEVER    FURLED. 


36  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


TUSCALOOSA,    ALA. 
CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 
1868. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  37 


(West) 

1861 

IN    MEMORY    OF 
OUR    CONFEDERATE    DEAD 

1865 

(South) 
THEY  WORE  THE  GREY 

THY    MIGHTY    DEEDS    IN    THIS 

BRIEF  PERIOD  WROUGHT; 

YEARS   OF   OBLIVION    SHALL 

COVER    IN   VAIN. 

ERECTED    BY    THE 

WOMEN   OF 
TUSCALOOSA. 


TUSCALOOSA,  ALA. 

The  Tttscaloosa  monument  stands  in  Greenwood  Cem- 
etery, which  is  the  old  city  cemetery ;  a  quaint  old  place 
in  which  are  some  very  old  graves — several  Revolution- 
ary soldiers  being  buried  in  it,  and  many  Confederates. 

The  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  which  built  the 
monument  forty  years  ago  this  year  (1908)  was  merged 
in  1896  into  the  U.  D.  C,  forming  the  R.  E.  Rodes 
Chapter. 

The  Tuscaloosa  monument  is  a  rather  plain  severe 
column  of  the  obelisk  type,  imposed  on  a  hexagonal  base. 
This  memorial  is  not  so  pretentious  as  many  erected  of 
more  recent  date,  but  its  very  plainness  and  severity  be- 
speak in  a  manner  the  rigors  of  the  life  in  our  Southland 
at  the  time  of  its  erection,  1868,  so  soon  after  the  close 


1460  OT 


38  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

of  the  war  of  Southern  invasion.  The  monument  was 
erected  by  the  women  of  Tuscaloosa,  who  wished  to 
honor  the  dead  soldiery  of  the  South — those  dead  who 
gave  their  happiness,  their  worldly  goods,  and  finally 
their  lives  in  the  defense  of  their  afflicted  country.  Many 
a  prouder  monument  rears  its  head  to  mark  the  resting 
place  of  the  immortal  dead,  but  none  has  been  erected 
with  greater  love,  reverence  and  respect  than  the  modest 
shaft  that  points  where  lie  the  dead  heroes  dear  to  the 
whole  South  and  here  at  rest  in  "  God's  acre  "  at  Tus- 
caloosa, Ala. 

This  Chapter  marks  the  scattered  graves  of  soldiers 
with  iron  markers,  each  suspended  to  a  pole  sunk  into 
the  ground.  The  markers  and  poles  are  of  bronze  iron. 
The  markers  are  fac-similes  of  the  Southern  Cross  of 
Honor,  the  Chapter  name  being  substituted  for  the  Latin. 
— Mrs.  Ellen  Peter  Bryce. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  39 


SENTINEL   SONGS 

Songs !  fly  as  the  eagles  fly ! 

The  bard  unbars  the  cage; 
Go  soar  away,  and  afar  and  high 

Wave  your  wings  o'er  every  age. 


Shriek  shrilly  o'er  each  day, 

As  futureward  ye  fly, 
That  the  men  were  right  who  wore  the  gray, 

And  Right  can  never  die. 

And  the  songs,  with  waving  wing, 

Fly  far,  float  far  away 
From  the  ages'  crests ;  o'er  the  world  they  fling 

The  shade  of  the  stainless  gray. 

Might !  sing  your  triumph  songs  ! 

Each  song  but  sounds  a  shame; 
Go  down  the  world,  in  loud-voiced  throngs, 

To  win,  from  the  future,  fame. 

Our  ballads,  born  of  tears, 

Will  track  you  on  your  way, 
And  win  the  hearts  of  the  future  years 

For  the  men  who  wore  the  gray. 

— ABRAM  J.  RYAN 


ARKANSAS 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  43 


SKETCH  OF  DAVID  OWEN  DODD 

David  Owen  Dodd  was  a  young  son  of  Pine  Bluff, 
Ark.,  whose  parents  had  refugeed  to  Texas,  and  he  was 
sent  back  to  Saline  County,  Ark.,  about  fifteen  miles 
southwest  of  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  to  settle  some  business 
matters.  Young  Dodd  procured  a  pass  from  General 
J.  F.  Fagan,  commanding  the  Confederate  cavalry  in 
that  section,  to  pass  the  pickets  on  Saline  River.  He 
jocularly  told  the  boy,  whom  he  had  known  from  child- 
hood, that,  as  he  knew  the  country,  he  would  expect  him 
to  find  out  all  about  the  enemy  and  report  on  his  return. 
With  an  ambition  to  comply  David  went  into  Little 
Rock,  appearing  to  be  in  search  of  business,  and  during 
the  time  informed  himself  as  fully  as  practicable,  mixing 
much  with  the  Federals.  When  ready  to  go,  he  applied 
to  General  Steele,  commanding  the  Federal  army,  for 
a  pass  to  go  to  the  country.  The  pass  was  procured,  and 
he  left  the  city  on  the  old  military  road,  going  south- 
west. He  passed  both  the  infantry  and  the  cavalry 
pickets,  but  the  pass  was  taken  up  according  to  rule. 
Unhappily,  he  afterwards  was  met  by  a  foraging  party 
of  Federals,  who  examined  him  and  found,  secreted  in 
his  boots,  papers  of  importance.  He  was  taken  to  Little 
Rock,  and  General  Steele  had  him  placed  under  heavy 
guard.  He  was  court-martialed,  charged  with  being  a 
spy,  and  declared  guilty. 

The  history  compares  equally  with  that  of  Sam  Davis. 
David  was  offered  his  life  and  freedom  if  he  would  give 
the  source  of  his  information,  but  he  with  unfeigned 
courage  refused  to  betray  the  confidence,  and  suffered 
death. 

On  the  day  appointed  for  his  execution  there  was  an- 
guish among  the  citizens,  for  they  knew  the  lad  and  his 
family.  General  Steele  in  person  made  a  plea  for  him 
to  divulge  the  traitor  in  his  camp,  but  David  would  not. 


44  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

He  could  not  be  influenced  to  accept  the  many  and  cor- 
rupt offers — terrible  temptations  to  put  before  one  so 
young  and  so  full  of  life. 

It  is  stated  that  ten  thousand  soldiers  under  arms  were 
around  the  scaffold,  many  of  whom  refused  to  witness 
the  scene,  turning  their  backs  to  the  scaffold :  others, 
who  saw  the  execution,  have  borne  witness  to  the  pre- 
served manly  courage  and  sublimity  of  the  action,  by 
which  the  promise  of  life  was  thrust  away,  because  it 
involved  the  sacrifice  of  personal  honor. 

David's  letter  to  his  parents  and  sisters  is  truly 
pathetic : 

"  MILITARY  PRISON,  LITTLE  ROCK,  January  8,  1864. 

TEN  O'CLOCK,  A.  M. 

"My  Dear  Parents  and  Sisters:  I  was  arrested  as  a 
spy,  tried,  and  sentenced  to  be  hung  to-day  at  three 
o'clock.  The  time  is  fast  approaching,  but,  thank  God! 
I  am  prepared  to  die.  I  expect  to  meet  you  all  in 
heaven.  I  will  soon  be  out  of  this  world  of  sorrow  and 
trouble.  I  would  like  to  see  you  all  before  I  die,  but 
let  God's  will  be  done,  not  ours.  I  pray  God  to  give 
you  strength  to  bear  your  troubles  while  in  this  world. 
I  hope  God  will  receive  you  in  heaven,  where  I  can  meet 
you.  Mother,  I  know  it  will  be  hard  for  you  to  give 
up  your  only  son,  but  you  must  remember  it  is  God's 
will.  Good-by.  God  will  give  you  strength  to  bear  your 
trouble.  I  pray  that  we  meet  in  heaven.  Good-by. 
God  bless  you  all !  Your  son  and  brother, 

"DAVID  O.  DODD." 

Soon  after  the  execution  Frank  Henry  began  a  sub- 
scription to  erect  a  monument  in  his  honor,  but  he  died, 
and  his  father  took  it  up,  and,  being  assisted  by  the 
patriotic  women  of  Little  Rock,  procured  a  modest  mar- 
ble slab,  on  which  is  inscribed :  "  Sacred  to  the  memory 
of  David  O.  Dodd.  Born  in  Lavaca  County,  Tex., 
November  10,  1846.  Died  January  8,  1864." 

The  character  of  this  martyred  youth  deserves  greater 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  45 

prominence  than  this.  In  a  letter  to  the  Arkansas  Ga- 
zette, enclosing  his  check  for  $100,  Colonel  S.  W.  For- 
clyce,  who  was  a  Federal  officer,  writes :  "  It  is  certainly 
and  ought  to  be  a  labor  of  love  to  revere  the  memory  of 
brave  and  self-sacrificing  men  the  world  over." 

Without  detracting  any  honor  from  the  brave  Sam 
Davis,  our  Chapter  of  the  United  Daughters  of  the  Con- 
federacy thinks  that  David  O.  Dodd  was  the  greater 
hero  because  he  was  the  younger,  only  seventeen  years 
of  age,  too  young  to  be  a  soldier,  and  he  was  equally  a 
martyr  to  honor,  even  without  being  accustomed  and 
hardened  to  the  terrors  of  war,  or  the  agonizing  scenes 
of  death. 

All  honor  and  glory  to  the  lasting  name  of  our  hero ! 
the  youngest  known  martyr  who  suffered  death  on  the 
scaffold  during  the  "  great  war  of  the  States  '' — the 
youthful  and  unknown  David  Owen  Dodd. 


46 


AUSTIN,    ARK. 

CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT. 
1906. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  47 

CAMP  NELSON 

CONFEDERATE 

CEMETERY. 

IN  MEMORY  OF 

UNKNOWN    TEXAS 

AND    ARKANSAS 

CONFEDERATE 

SOLDIERS. 

ACT  OF 
LEGISLATURE 

APPROVED 
MAY  ii,   1905. 

THEO.   J.   YOUNG 
W.    F.    GIBSON 
GRANDISON    APPLE 

Trustees. 

AUSTIN,  ARK. 

In  1897  Comrade  T.  J.  Young,  adjutant  of  Camp 
James  Adams,  U.  C.  V.,  upon  being  informed  that  sev- 
eral hundred  unknown  Confederate  soldiers  were  buried 
in  the  woods  around  old  Camp  Nelson  in  Lonoke  County, 
undertook  the  task  of  having  their  graves  cared  for. 

These  soldiers  were  mostly  Texans  belonging  to  Gen- 
eral Nelson's  division  of  cavalry,  and  died  of  measles 
while  in  camp.  Comrade  Young  secured  a  deed  to  the 
ground  where  they  were  buried  and  applied  to  the  Leg- 
islature for  and  secured  an  appropriation  of  one  thou- 
sand dollars  to  establish  a  cemetery  at  Lonoke. 

So,  through  the  energy  of  Comrade  Young  and  his 
co-workers  a  beautiful  cemetery  was  established,  inclosed 
with  a  wire  fence,  with  granite  blocks  at  the  head  and 
foot  of  each  grave. 

On  the  fourth  day  of  October,  1906,  a  granite  monu- 
ment was  unveiled  at  the  cemetery  in  the  presence  of  an 
appreciative  gathering  of  people.  The  accompanying 
photograph  was  kindly  furnished  by  T.  J.  Young. 


48 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


BENTONVILLE,    ARK. 

CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT. 

1908. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  49 


TO  THE  SOUTHERN   SOLDIERS. 

ERECTED   BY  A.   J.  BATES   AND 

THE  JAMES   H.    BERRY    CHAPTER 

UNITED  DAUGHTERS  OF  THE  CONFEDERACY. 

CONFEDERATE 
1861-1865. 


CONFEDERATE. 

THEIR    NAMES    ARE    BORNE    ON    HONOR'S 
SHIELD:     THEIR    RECORD    IS    WITH    GOD. 

THEY  FOUGHT  FOR  HOME  AND  FATHERLAND. 


BENTONVILLE,    ARK. 

The  monument  stands  in  a  park  in  the  center  of  the 
Public  Square.  It  was  unveiled  August  8,  1908,  and  cost 
$2500. 

Mr.  A.  J.  Bates,  a  Confederate  veteran,  gave  $1000; 
the  chapter,  assisted  by  Senator  James  H.  Berry,  without 
whose  help  the  monument  could  never  have  been  erected, 
paid  the  remaining  $1500. — Miss  Emily  McAndreiv. 


50 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


CAM  DEN,   ARK. 

CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT. 

1886. 


51 


(Front) 

IN    MEMORIAM 
1861     -     1865. 


OUR 
CONFEDERATE     DEAD. 


(Obverse) 

WE    CARE    NOT    WHENCE 

THEY  CAME; 

DEAR    IS 

THEIR  LIFELESS  CLAY. 

WHETHER  UNKNOWN, 

OR  KNOWN  TO  FAME; 

THEIR  CAUSE  AND  COUNTRY 

STILL  THE  SAME; 

THEY  DIED— 
AND  WORE  THE  GRAY. 


CAMDEN,  ARK. 

The  monument  at  Camden  is  located  in  Greenwood 
Cemetery.  It  is  of  Vermont  granite,  a  polished  shaft 
of  25  feet  surmounted  by  the  representation  of  a  cannon 
ball.  This  shaft  rests  upon  a  die,  which  in  turn  is  sup- 
ported by  a  base  of  graduated  squares  of  the  same  solid 
material. 

The  monument  rests  upon  a  symmetrical  mound  en- 
closed by  a  heavy  iron  chain.  It  is  thought  by  some  to 


52  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

be  the  first  monument  erected  to  this  cause  west  of  the 
Mississippi  River. 

The  soldiers'  graves  in  the  cemetery  are  cared  for  by 
the  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy.  Memorial  Day  is 
faithfully  observed  and  all  that  loving  hearts  can  devise 
is  done  to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  departed  heroes. 
Their  pictures  have  been  placed  in  the  public  schools  to 
remind  the  coming  generation  of  those  who  possessed 
a  noble  purpose  and  pride  in  its  fulfillment. 

The  graves  of  the  Confederate  dead  who  were  buried 
in  Camden  were  decorated  during  the  month  of  May, 
1885,  under  the  auspices  of  a  military  company  known 
as  the  Camden  Rifles.  This  occasion  aroused  so  much 
enthusiasm  that  at  its  conclusion  a  movement  was  inau- 
gurated to  erect  a  suitable  monument  in  memory  of  the 
honored  dead.  Contributions  were  voluntarily  made  by 
citizens,  some  of  whom  were  Union  veterans,  who  thus 
united  to  show  their  appreciation  of  valor  and  devotion. 

The  work  was  placed  in  charge  of  a  committee  of 
ladies  and  gentlemen,  who  had  the  monument  ready  for 
unveiling  on  the  2gth  day  of  May,  1886. 

With  appropriate  ceremonies  the  handsome  shaft  was 
unveiled  on  that  day  and  presented  to  the  city  of  Cam- 
den.1— Mrs.  Mary  E.  Lockett. 


"  Fold  up  the  banners ! 
Smelt  the  guns ! 

Peace  rules ; 

Her  gentler  purpose  runs. 

A  mighty  Mother 

Turns  with  tears 

The  pages  of  her  battle  years — 

Lamenting  all  her  fallen  sons." 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  53 


EL  DORADO,  ARK. 

This  monument  is  a  memorial  fountain,  twenty  feet 
high  and  about  fourteen  feet  square. 

As  can  be  seen  by  the  inscription  on  its  west  face,  the 
monument  has  been  erected  in  the  memory  and  honor 
of  the  heroic  dead  of  Union  County.  Through  the  en- 
ergies of  the  Henry  G.  Bunn  Chapter,  U.  D.  C.,  we 
daughters  feel  that  we  have  done  all  that  is  left  for  the 
wives,  daughters  and  sisters  to  do  to  exemplify  our  love 
and  devotion  to  the  brave  souls  who  fought  for  our 
country's  honor  and  our  own  firesides — that  is,  to  erect  a 
memorial  that  the  memory  of  the  noble  sons  of  our 
Southland  may  not  fade  from  the  minds  of  men. 

In  selecting  a  memorial  fountain  as  the  type  of  our 
monument,  we  believed  the  symbolism  of  the  design  was 
appealing.  The  cool,  crystal  water  denotes  the  calm, 
steadfast  purity  of  the  purpose  of  the  sons  of  the  South 
in  the  great  war,  while  the  freedom  of  the  water's  flow, 
and  its  enlivening  healing  nature,  serve  to  typify  the 
loving  stream  of  blood  that  was  forced  to  flow  ere  the 
land  of  these  immured  here  was  compelled  to  bow  to  the 
superior  force  and  wealth  and  strength  of  the  invader. 

The  monument  is  of  white  Georgia  marble — the  canopy 
shaped  top  supported  by  four  large  columns  representing 
cannon. 

Beneath  the  canopy  is  a  marble  pool,  in  the  center  of 
which  stands  a  bronze  pelican,  from  which  the  fountain 
sprays. 

In  one  of  the  cannon  columns  is  a  faucet,  with  cup  at- 
tached, from  which  the  public  can  get  cool  water  to 
drink. 

The  crowning  figure  of  the  fountain  is  a  life-sized  Con- 
federate soldier  made  of  white  Italian  marble,  facing 
the  South,  whose  soil  he  hallowed  by  his  hardships  and 
enriched  with  his  blood. 

The  cost  of  the  fountain  was  $2850.     It  is  situated  in 


54  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


EL  DORADO,  ARK.    CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT.     1909. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  55 


(North   Side) 

TRUTH   CRUSHED   TO   EARTH 
SHALL  RISE  AGAIN. 


EVEN   DEATH  CANNOT  SEVER 
THE  CHORDS  OF   MEMORY. 

(West   Side) 

IN    HONOR    OF    THE    CONFEDERATE    SOLDIERS 
OF   UNION    COUNTY,   ARKANSAS. 

(South    Side) 
C.     S.     A. 

1861   -   1865. 

ERECTED  BY  THE  HENRY  G.  BUNN  CHAP- 
TER, UNITED  DAUGHTERS  OF  THE  CONFED- 
ERACY, 1909. 

(East   Side) 
(CROSSED    SWORDS.) 


the  city  park  in  the  most  prominent  part  of  our  business 
section,  where  it  is  seen  and  admired  by  all  visitors  to 
the  city. 

It  is  the  first  memorial  of  the  kind  ever  erected  to  the 
Confederacy — namely,  a  "  memorial  fountain."  The 
idea  originated  with  this  Chapter,  and  the  design  was 
made  especially  for  us. 

The  monument  was  unveiled  in  March,  1910. 

You  can  see  from  tone  of  letter  that  we  are  very  proud 
of  our  work,  and  this  pride  is  shared  by  our  city  and 
county. — Mrs.  D.  W .  Thomas. 


56  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


FORT  SMITH,  ARK. 

CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT. 

1904. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  57 


LEST   WE 
FORGET. 

(CROSSED    SWORDS) 

(STARS  AND  LAUREL) 
1861-1865. 

THE 

CONFEDERATE 
DEAD. 

ERECTED  RY 
VARINA  JEFFERSON 

DAVIS  CHAPTER 
DAUGHTERS  OF  THE 

CONFEDERACY; 
FORT  SMITH,  ARK. 
1903. 


FORT  SMITH,   ARK. 

The  Fort  Smith  monument  now  stands  in  the  Court 
House  yard,  a  magnificent  tribute  to  the  noble  dead  of 
the  South. 

It  was  intended  that  it  should  replace  the  monument 
(destroyed  by  a  tornado  some  years  ago)  in  the  Na- 
tional Cemetery,  where  three  hundred  or  more  Confed- 
erate soldiers  lie  buried,  but  there  were  objections,  and 
it  has  a  more  public  location  in  consequence. 

Upon  the  top  of  the  shaft  stands  the  life-size  typical 
Confederate  soldier,  facing  north,  with  gun  in  right 
hand,  resting  on  the  ground,  and  left  hand  resting  on 
cartridge  box,  while  from  the  shoulder  hangs,  rolled, 
the  Confederate  blanket. 

In  the  National  Cemetery  at   Fort   Smith  there  are 


58  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

the  remains  of  not  only  the  318  Confederate  soldiers, 
but  also  of  1825  Federal  soldiers. 

Every  year  surviving  comrades  decorate  the  graves 
of  their  dead  in  the  Federal  section,  and  the  U.  D.  C. 
and  their  friends  place  flowers  on  the  mounds  that  show 
where  lie  the  boys  in  gray. 

Sometimes  the  Memorial  Day  has  been  jointly  cele- 
brated and  fitting  eulogies  delivered  on  both  the  gray 
and  the  blue. 

It  is  the  aim  of  the  U.  D.  C.  to  teach  posterity  that 
we  have  one  country,  one  flag,  and  one  people;  but  that 
once  there  was  another  flag,  now  furled  forever,  and 
under  its  folds  marched  armies  clad  in  gray  who  added 
new  honor  to  American  manhood  and  new  luster  to 
American  history,  and  they  will  point  to  this  monu- 
ment to  emphasize  the  history  of  that  other  time,  "  Lest 
We  Forget." 

The  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  will  keep  the  faith. 


Let  the  warriors  sleep 

Where  the  whip-poor-wills  mourn, 
Where  the  mocking-birds   lilt 

In  the  flowering  thorn, 
Where  the  proud  granite  column 

Lifts  its  head  to  the  stars, 
Guarding  the  heroes  who  fought 

For  the  Stars  and  the  Bars. 


Accompanying    photograph    was    furnished    by    Mrs. 
Oglerby. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  59 


LITTLE  ROCK,  ARK. 

This  classic  monument,  standing  on  the  grounds  of  the 
new  capitol  building  in  Little  Rock,  was  erected  by  the 
joint  efforts  of  the  Memorial  Chapter  of  the  U.  D.  C, 
the  Confederate  Veterans  and  the  State  of  Arkansas. 

It  was  designed  by  F.  W.  Ruckstuhl,  the  famous  sculp- 
tor, who  created  the  exquisite  "  Gloria  Victis,"  in  Balti- 
more. He  thus  describes  it : 

The  monument  is  35  feet  5  inches  above  the  founda- 
tion. The  first  course  of  stone  above  the  foundation  is 
of  Braddock  quarry  Arkansas  granite  left  rough,  so  as 
to  give  the  appearance  of  supporting  power  to  the  stone. 
The  balance  is  a  French  imported  stone,  called  "  Peuron 
Chauvigny,"  from  the  center  of  France.  It  is  the  finest 
building  stone  in  France ;  for  though  only  moderately 
hard  when  quarried,  it  turns  so  hard  by  exposure  in  a 
few  years  as  to  turn  a  steel  chisel.  The  French  govern- 
ment has  used  it  in  many  public  monuments  of  late. 

The  pedestal  is  in  reality  a  double  pedestal — one  low, 
about  5  feet,  and  one  high,  about  12  feet;  the  higher  be- 
ing capped  by  a  garlanded  capstone. 

On  the  lower  pedestal  stands  a  bronze  figure  nearly 
8  feet  high,  of  a  young  Arkansas  soldier  grasping  the  butt 
end  of  a  flagstaff  while  the  flag  flutters  back  and  around 
him.  With  feet  firmly  planted  he  holds  his  ground  in 
the  midst  of  the  din  of  battle  and  wreck  and  ruin,  appar- 
ently unmindful  of  everything  but  the  holding  of  the 
half-destroyed  banner  in  the  face  of  overpowering  num- 
bers. On  his  face  is  expressed  that  profound  devotion 
to  the  cause  of  his  people  and  that  indomitable  grit  and 
courage  which  have  immortalized  the  Confederate  sol- 
dier. 

The  figure  is  very  supple  in  movement  and  instinct 
with  life.  The  flag  is  easily  recognized  as  the  Confed- 
erate battle-flag. 

On  the  highest  pedestal  is  a  figure  of  Fame  just  alight- 


60 


H  I  S  T  O  R  I  C     M  O  N  U  M  E  N  T  S 


LITTLE    ROCK,    ARK. 

CONFEDERATE  MONUM  KNT 

UNVEILED.   JUNE   3,    1905. 


{Front) 
THE 

CONFEDERATE 
SOLDIERS 

OF 
ARKANSAS. 

(Rear) 
(CAVALRYMAN) 

(Left) 

ARKANSAS   REMEMBERS 
THE   FAITHFULNESS   OF 

HER  SONS 

AND   COMMENDS   THEIR 

EXAMPLE  TO  FUTURE 

GENERATIONS. 

(Right) 
OUR     FURLED     BANNER 

WREATHED       WITH 

GLORY: 
AND  THOUGH  CONQUERED 

WE   ADORE   IT, 
WEEP     FOR     THOSE     WHO 

FELL   BEFORE    IT, 
PARDJDN      THOSE      WHO 

TRAILED  AND  TORE  IT. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  61 

ing  from  the  skies  on  a  bronze  globe,  which  serves  as  a 
finial,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  laurel  wreath  and  an 
acanthus  leaf  on  each  corner.  The  figure  carries  a  trum- 
pet in  the  left  hand,  and  with  the  right  hand  she  holds 
over  the  soldier  a  laurel  crown  in  recognition  of  his 
courage  and  devotion. 

The  face  and  the  whole  form  and  movement  of  the 
supple  figure  express  pride  and  a  satisfaction  as  if  glad 
to  be  able  to  crown  such  a  hero.  The  wings  are  very 
well  modeled,  and  look  sufficiently  large  to  be  able  to 
support  the  figure  with  ease. 


In  the  solemn  shades 
Of  the  woods   that   swept 
The  field  where  his  comrades  found  him, 
They  buried   him   there — 
And  the  big  tears  crept 
Into  strong  men's  eyes 
That  had  seldom  wept. 
(His  mother — God  pity  her— 
Smiled  and  slept, 
Dreaming  his   arms   were   around  her). 

A  grave  in  the  woods 

With  the  grass  o'ergrown, 
A  grave  in  the  heart  of  his  mother— 

His  clay  in   the  one 

Lies  lifeless   and   lone; 

There  is  not  a  name, 

There  is  not  a  stone. 

And   only  the  voice 

Of  the  wind   maketh  moan 

O'er  the  grave  where  never 

A  flower  is  strewn ; 
But — his  memory  lives  in  the  other. 

— ABRAM  J.   RYAN, 


62  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


VAN   BUREN,   ARK. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1899. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  63 


(West) 

TO  OUR 

BELOVED 

CONFEDERATE 

DEAD. 


ARKANSAS         TEXAS 

LOUISIANA 

MISSOURI 

INDIAN    TERRITORY. 


(South) 
1899. 

FURLED   BUT   NOT  FORGOTTEN. 
(FLAGS   CROSSED) 
1861          C.S.A.         1865 

ERECTED   BY   THE 
MARY    LEE   CHAPTER, 
UNITED    DAUGHTERS 

OF  THE 
CONFEDERACY. 


(East) 

BATTLES. 

OAK    HILL,    AUGUST    10,    1861. 
ELKHORN,    MARCH    6,    1862. 
I'RAIRIE    GROVE,    DEC.    7,    1862. 


CAPT.   S.  CHURCHILL  CLARKE,   Mo. 
BATTERY   No.   2,   KILLED  AT   ELK- 
HORN,  MARCH   6,   1862,  AGE  20  YRS. 


64  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


•  (North) 

THE  C.  S.  A.,  FEBRUARY  22,   1862 
DEO  VINDICE. 

"  He    wins   most   who    honor  saves, 

Success  is  not  the  test." 

Fate   denied   them  victory  but 

Crowned   them   with  a  glorious 

Immortality. 


VAN  BUREN,  ARK. 

This  monument  was  erected  in  Fairview  Cemetery, 
Van  Buren,  Ark.,  to  the  memory  of  433  unknown  Con- 
federate soldiers  wrio  lie  buried  there. 

Nearly  all  of  them  died  in  the  Confederate  hospital 
during  the  first  two  years  of  the  war.  The  battle  of 
Oak  Hill  or  Wilson's  Creek,  August  10,  1861,  furnished 
hundreds  of  patients  for  the  extemporized  hospital  and 
for  the  tender  care  of  the  wives  and  daughters  of  Van 
Buren.  Fully  150  of  them  died. 

March  6,  1862,  the  battle  of  Elkhorn  was  fought. 
Again  the  capacity  of  the  hospital  was  taxed  to  the  ut- 
most. Within  six  weeks  from  that  time  the  soldiers' 
plot  of  ground  contained  the  bodies  of  350  of  the  battle- 
scarred  heroes. 

Nine  months  later  the  battle  of  Prairie  Grove  filled 
the  rude  ambulances  with  wounded  soldiers  to  be  con- 
veyed across  the  Boston  Mountain  to  the  Van  Buren 
hospitals.  Nearly  one  hundred  of  these  were  buried  be- 
side their  moldering  comrades  here. 

Arkansas,  Missouri,  Louisiana,  Texas,  and  Indian  Ter- 
ritory are  represented,  each  having  brave  sons  buried 
here. 

The  remains  of  Captain  S.  Churchill  Clarke  of  the 
Missouri  Battery  were  placed  in  the  foundation  that 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  65 

supports  the  marble  shaft  and  his  is  the  only  name  en- 
graved on  the  monument,  thus  making  it  as  entirely  com- 
memorative of  Missourians  as  of  that  of  Arkansas. 

The  monument  is  of  fine  Italian  marble,  21  feet  in 
height,  and  is  surmounted  by  the  life-size  figure  of  a 
Confederate  soldier.  .  The  monument  faces  south,  and  it 
is  toward  his  own  Southland  the  figure  is  looking,  shad- 
ing his  eyes  with  his  left  hand,  while  with  his  right  he 
grasps  his  musket. 

The  base  and  column  are  of  highly  polished  Georgia 
granite. 

Much  credit  is  due  to  Miss  Frances  M.  Scott,  through 
whose  unceasing  effort  the  erection  of  this  monument 
was  made  possible.  She  was  the  hardest  worker  for 
the  cause  in  the  State.  She  loved  the  work  and  gave 
the  best  years  of  her  life  to  it. 

She  lived  a  beautiful  life,  and  this  monument  to  the 
soldiers  is  her  monument  also. — MARGARET  WOOD,  Presi- 
dent U.  D.  C. 


"  Yon  marble  minstrel's  voiceless  stone 

In  deathless  song  shall  tell, 
When  many  a  vanished  tear  has  flown, 

The  story  how  you  fell ; 
Nor  wreck  nor  change  nor  winter's  blight 

Nor  time's  remorseless  doom 
Can  dim  one  ray  of  holy  light 

That  gilds  your  glorious  tomb." 


FLORIDA 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  69 


SEVENTY-SIX  AND  SIXTY-ONE 

BY  JOHN   W.   OVERALL. 

[Oliver    Wendell    Holmes    pronounced    the    following    to    be    the    finest    war 
poem    written    during  the   Civil    War.] 

Ye  spirits  of  the  glorious  dead, 

Ye  watchers  in  the  sky, 
Who  sought  the  patriot's  crimson  bed 

With  holy  trust  and  high, 
Come,  lend  your  inspiration  now, 

Come,  fire  each  Southern  son 
Who  nobly  fights  for  freeman's  rights 

And  shouts  for  sixty-one. 

Come,  teach  them  how  on  hill,  in  glade, 

Quick  leaping  from  your  side, 
The  lightning  flash  of  sabers  made 

A  red  and  flowing  tide; 
How  well  ye  fought,  how  bravely  fell 

Beneath  our  burning  sun; 
And  let  the  lyre  in  strains  of  fire 

So  speak  of  sixty-one. 

There's  many  a  grave  in  all  the  land 

And  many  a  crucifix 
Which  tells  how  that  heroic  band 

Stood  firm  in  seventy-six. 
Ye  heroes  of  the  deathless  past, 

Your  glorious  race  is  run, 
But  from  your  dust  springs  freedom's  trust 

And  blows  for  sixty-one.    . 

We  build  our  altars  where  you  lie, 

On  many  a  verdant  sod, 
With  sabers  pointing  to  the  sky 

And  sanctified  to  God. 
The  smoke  shall  rise  from  every  pile 

Till  freedom's  cause  is  won, 
And  every  mouth  throughout  the  South 

Shall  shout  for  sixty-one. 


70  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT. 

JACKSONVILLE,    FLA. 
(The    gift    of    C.     C.    Hemming    of    Gainesville,    Texas.) 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  71 


(North) 
CHRISTIAN    SOLDIER 

E.   KIRBY   SMITH. 

*  «     * 

(East)   . 
TO  THE 

SOLDIERS  OF  FLORIDA. 
THIS     SHAFT     IS     BY     A     COMRADE, 
RAISED  IN  TESTIMONY  OF  HIS  LOVE, 
RECALLING      DEEDS      IMMORTAL, 
HEROISM         UNSURPASSED. 

CONFEDERATE  MEMORIAL 

1861 — 1865. 

*  #     # 

(South) 
TRIED   AND   TRUE. 

*  *     * 

(West) 
OUR  HEROES. 


JACKSONVILLE,  FLA. 

The  monument  is  62  feet  in  height,  and  is  surmounted 
with  the  figure  of  a  Confederate  soldier  in  winter  uni- 
form, standing  at  ease,  with  his  gun  resting  on  the 
ground.  On  his  cap  are  the  initials  "  J.  L.  I." 

The  foundation  is  massive.  On  the  north  side  of  the 
die  stone  is  a  bronze  bust  of  General  E.  Kirby  Smith, 
who  was  born  in  St.  Augustine. 

On  the  south  side  below  the  inscription  is  the  bust  of 
General  J.  J.  Dickinson,  commander  of  U.  C.  V. 

On  the  west  face,  above  the  inscription  and  on  the 
plate  is  General  Lee  on  horseback  with  his  drum  corps, 
facing  General  Jackson,  representing  the  Army  of  North- 
ern Virginia. 


12  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

(West) 

IN  MEMORY  OF  OUR  LOVED  ONES 

WHO  GAVE  THEIR  LIVES  IN 

THE    SERVICE    OF    THE 

CONFEDERATE    STATES. 

PETER       MASTEN  JOHN    PONCE 

JOHN    M.    LLAMBIAS  THOMAS     PONCE 

MICH.      G.      LLAMBIAS  R.     JENCKES    REID 

ANTONIO     MECKLER  RICHARD     RUSSELL 

GEORGE     MECKLER  FELISE      RANTE 

JACOB     MECKLER  JOHN     STEVENS 

EUSEBIO     PACETTI  HENARO    TRIAY 

FRANK     PAPY  JAMES     WALTON 

El).     A.     PAPY  FRANK     WEEMS 

BARTOLO     PINKHAM  WESTCOTT    WILLARD 
NATHANIEL     POWERS 

(South) 

THEY  DIED  FAR  FROM  HOME 

THAT  GAVE  THEM  BIRTH 

BY  COMRADES  HONORED 

AND  BY  COMRADES 'MOURNED. 


(East) 

ERECTED    BY    THE    LADIES' 

MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION    OF 

ST.  AUGUSTINE,  FLA., 

A.    D.    1872. 

ARCHIBALD     GOULD  HENRY     C.     DUNHAM 

JOSEPH     ANDREM  ABRAHAM     DUPONT 

FKANCIS     BAYA  WILLIAM     DUPONT 

CASIMERO     BENET  ANDREW    FLOYD 

HENRY     BREDIER  PHILIP     GOMEZ 

LOUIS     BREDIER  JOHN     HANSON 

HENRY     BRYAN  WILLIS    J.     HARDEE 

SAM     BUFFINGTON  JAMES     HULBERT 

MARIANO     CAPELLA  JOSE     IRWIN 

CASPAR     CARRERAS  ANTONIO      LOPEZ 

R.     FRANCIS    DANCY  ALFONSO     LOPEZ 

(North) 

THEY  HAVE  CROSSED  THE  RIVER 

AND  REST  UNDER  THE  SHADE 

OF  THE  TREES. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


ST.   AUGUSTINE,   FLA. 

CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT. 

1872. 


74  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


ST.  AUGUSTINE,  FLA. 

The  St.  Augustine  monument  is  a  handsome  one  and 
was  the  first  erected  in  Florida. 

It  is  built  of  coquina,  a  rock  quarried  there,  cemented 
and  painted  a  beautiful  shade  of  gray.  On  top  rest 
cannon  balls.  The  monument  is  surrounded  by  con- 
crete posts,  on  each  post  a  cannon  ball,  a  black  painted 
chain  between  the  posts. 

The  monument  is  in  a  park  called  The  Plaza. 

The  photograph  was  taken  when  the  monument  was 
draped  in  mourning  on  account  of  the  death  of  Presi- 
dent Davis. 

The  inscriptions,  on  white  marble  tablets,  are  not 
shown. 

The  picture  was  sent  by  Miss  Louise  C.  Vogel. 


GEORGIA 


77 


ATHENS,  GA. 

OUR  UNKNOWN   HEROES 

1861-1865. 


78  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


TRUE  TO  THE  SOIL 
THAT  GAVE  THEM  BIRTH  AND  REARED  THEM 

MEN; 

TRUE  TO  THE  TRADITIONS  OF  THEIR   REV- 
OLUTIONARV   ANCESTORS   OF   HIGH   RENOWN 

AND   HALLOWED   WORTH: 
ALIKE    BY    INSTINCT  AND    BY    PRINCIPLE, 
CHERISHING  THE  SENTIMENTS  OF  HOME 
AND  COUNTRY  AND  THE  ALLEGIANCE  THERE- 
UNTO  DUE    AS   ONE   AND   INSEPARABLE: 

THESE    HEROES 

OURS   IN   THE   UNITY   OF  BLOOD, 

OURS  IN  THE  UNITY  OF   PATRIOTISM, 

STRUGGLED    FOR   THE    RIGHTS    OF . STATES 

AS  HELD  BY  THE  FATHERS  OF  THE 

REPUBLIC 

AND  BY  THE  FATHERS,  AS  A  SACRED  TRUST, 
UNTO  THEM  BEQUEATHED. 

(.Names    of    Officers    and    Soldiers    of    Clark    County 
who    fell     in     the     Confederate    Struggle.) 


THE    MEASURE    OF    THEIR    YEARS    SUDDENLY 

COMPLETED    IN    THE    FATAL    ISSUES    OF 
BATTLE,    REACHED    THE    CONSUMMATION    OF 
EARTHLY    GLORY- 
BY   THEIR    DEATH, 

LAST   AND    NOBLEST   OFFICE    OF    HUMAN 

FIDELITY   POSSIBLE  TO   BRAVE   MEN, 

ATTESTING  THEIR   SINCERITY, 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  79 


ATHENS,  GA. 

CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT. 
UNVEILED,   1872. 


80  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


VINDICATING    THEIR    HONOR    AND 

SEALING   THEIR   INTEGRITY, 

THEY  WON  THEIR  TITLE  TO 

AN   IMMORTALITY  OF   LOVE   AND 

REVERENCE. 

(Names  of  Officers  and  Soldiers) 

TO  THE 
CONFEDERATE   DEAD. 

ERECTED    BY    THE 
LADIES'   MEMORIAL   ASSOCIATION. 


ATHENS,  GA. 

The  monument  at  Athens  stands  on  College  Avenue 
in  the  heart  of  the  town.  It  is  between  thirty  and  forty 
feet  high. 

The  base  of  the  monument  is  of  granite,  formed  by  a 
series  of  stq>s.  On  this  base  rests  a  tall  marble  column, 
so  divided  as  to  combine  solidity  and  grace. 

The  eloquent  inscription  on  this  beautiful  shaft  was 
written  by  Dr.  A.  A.  Lipscomb.  It  is  stately  as  an  epic 
poem  and  out  of  it  blazes  the  light  of  truth. 

Athens  also  has  another  monument,  in  the  cemetery, 
built  by  the  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy,  pictured  on 
page  77. — M.  Rutherford. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  81 


A   TATTERED    REMNANT 

The  Albany  (Ga.)  Herald  tells  a  pathetic  story  of  the 
Memorial  Day  service  in  that  city : 

"  The  conclusion  of  the  Memorial  Day  exercises  was 
marked  by  an  incident  which  brought  tears  to  hundreds 
of  eyes.  .  .  .  The  veterans  were  attentive  auditors  to 
the  music,  prayers,  and  address.  The  speaker  had  con- 
cluded his  remarks,  the  closing  anthem  was  sung,  and  the 
final  announcements  made.  Then  the  audience  heard  a 
husky  voice  issue  a  command.  There  was  a  stir  at  the 
front  of  the  auditorium,  and  from  their  seats  uprose  a 
handful  of  Confederate  veterans.  Only  a  handful!  Fif- 
teen or  sixteen  in  that  Memorial  Day  audience  of  many 
hundreds. 

"  '  Right  face !  Forward,  column  right,  march ! ' 
'  "  Down  the  aisle  they  started,  a  corporal's  guard  of 
that  magnificent  army  of  forty  years  ago.  Every  head 
was  white  or  streaked  with  gray  and  nearly  every  form 
was  bent.  Here  was  an  empty  sleeve,  there  a  leg  of 
cork.  As  they  moved  down  the  aisle,  this  scant  handful 
of  heroes,  the  great  audience,  by  a  common  impulse,  rose 
and  stood  in  reverent  silence.  It  was  the  spontaneous 
tribute  of  a  Southern  audience  to  Southern  heroes.  But, 
simple  tribute  though  it  was,  it  touched  the  hearts  of 
those  white-haired  veterans,  and  as  they  moved  on  down 
the  aisle  tears — grateful  tears — fell  from  the  glistening 
eyes  of  every  man  of  them;  And  the  members  of  the 
younger  generations  present,  thus  suddenly  brought  face 
to  face  with  the  fact  that  we  now  have  with  us  but  a 
tattered  remnant  of  that  glorious  army  of  the  sixties 
whose  undying  fame  is  burned  into  the  pages  of  history, 
mingled  their  own  eloquent  tears  with  those  of  their 
heroes. 

"  Do  we  love  our  Confederate  heroes?  God  bless 
them,  yes !  A  thousand  times,  yes !  They  are  enshrined 
in  our  hearts,  and  to  love  them  less  would  be  to  dishonor 
Southern  manhood  and  womanhood." 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


ATLANTA,    GA. 

IN    OAKLAND  CEMETERY. 

UNVEILED     1874. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  83 


OUR 

CONFEDERATE 

DEAD. 

1873- 


ATLANTA,  GA. 

The  corner  stone  of  this  monument  was  laid  October 
17,  1870,  in  memoriam  General  Robert  E.  Lee,  who  was 
buried  that  day.  In  January,  1874,  it  was  completed. 
It  is  made  of  Stone  Mountain  granite,  is  65  feet  high, 
and  is  built  in  the  Roman  style,  with  a  rustic  base  at  the 
bottom  20  feet  square.  It  is  in  six  courses.  The  pedes- 
tal is  finished  with  projecting  tablet  containing  the  in- 
scription. 

The  estimated  cost  was  $17,000,  but  generous  dona- 
tions of  material,  work,  and  railroad  transportation  re- 
duced the  cash  outlay  to  $8,000. 

The  picture  is  taken  from  the  lower  driveway.  On 
the  right,  facing  the  monument,  can  .be  seen  the  "  Lion 
of  Lucerne,"  made  of  Georgia  marble  and  said  to  be  a 
beautiful  reproduction  of  the  original.  It  was  exe- 
cuted by  T.  M.  Brady.  Also  to  be  seen  in  the  picture 
are  two  square  block  monuments  8  feet  high,  covered 
with  the  full  names  of  those  who  died  in  the  hospitals. 
These  names  were  taken  from  the  sexton's  register. 

There  are  over  seven  thousand  soldiers  buried  in  these 
grounds. 

These  monuments  were  built  by  the  Ladies'  Me- 
morial Association,  and  the  grounds  are  kept  up  by  them 
— Mrs.  M.  B.  Torbett. 


84  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


AUGUSTA,  GA. 

CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT, 

1878. 


AUGUSTA,    GA. 

The  monument  stands  76  feet  high.  At  the  corner 
of  the  first  section,  twenty  feet  from  the  base,  are  heroic 
size  marble  statues  of  R.  E.  Lee,  Stonewall  Jackson, 
Thomas  R.  R.  Cobb,  and  W.  H.  T.  Walker.  The  obe- 
lisk proper  rises  gracefully  to  its  commanding  height 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  85 


(East) 

OUR 

CONFEDERATE   DEAD. 


(North) 

IN  MEMORIAM: 

"  NO   NATION    ROSE    SO   WHITE   AND    FAIR, 
NONE  FELL,   SO  PURE  OF  CRIME." 


(South) 
WORTHY 

TO   HAVE  LIVED  AND   KNOWN 
OUR  GRATITUDE; 

WORTHY 

TO   BE   HALLOWED  AND   HELD 
IN  TENDER  REMEMBRANCE; 

WORTHY 

THE  FADELESS   FAME  WHICH 
CONFEDERATE    SOLDIERS 

WON: 
WHO  GAVE  THEMSELVES   IN  LIFE 

AND  DEATH  FOR  US; 

FOR  THE  HONOR  OF  GEORGIA, 

FOR  THE  RIGHTS  OF  THE  STATES, 

FOR  THE   LIBERTIES   OF  THE  PEOPLE, 

FOR  THE  SENTIMENTS  OF  THE  SOUTH, 


86  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


FOR  THE   PRINCIPLES  OF  THE  UNION, 

AS  THESE  WERE  HANDED  DOWN  TO  THEM 

BY  THE  FATHERS  OF  OUR  COMMON  COUNTRY. 

(West) 

ERECTED   A.   D.    1878,    BY   THE 
LADIES'   MEMORIAL   ASSOCIATION   OF 

AUGUSTA, 

IN  HONOR  OF  THE 

MEN  OF  RICHMOND  COUNTY 

WHO   DIED 
IN  THE  CAUSE  OF  THE  CONFEDERATE  STATES 


and  is  surmounted  with  an  heroic  size  private  Confed- 
erate soldier,  standing  at  rest. 

This  monument,  one  of  the  handsomest  in  the  South, 
is  located  on  Broad  Street,  between  Jackson  and  Mc- 
Intosh. 

The  marhle  portion  of  the  monument  was  executed 
in  Italy. 

In  the  soldiers'  section  of  the  city  cemetery  are  337 
graves.  There,  on  Memorial  Day,  when  the  flowers 
bloom,  the  sod  is  green  and  the  fountain  plays,  the  citi- 
zens gather  and  lay  their  tributes  of  flowers  upon  the 
graves  of  their  departed  heroes. 

The  'photograph  of  this  monument  and  the  accom- 
panying inscriptions  were  furnished  by  Mrs.  W.  J. 
Wilson. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


87 


COVINGTON,    GA. 

CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT. 

1906. 


COVINGTON,  GA. 

This  monument,  unveiled  April  26,  1906,  in  the  pres- 
ence of  several  thousand  enthusiastic  people,  was  erected 
by  the  joint  efforts  of  Jefferson  Lamar  Camp,  U.  C.  V., 
the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  the  Daughters  of  the 
Confederacy,  and  citizens  generally. 

It  stands  in  Central  Park. 


88  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

GEORGIA    MONUMENT 

CHICKAMAUGA    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK 

(Inscriptions  on   three  sides) 

NAMES  OF 
INFANTRY, 
ARTILLERY, 

AND 

CAVALRY 

COMMANDS, 

IN  THE  BATTLE: 

AND 

NAMES   OF 

COMMANDING 

OFFICERS. 


«XO  THE  LASTING  MEMORY  OF  ALL  HER  SONS 
WHO    FOUGHT    ON    THIS    FIELD  —  TO    THOSE    WHO    FOUGHT 

AND  LIVED   AND  THOSE 

WHO    FOUGHT   AND    DIED  —  THOSE    WHO    GAVE    MUCH 
AND  THOSE  WHO   GAVE  ALL 

GEORGIA 
ERECTS    THIS    MONUMENT. 


Near  the  eastern  edge  of  the  Poe  field,  on  the  Chicka- 
mauga  battleground,  rises  the  stately  marble  shaft  erected 
by  the  State  of  Georgia  in  memory  of  her  sons. 

The  figures  and  tablets  are  of  bronze. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


89 


GEORGIA    MONUMENT 
CHICKAMAUGA    NATIONAL    MILITARY    PARK. 

i8gq. 


90  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


C.  S.  A. 
CARNES'S 
BATTERY, 

WRIGHT'S    BRIGADE, 

CHEATHAM'S    DIVISION, 

FOLK'S    CORPS. 

CAPT.    W.    W.    CARNES 

1.  LIEUT.    L.    C.    MARSHALL 

2.  LIEUT.    J.    H.    COCKERILL 

3.  LIEUT.    A.    W.    RYLECK. 

CASUALTIES: 
38  MEN,    49  HORSES. 


GEORGIA  MONUMENT 

CARNES'S  BATTERY 

This  monument  was  erected  by  private  subscriptions. 
It  marks  the  spot  where  Carnes's  battery  fought  with 
Cheatham's  Division  on  that  fateful  Saturday  of  the 
great  conflict  that  raged  on  what  is  now  the  national 
cemetery  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn.  This  is  a  very  hand- 
some memorial,  even  amid  the  numerous  beautiful 
monuments  that  grace  this  last  resting  place  of  those 
who  in  life  fought  to  the  death,  and  in  death  lie  in 
peace  awaiting  the  trump  that  will  one  day  call  them 
again  to  life  in  that  land  where  wars  and  rumors  of  wars 
find  no  place. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


91 


GEORGIA    MONUMENT,    CARNES'S    BATTERY. 
CHICKAMAUGA,    TENN. 


92  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

"  REBELS " 
By  Miss  A.  DUNOVANT 

The  application  of  the  term  "  rebel  "  to  Confederates 
is  a  very  grave  error,  destructive  of  the  hope  of  estab- 
lishing the  South's  just  claims  to  being  the  constitu- 
tional party,  involving  the  right  of  secession,  and  in 
consequence  acknowledging  the  right  of  coercion.  It 
makes  the  sending  of  troops  into  the  South  a  consti- 
tutional act,  which  Lincoln  tried  by  sophistry  to  prove, 
but  which  has  been  disproved  by  all  who  earnestly  seek 
reason  and  truth.  The  common  saying,  "  Washington 
was  a  rebel,  and  we  are  rebels,  too,"  is  a  very  grave  er- 
ror, and  will  be  readily  so  recognized  if  we  consider  the 
distinctive  difference  between  the  Revolutionary  War  and 
the  war  of  the  States.  I  will  remark,  parenthetically, 
that  my  ancestors  were  not  Tories,  but  fought,  like  Wash- 
ington, to  overthrow  monarchical  rule.  The  Revolution- 
ary War  was  a  war  between  colonists  and  their  mother 
country;  the  other  war  (the  war  between  the  States) 
was  a  war  between  citizens  of  coequal  States.  One  was 
a  rebellion  of  subjects  against  an  established  monarchy; 
the  other  was  the  resistance  of  free,  sovereign,  and  inde- 
pendent States  to  the  encroachment  of  their  common 
agent — the  general  government — the  resistance  of  the 
creators  to  the  creature. 

The  fact  that  the  enemy  applies  to  us  the  term 
"  rebels "  should  of  itself  be  sufficient  to  cause  us  to 
regard  the  term  as  intended  by  them  one  of  oppro- 
brium. They  know  full  well  that  it  is  only  by  asserting 
that  we  were  rebels  that  they  can,  in  the  least,  be  justi- 
fied in  the  unholy  war. 

The  fame  of  the  Northern  soldier  is  of  physical  force ; 
the  glory  of  the  Southern  soldier  is  of  moral  courage. 
The  reputation  of  the  Northern  soldier  rests  upon  nu- 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  93 

merical  strength ;  the  renown  of  the  Southern  soldier 
is  based  upon  unexcelled  skill  and  fortitude.  One  sought 
conquest;  the  other,  justice.  One  drew  the  sword  in 
vengeful  hate;  the  other,  without  hatred  or  malice. 
One  climbed  to  the  height  of  worldly  success ;  the  other, 
attained  the  summit  of  lofty  virtue.  One  triumphed; 
the  other  lost,  but  with  his  face  to  the  foe  and  his  eye 
toward  heaven.  His  was  the  defeat  of  the  vanquished 
patriot — no  broken  faith,  but  a  broken  heart ;  his  soul 
spotless,  but  his  body  scarred ;  his  worldly  inheritance 
seized,  destroyed,  but  the  priceless  wealth  of  a  clear 
conscience  was  still  his  own.  Ashes  marked  the  spot  of 
his  once  peaceful  home,  but  on  the  dismal  scene  he  an 
altar  to  his  country  raised.  And  around  that  altar  we, 
the  daughters  of  the  Southland,  in  reverent  devotion 
gather,  feeding  its  dimly  burning  light  with  ardent  love, 
and  filling  the  memory-haunted  scene  with  the  trium- 
phant refrain :  The  body  may  to  the  sword  fall  victim, 
but  truth  can  never  know  of  death,  and  it  yet  will  rise 
and  weave  into  the  tapestry  of  the  world's  most  hon- 
ored the  words,  "  Men  of  the  Confederacy." 


94  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


(South) 

BORN   FEB.    ii,    1812. 
MEMBER   GA.   HOUSE   OF   REPRESENTATIVES 

1836  TO  1840. 

MEMBER  GEORGIA  STATE  SENATE,    1842. 
MEMBER  U.   S.  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES, 

1843  TO    1859. 

RETIRED    FROM    CONGRESS,    1859. 
VICE  PRESIDENT  CONFEDERATE  STATES 

1861    TO     1865. 

U.    S.    SENATOR   ELECT  FROM   GA.    1866. 
MEMBER  U.  S.  HOUSE  REPRESENTATIVES, 

1873  TO  1882. 
GOVERNOR   OF  GEORGIA,    1882. 

DIED    IN    ATLANTA,    GA., 
SUNDAY  MORNING,   MARCH   4TH,    1883. 
AUTHOR  OF  "  A  CONSTITUTIONAL  VIEW 
OF  THE  WAR  BETWEEN   THE   STATES," 
AND  OF  "  A  COMPENDIUM  OF  THE  HIS- 
TORY OF  THE   UNITED  STATES  FROM 
THEIR  EARLY  SETTLEMENTS  TO   1872." 


ALEXANDER    H.    STEPHENS. 

(North) 
THE    GREAT    COMMONER 

THE  DEFENDER  OF 

CIVIL   AND   RELIGIOUS   LIBERTY. 

'  HE   COVETED  AND  TOOK   FROM   THE 

REPUBLIC   NOTHING    SAVE   GLORY." 


NON  SIBI,  SED  ALIIS. 
ERECTED;   1893. 

CRAWFORDSVILLE,    GA. 

The  Stephens  monument  is  placed  by  his  grave  in  the 
front  yard  of  his  old  home,  "  Liberty  Hall,"  which  is 
owned  by  "  The  Stephens  Monumental  Association." 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  95 


A.    H.    STEPHENS    MONUMENT, 
CRAWFORDSVILLE,    GA. 
1893- 


96  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


(.East) 

"  I  AM  AFRAID  OF  NOTHING  ON  EARTH, 
OR  ABOVE  THE  EARTH,  OR  UNDER  THE 
EARTH,  EXCEPT  TO  DO  WRONG.  THE 
PATH  OF  DUTY  I  SHALL  EVER  EN- 
DEAVOR TO  TRAVEL,  FEARING  NO  EVIL, 
AND  DREADING  NO  CONSEQUENCES." 


"  HERE  SLEEP  THE  REMAINS  OF  ONE  WHO 
DARED  TO  TELL  THE  PEOPLE  THEY  WERE 
WRONG  WHEN  HE  BELIEVED  SO,  AND  WHO 
NEVER  INTENTIONALLY  DECEIVED  A 
FRIEND  OR  BETRAYED  EVEN  AN  ENEMY." 
— Extracts  from  Augusta  Speech,  1855. 

(West) 

THROUGHOUT  LIFE  A  SUFFERER  IN  BODY, 
MIND,  AND  SPIRIT,  HE  WAS  A  SIGNAL 
EXEMPLAR  OF.  WISDOM,  COURAGE,  AND  FORTI- 
TUDE, PATIENT  AND  UNWEARYING  CHARITY. 
IN  THE  DECREPITUDE  OF  AGE  CALLED  TO 
BE  GOVERNOR  OF  THE  STATE,  HE  DIED 
WHILE  IN  THE  PERFORMANCE  OF  THE  WORK 
OF  HIS  OFFICE,  AND  IT  SEEMED  FIT 
THAT,  HAVING  SURVIVED  PARENTS,  BRETH- 
REN, SISTERS,  AND  MOST  OF  THE  DEAR  COM- 
PANIONS OF  YOUTH,  HE  SHOULD  LAY  HIS 
DYING  HEAD  Ul  ON  THE  BOSOM  OF  HIS  PEOPLE. 

The  base  is  of  Georgia  marble ;  the  statue  being  made 
in  Italy,  of  course  is  of  Italian  marble.  It  cost  about 
$2300. — Mrs.  Maude  Stephens  Hadaway. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  97 


After  all,  the  best  monument  to  the  soldiers  is  Memo- 
rial Day. 

There  is  poetry  in  it.  The  art  of  writing  poetry  seems 
to  be  a  lost  art.  There  are  no  Homers  or  Virgils  now. 
Individual  poets  like  them  no  longer  appear  among  men. 

But  here  is  a  marvel — a  whole  people  turned  poet. 
The  South  enacts  a  poem  each  year,  on  Memorial  Day. 

When  the  day  in  springtime  comes  and  the  flowers 
are  blooming,  see  the  people  close  their  houses  and  places 
of  business ;  see  the  procession  moving  along  the  streets. 
They  are  there  from  grandfather  to  babe. 

Where  are  they  going?  Is  it  a  Fourth  of  July?  No, 
there  are  no  fireworks. 

Is  it  a  May  Day?     No,  there  are  no  dancing  feet. 

Is  it  to  celebrate  a  great  victory  ?     No,  no ! 

It  is  the  story  of  the  defeat  of  a  just  cause.  It  is  the 
simple,  primitive  way  of  telling  by  symbols  what  is  too 
deep  and  tragic  to  be  told  in  words. 

Those  graves,  those  graves !  so  different  from  all 
other  graves !  Let  us  go  to  them ;  let  us  all  go ;  let  us 
carry  flowers,  emblems  of  beauty ;  let  us  deck  the  mounds 
that  hide  from  our  sight  our  loved  ones.  Let  us  leave 
house  and  shop  and  farm,  and  march  all  together  until 
we  come  to  a  "  rare  garden — a  garden  of  heroes,"  and 
strewing  flowers,  tell  to  the  air,  the  trees,  the  sun,  the 
heavens  and  him  who  inhabits  them,  how  we  remember 
these  our  heroes,  how  we  love  them. 

What  a  drama !  What  a  poem !  What  a  motion 
picture !  What  a  monument  to  the  memory  of  the  Boys 
in  Gray!  who  lived  and  fought  and  faded  away! 


98  HISTORIC     M  O  N  U  INI  E  N  T  S 


Confederate  Monument, 
Hawkinsville,  Qa. 


HAWKINSVILLE,    GA. 
CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1908. 


HISTORIC1     MONUMENTS  99 


C.    S.    A. 

(Flag) 
COMRADES 


TO    OUR 

CONFEDERATE 

SOLDIERS. 


HAWKINSVILLE,   GA. 

'  I  am  sending  you  a  photograph  of  our  monument. 
There  are  no  inscriptions  except  those  in  front,  which 
you  can  plainly  see.  It  was  unveiled  July  21,  1908. 

The  two  figures  on  the  lower  pedestal  are  Lee  facing 
the  south  and  Stonewall  Jackson  facing  the  north;  the 
soldier  on  the  shaft  is  facing  east. 

There  are  battle-flags  on  the  east  side  of  pedestal  and 
stacked  arms  on  the  west.  The  cost  was  $3000. 

The  beauty  of  this  monument  is  such  that  all  must 
admire  it. — Mrs.  P.  H.  Love  joy. 


"  They  were  only  privates,  and  it  was  theirs  to  obey, 
Not  theirs  to  command,  to  lead  the  fray, 
But  theirs  to  endure,  follow  and  fight, 
To  know  the  cause  they  loved  was  right ; 
Hungry  and  thirsty,  footsore  and  lame, 
They  fought  for  their  country  and  thought  not  of  fame, 
And  so  to  the  end  they  followed  and  fought 
With  a  love  and  devotion  that  could  not  be  bought." 


100 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


CAPT.    M.    T.     NUNNALLY. 


The  monument  is  about  25  feet  high  and  is  of  Georgia 
marble,  except  the  statue,  which  is  of  Italian  marble. 

The  statue  represents  the  young  soldier  in  the  uniform 
of  a  Confederate  captain  and  is  a  lifelike  reproduction 
of  a  very  handsome  physique. 

Having  been  educated  at  West  Point,  Captain  Nun- 
nally  was  a  model  soldier,  rigid,  but  kind  in  discipline 
and  mindful  of  the  safety  and  comfort  of  his  command. 

Captain  Nunnally  fell  while  cheering  on  his  company 
in  the  charge  of  Hood's  Division,  which  drove  the  enemy 
from  the  Devil's  Den  Woods  over  the  slopes  of  Devil's 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  101 


(Front) 

MATTHEW    TALBOT    NUNNALLY, 
BORN  IN  THIS  COUNTY 

MARCH    18,    1839. 

ENTERED    THE    ARMY 

IN    JUNE,    1861, 

AS  CAPTAIN 

IN   THE   II.   GEORGIA 

REGIMENT. 

KILLED, 

IN    THE    BATTLE    OF 
GETTYSBURG, 
JULY    2,    1863. 

*  *     * 

(Side) 

A  TRIBUTE  OF  LOVING  REMEM- 
BRANCE FROM  MARY  NUNNALLY 
SANDIDGE  TO  THE  MEMORY  OF 
HER  BROTHER,  WHOSE  YOUNG 
CAREER  WAS  BRIEF,  BRAVE  AND 

GLORIOUS. 

*  *     * 

(Side) 

"  FOR  ITS  FAME  ON  BRIGHTEST  PAGES, 
PENNED  BY  POETS  AND  BY  SAGES, 
SHALL  GO  SOUNDING  DOWN  THE  AGES, 
FURL  ITS  FOLDS  THO'  NOW  WE  MUST." 


Den  Ridge  to  the  shelter  of  Round  Top  Mountain  and  of 
Little  Round  Top. 

He  was  lamented  by  all  who  knew  him,  and  by  none 
so  much  as  by  the  men  of  his  company,  who  respected 
and  admired  him  for  his  great  worth. 


102          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


LUMPKIN,   GA. 

CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT. 

1908. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  103 


(North) 

C.  S.  A. 

(Crossed  Guns) 

1865. 

(Hast) 

C.  S.  A. 

ERECTED  BY  STEWART 
COUNTY  CHAPTER,  U. 
D.  C.  AS  A  TRIBUTE 
OF  LOVE  AND  HONOR 
1908. 

(West) 

C.  S.  A. 

1861. 

IN  MEMORY  OF  THE 
BRAVE  CONFEDERATE 
SOLDIERS  OF  STEW- 
ART COUNTY,  BOTH 
THOSE  WHO  FOUGHT 
AND  FELL,  AND  THOSE 
WHO  FOUGHT  AND 
SURVIVED. 

OUR    SOLDIERS. 

(South} 

C.  S.  A. 

(Confederate  Flag) 
1865. 


LUMPKIN,  GA. 

This  monument  was  erected  by  the  Stewart  County 
U.  D.  C,  and  unveiled  April  16,  1908.  It  stands  in  the 
Court  House  square,  and  a  multitude  of  people  wit- 
nessed the  dedication. 

The  old  veterans  marched  to  their  places,  followed  by 
the  U.  D.  C.  and  children  of  the  county,  the  latter  tak- 
ing their  places  to  represent  a  living  flag  of  the  Confed- 
eracy. The  children  sang  "  America." 

We  are  indebted  to  Mr.  A.  W.  Latimer,  Lumpkin, 
Ga.,  for  photograph  and  inscriptions  of  monuments. 


104  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


MARIETTA,  GA. 

The  many  battles  in  north  Georgia  account  for  the 
three  thousand  Confederates  buried  at  Marietta  and  the 
ten  thousand  Union  soldiery  in  the  neighboring-  National 
Cemetery.  The  bodies  of  the  equally  brave  antago- 
nists dwell  together  in  peace.  They  rest  in  perfect  con- 
cord in  the  soil  of  the  South.  So  may  the  living  soldiers 
forget  their  animosities  while  cherishing  all  the  best 
patriotic  memories. 

This  monument  very  fittingly  marks  the  successful 
efforts  of  the  Southern  ladies  in  collecting  these  three 
thousand  bodies  from  the  woods  and  fields  where  battles 
were  fought  in  north  Georgia.  Beginning  their  gracious 
labors  immediately  after  the  war  closed,  now,  in  plac- 
ing a  splendid  monument  in  this  Garden  of  Heroes  to 
commemorate  the  valor  of  the  Southern  soldier,  they 
have  unconsciously  built  an  everlasting  monument  to 
their  loving,  patriotic  work. 

This  article  is  intended  as  a  brief  resume  of  the  his- 
tory of  this  cemetery  through  a  period  of  forty-five  years, 
the  first  bodies  having  been  interred  there  on  September 
14,  1863,  and  after  that,  the  pathetic  hospital  records 
show  how  many  of  our  brave  men,  some  of  them  far 
away  from  home  and  friends,  were  laid  to  rest  on 
Georgia  soil. 

It  was  during  these  troublous  years  that  the  Ladies' 
Aid  Society  was  organized,  and,  as  Johnston  retreated 
and  Sherman  advanced,  the  little  town  was  filled  with 
the  sick  and  the  wounded,  the  dead  and  the  dying.  This 
band  of  devoted  women,  though  borne  down  by  the  stress 
of  those  fearful  events,  bravely  and  lovingly  went  into 
the  hospitals  to  cheer  the  sick,  comfort  the  dying,  and  aid 
in  burying  the  dead.  Afterward  when  Sherman's  in- 
coming hosts  swept  through  the  town,  many  families 
fled,  and  when  they  returned  to  desolate  homes  the  fierce 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  105 

struggle  for  bread  left  little  time  for  the  lonely  graves 
upon  the  hill.  But  they  were  never  forgotten. 

The  first  flowers  brought  by  any  organization  in  the 
South  as  loving  tribute  to  our  Confederate  dead  were 
laid  on  these  graves  by  the  survivors  of  the  Ladies'  Aid 
Society,  afterward  merged  into  the  Memorial  Associ- 
ation. This  was  in  the  spring  of  1866,  and  when  Mrs. 
Charles  Williams  of  Columbus,  Ga.,  conceived  the  plan 
of  each  year. commemorating  the  heroism  and  sacrifices 
of  our  noble  slain  by  the  ceremonies  of  Memorial  Day, 
Marietta  was  among  the  first  to  join  in  the  movement; 
and,  no  matter  what  the  stress  of  circumstances,  from 
then  until  the  present  time  no  Memorial  Day  has  been 
allowed  to  pass  without  the  tribute  of  flowers  or  the 
words  of  remembrance. 

But  all  along  the  line  of  the  Western  and  Atlantic 
Railroad,  on  the  battlefields  of  Chickamauga,  New  Hope, 
Kolb's  Farm,  in  isolated  spots  in  the  surrounding  coun- 
try, were  graves,  sometimes  marked  by  a  rude  head- 
board, on  which  the  name  and  command  had  been  hastily 
carved;  others  were  lying  underneath  the  spreading 
branches  of  a  tree,  on  whose  bark  the  faint  lettering  was 
fast  disappearing,  and  many,  alas !  unmarked  and  "Un- 
known." In  the  late  sixties  Mrs.  Williams — long  gone 
to  her  reward — and  Miss  M.  J.  Green,  now  of  Atlanta, 
applied  to  the  Legislature  for  funds  to  remove  these 
bodies  to  Marietta.  This  being  granted  and  the  land 
donated  for  the  purpose,  these  noble  women  set  about 
their  arduous  task,  and  to-day  more  than  three  thousand 
Confederate  soldiers,  representing  every  Southern  State, 
sleep  on  the  gentle  slopes  of  this  lovely  site,  in  full  view 
of  historic  Kennesaw  Mountain. 

After  the  bodies  were  removed,  for  a  year  or  two  the 
Legislature  appropriated  money  to  care  for  the  graves, 
and  then  this  was  refused.  The  task  being  too  heavy 
for  the  depleted  ranks  of  the  Memorial  Association  the 
cemetery  gradually  fell  into  neglect.  But  about  fifteen 
years  ago  the  Memorial  Association  was  reorganized 


106  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


MARIETTA,    GA. 
CEMETERY    AND 
CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 
1908. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  107 

TO    THE 

3000   SOLDIERS    IN   THIS 

CEMETERY,    FROM    EVERY 

SOUTHERN  STATE,  WHO 

FELL  ON  GEORGIA  SOIL 

IN  DEFENSE  OF  GEORGIA 

RIGHTS   AND  GEORGIA 

HOMES. 

"  THEY    SLEEP   THE    SLEEP   OF   OUR 

NOBLE   SLAIN; 

DEFEATED,  YET  WITHOUT  A  STAIN, 
PROUDLY  AND  PEACEFULLY." 

(Flag) 

FOR,    THOUGH    CONQUERED,    THEY    ADORE    IT: 
LOVE  THE  COLD  DEAD  HANDS  THAT  BORE  IT. 

TO  OUR  COBB  COUNTY 

SOLDIERS,  WHO  SO  NOBLY 

"  ILLUSTRATED "  GEORGIA  ON 

MANY    A    HARD    WON    FIELD: 

TO  THOSE  WHO   DIED   FOR 

A   SACRED  CAUSE  AND  TO 

THOSE  WHO  LIVED  TO 

WIN   A   NOBLER   VICTORY 

IN  TIME  OF  PEACE. 

ERECTED  AND 

DEDICATED,  BY 

KENNESAW   CHAPTER 

UNITED  DAUGHTERS 

OF    THE 

CONFEDERACY 

MARIETTA,    GA. 

1908. 


108          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

and,  receiving  a  fresh  impetus,  determined  to  rescue  the 
cemetery  from  ruin.  There  was  not  a  dollar  in  the  treas- 
ury, and  the  task  was  one  before  which  hearts  less  stead- 
fast, less  devoted,  would  have  quailed. 

But  by  persistent  effort  order  has  been  evolved  out  of 
chaos.  Kennesaw  Chapter,  U.  D.  C,  our  younger  and 
more  vigorous  sister,  has  nobly  aided  in  the' work,  and 
though  much  remains  to  be  done,  the  cemetery  is  no 
longer  a  reproach.  Sewers  have  been  put  in,  driveways 
repaired,  a  speaker's  stand  of  brick  and  marble  built, 
the  six  acres  seeded  in  Bermuda  grass,  shrubbery  planted, 
three  thousand  marble  headstones  put  in  place,  and,  to 
crown  all,  Kennesaw  Chapter  has  unveiled  a  chaste  and 
artistic  monument. 

The  cemetery  now  belongs  by  deed  of  gift  to  the 
State  of  Georgia,  which  will  no  doubt  see  that  the  work 
is  completed  at  an  early  day,  and  that  the  last  resting 
place  of  our  dead  will  compare  favorably  with  the  beauti- 
ful national  cemetery  just  across  the  town,  where  are 
buried  over  ten  thousand  Federal  soldiers. — Mrs.  R.  L. 
Nesbitt. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  109 


(Front) 

OUR    CONFEDERATE    DEAD 
WHOM    POWER    COULD    NOT    CORRUPT, 
WHOM    DEATH   COULD    NOT  TERRIFY, 
WHOM    DEFEAT  COULD    NOT    DISHONOR. 


THIS  MONUMENT  WAS  ERKCTED  BY 

THE  LADIES'  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 

NF.WNAN.   GA..   IN    HONOR  OP  THE 

271    SOLDIERS   BURIED  AT   THE 

CEMETERY. 

(East) 

1861-1865;. 

(North) 

IT    IS    NOT    IN   MORTALS 

TO  COMMAND  SUCCESS: 

BUT   THEY    DID    MORE.    DESERVED    IT. 


(West) 
ERECTED,     1885. 


110 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


NRWNAN.    G.\. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 
1885. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  111 


NEWNAN,  GA. 

The  Newnan  monument  is  in  the  street  at  the  north- 
east corner  of  the  public  square.  The  figure  of  the  sol- 
dier is  of  Carrara  marble ;  the  base  and  shaft  of  granite. 

This  is  a  type  of  monument  which  has  much  to  com- 
mend it.  The  designer  has  given  it  a  form  which  pleases 
the  sense  of  proportion.  The  harmony  of  proportion  is 
agreeable  to  the  eye.  There  is  in  this  base  and  shaft 
sufficient  massiveness  to  give  the  appearance  of  solidity. 

Things  that  are  designed  to  last  long  should  be  solid. 

It  has  also  the  merit  of  simplicity.  There  is  no  ex- 
cess of  adornment. 

This  monument  is  erected  in  commemoration  of  271 
soldiers  who  sleep  the  sleep  of  peace  in  the  Newnan 
Cemetery. 

The  Memorial  Association  which  built  it  was  organ- 
ized in  1870. 

They  were  eight  years  in  collecting  and  making  the 
money  to  pay  for  the  monument. — Helen  May  Long. 


ROME,    GA. 

Myrtle  Hill  Cemetery  contains  357  graves  of  Confed- 
erate dead ;  and  in  this  small  number  are  represented  all 
the  thirteen  States  of  the  Confederacy. 

The  graves  are  kept  well  sodded,  and  each  one  is 
marked  with  a  marble  slab  upon  which  is  the  name  and 
regiment  of  the  sleeping  hero,  except  where  the  word 
"  Unknown  "  tells  its  own  sad  story. 

On  Memorial  Day  each  year  the  Memorial  Association, 
the  mayor,  city  council  and  city  officials  in  a  body,  the 
public  schools,  the  firemen,  the  local  military  and  various 
other  organizations  join  in  a  procession,  and  with  band 


112          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

music  are  escorted  by  a  marshal,  with  mounted  aids,  in  a 
solemn  march  to  the  cemetery.  The  graves  are  then 
decorated  with  flowers,  an  address  is  delivered,  and  a 
parting  salute  is  fired  by  the  military. 

In  the  decoration,  the  graves  of  several  Federal  sol- 
diers who  lie  near  their  one-time  foes  receive  the  same 
attention  that  loving  hands  give  to  the  graves  of  the 
soldiers  of  the  Southland. 

At  the  same  time  the  ladies  of  the  Association  go  in  a 
body  and  place  flowers  on  the  graves  of  former  members 
who  are  buried  in  the  cemetery. 

"  Now  the  laborer's  task  is  o'er, 

Now  the  battle-day  is  past; 
Now  upon  the  farther  shore 
Lands  the  voyager  at  last. 
Father,  in  thy  gracious  keeping 

Leave  we  now  our  comrades  sleeping." 


ROME,  GA-. 

GOD'S    ACRE    ON    GOD'S    EVERLASTING    HILL 

One  radiant  October  day,  leaving  the  crowded  streets 
and  crossing  the  strong  iron  bridge  that  spans  the  turbid 
waters  of  the  Etowah  River,  I  slowly  climbed  the  marble 
steps  leading  to  Myrtle  Hill  Cemtery.  The  view  from 
here  is  magnificent.  Blue  hills,  blue  skies,  roseate  mists, 
the  river  silvering  in  sunlight,  and  gleaming  marble  all 
around.  The  traffic  of  the  streets,  the  hurry  and  rush 
of  life,  the  cry  of  a  fallen  brother,  float  up,  but  disturb 
not  the  peace  of  the  sleepers  on  the  hillside.  There  is  a 
solemn  beauty  in  this  white  "  city  set  on  a  hill."  That 
calm,  silent  host  seem  to  stand  sentinel  over  the  living, 
and  to  say  to  our  wayward,  restless  hearts :  "  Peace, 
be  still." 

One  unconsciously  lowers  the  voice  and  treads  more 
lightly,  feeling  that  this  is  indeed  sacred  ground.  Here 
on  the  very  crest  of  the  hill,  clearly  outlined  against  the 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  113 

azure  sky,  and  visible  from  all  parts  of  the  city,  stands 
the  monument  to  the  Confederate  dead  who  are  buried 
at  the  foot  of  the  hill.  It  is  massive  and  handsome, 
erected  by  the  womenj  of  Rome  in  memory  of  those  who 
died  in  defense  of  their  Sunny  South.  The  inscriptions 
are  fine  and  stir  the  blood. 

Seats  are  placed  all  around  the  monument  and  some 
one  is  nearly  always  to  be  found  here.  I  saw  an  old 
gentleman  with  the  rime  of  winter  upon  his  head,  hold- 
ing a  sturdy  laddie  by  the  hand.  He  would  read  aloud 
the  inscriptions  and  then  explain  them  to  the  child.  As 
I  listened  to  his  talk  and  watched  the  eager  face  of  the 
boy,  my  heart  echoed  gladly,  "  The  principles  for  which 
they  fought  can  never  die." 


At  the  foot  of  the  hill  in  their  last  calm  sleep, 
The  "  Boys  in  Gray "  lie  buried  deep ; 
Love  once  held  each  in  fond  embrace — 
Death  closed  the  eyes  and  veiled  the  face, 
Earth  never  again  might  see. 


Here  to  the  west,  where  the  sun's  rays  linger  longer, 
the  hundreds  of  marble  slabs  tell  their  own  sad  story. 
Many  touching  "  Unknown  "  stare  you  sadly  in  the  face. 
Some  have  the  name  given,  and  others  only  the  regiment 
in  which  they  fought  and  fell. 

Of  special  interest  to  me  was  one  marked  "  Ross  Vol- 
unteers." This  pathetic  "  Unknown,"  this  brave  sol- 
dier— from  my  own  loved  Texas,  lying  so  still  on  this 
far-off  hillside,  filled  my  heart  with  deep  sadness. 


"  By  the  flow  of  the  inland  river 
Where  the  blades  of  green  grass  quiver " 


asleep  lies  this  soldier  in  gray. 

As  I  looked  out  over  the  fair  homes  of  Rome,  set  upon 
her  seven  hills  and  busy  with  life's  wild  unrest  in  strange 


114  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


ROME,    GA. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 
APRIL    26,     1887. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  115 


(North) 
THIS    MONUMENT    IS    THE    TESTIMONY    OF    THE    PRESENT 

TO    THE    FUTURE 

THAT  THESE  WERE 

THEY  WHO  KEPT  THE  FAITH  AS   IT  WAS  GIVEN  THEM   BY 

THE    FATHERS. 

BE   IT  KNOWN   BY  THIS   TOKEN, 
THAT    THESE    MEN    WERE    TRUE   TO    THE   TRADITIONS    OF 

THEIR    LINEAGE; 
BOLD,    GENEROUS    AND    FREE; 

FIRM  IN  CONVICTION  OF  THEIR   RIGHT;     READY  AT   THEIR 
COUNTRY'S    CALL;     STEADFAST    IN    THEIR    DUTY; 

FAITHFUL    EVEN    IN    DESPAIR; 
AND    ILLUSTRATED    IN    THE    UNFLINCHING    HEROISM 

OF  THEIR   DEATHS, 
THE    FREE-BORN    COURAGE    OF    THEIR    LIVES. 


(West) 

HOW    WELL 
THEY    SERVED    THEIR    FAITH 

THEIR    PEOPLE    KNOW; 
A    THOUSAND    BATTLE-FIELDS    ATTEST;     DUNGEON 

AND    HOSPITAL    BEAR    WITNESS. 
TO    THEIR    SONS    THEY    LEFT    BUT    THEIR    HONOR    AND 

THEIR    COUNTRY. 
LET  THIS   STONE   FOREVER  WARN  THOSE   WHO   KEEP 

THESE    VALLEYS, 

THAT   ONLY   THEIR    SIRES   ARE    DEAD; 

THE    PRINCIPLES    FOR    WHICH    THEY    FOUGHT 

CAN   NEVER   DIE. 


(South) 

ERECTED    BY 

THE    LADIES'    MEMORIAL 

ASSOCIATION, 

ROME,    GA. 


116  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


(Front) 
C.   S.  A. 

(Flag) 

1861. 
ERECTED 

BY 

N.    B.    FORREST    CHAPTER 

UNITED    DAUGHTERS    OF    THE    CONFEDERACY, 
MAY    3RD, 

ipoS. 
N.   B.  FORREST. 

(Right) 

1865. 

"FORREST'S    CAPACITY    FOR    WAR    SEEMED    ONLY    TO    BE 
LIMITED    BY    THE    OPPORTUNITIES    FOR    ITS    DISPLAY." 

— General  Beauregard. 

"  HIS   CAVALRY   WILL  TRAVEL   A   HUNDRED    MILES   IN 
LESS  TIME  THAN   OURS  WILL  TEN." 

— General  W.  T.  Sherman. 

(Left) 
"  HE      POSSESSED      THAT      RARE      TACT,      UNLEARNABLE      FROM 

BOOKS,   WHICH 

ENABLED  HIM,  NOT  ONLY  EFFECTUALLY  TO  CONTROL  HIS  MEN, 
BUT    TO    ATTACH    THEM    TO    HIM    PERSONALLY,     '  WITH    HOOKS 

OF  STEEL.1  " 

— Wolseley. 

(Rear) 

ON  SUNDAY  MAY  3,  1863,  GEN.  NATHAN  BEDFORD  FORREST, 
BY  HIS  INDOMITABLE  WILL,  AFTER  A  RUNNING  FIGHT  OF  3 
DAYS  AND  NIGHTS,  WITH  410  MEN,  CAPTURED  COL.  A.  D. 
STREIGHT'S  RAIDERS,  NUMBERING  1600,  THEREBY  SAVING  ROME 
FROM  DESTRUCTION. 


117 


ROME,    GA. 

N.   B.   FORREST   MONUMENT. 
1908. 


118 


contrast  to  this  silent  city  of  the  dead,  at  the  bridge 
arching  above  the  dark  waters  of  the  river  across  which 
I  had  so  lately  come,  at  the  purple  hills  and  the  gorgeous 
realms  of  rose  and  gold  of  the  sunset,  a  fanciful  thought 
came  to  me.  The  spirit  of  the  sleepers  seemed  to 
whisper,  "  Once,  in  the  freshness  of  young  strength,  we 
too  walked  among  the  living.  For  love  of  duty,  at  our 
country's  call,  we  came  gladly  forth  from  the  thoughtless 
throng,  fought  the  battle  with  all  our  might,  even  to  the 
end.  Love  spanned  the  dark  river  of  death  with  the 
pure  white  bridge  of  Faith,  and  now  beyond  the  purple 
rim  of  sunset,  we  look  upon  the  Golden  City." 

The  solemn  peace  of  the  scene  fell  like  a  benediction 
upon  my  heart — 

And  I  smiled, 
Round  our  restlessness, 

His   rest. 

To    think    God's    greatness 
Flows  around  our  incompleteness. 

— Pearl  Hardy  Trammell,  in  the  Southern  Tribute. 


THE  FORREST  MONUMENT 

The  Forrest  monument  is  25  feet  high,  with  base  10 
feet  square.  The  whole  structure  is  of  granite  except 
the  statue,  which  is  of  purest  Carrara  marble,  6  feet  2 
inches  high,  the  exact  height  of  the  General. 

The  symbols  of  ornamentation  on  two  sides  of  the 
pedestal  suggest  the  cavalry  arm  of  the  service — short 
sword  and  bugle.  On  the  other  side,  flag  with  broken 
staff. 

The  monument  stands  on  Broad  Street,  the  main 
business  street  of  Rome.— Mattie  B.  Sheiblcy. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  119 


SAVANNAH,  GA. 

The  initial  work  in  the  erection  of  this  monument  was 
begun  in  1867;  the  corner  stone  was  laid  in  1874,  and  in 
1875  the  monument  was  unveiled. 

It  stands  in  the  center  of  the  Parade  Ground,  or  Park 
extension,*  the  lot  being  donated  by  the  city. 

As  the  sentiment  of  the  times  was  against  everything 
Northern,  it  was  decided  to  send  to  Canada  for  the 
monument,  and  a  design  was  furnished  by  Mr.  Robert 
Reid  of  Montreal.  In  style  it  is  modern  Italian.  It  is 
about  50  feet  in  height  from  the  base  to  the  crown  of 
the  figure  by  which  it  is  surmounted. 

The  east  and  west  panels  bear  the  inscriptions.  The 
north  panel  shows  a  figure  in  alto-relievo,  a  prostrate 
woman,  representing  the  South  in  mourning;  from  her 
left  hand  she  lets  fall  a  branch  of  laurel ;  in  one  corner  is 
a  group  of  weeping  willows. 

The  opposite  panel  is  left  vacant.  Above  the  panels 
is  a  rich  cornice. 

The  next  stage  was  originally  an  open  canopy  sup- 
ported by  pilasters,  underneath  which  was  a  marble 
statue  of  S-ilence,  but  this  was  removed  and  the  space 
filled  with  stone  to  strengthen  the  structure. 

Above  this  is  another  stage  deeply  recessed  and  molded, 
and  ornamented  with  draped  banners,  guns  and  sabers. 
The  topmost  panel  is  exquisitely  molded  and  forms  the 
base  upon  which  rests  the  crowning  figure. 

At  the  unveiling  the  address  was  delivered  by  the  Hon. 
Julian  Hartridge,  and  the  grand  marshal  of  the  occa- 
sion was  General  Joseph  E.  Johnston. 

In  1878  a  proposition  was  received  by  the  Savannah 
Memorial  Association  from  Mr.  G.  W.  J.  de  Renne,  of 
this  city,  to  remove  the  marble  figures  from  the  monu- 
ment and  place  a  bronze  figure  of  a  Confederate  soldier 
on  top,  the  statue  to  be  presented  by  himself.  This 
proposition  was  accepted,  and  the  bronze  statue,  a  work 


120 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


SAVANNAH,    GA. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

UNVEILED,    MAY     12, 

1875- 

of  art  costing  five  thousand  dollars,   was  presented  to 
the  ladies  to  be  placed  on  top  of  the  monument. 

With   this   generous   gift   came   from   Mr.    de   Renne 
this  following  beautiful  tribute  to  the  Confederate  soldier : 

SAVANNAH,  May  21,   1879. 
President  Ladies'  Memorial  Association: 

MADAM  : — In  pursuance  of  the  proposition  made  and 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  121 


(West) 

TO  THE 

CONFEDERATE    DEAD. 

ERECTED   BY   THE 
SAVANNAH    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION. 

"  COME  FROM  THE   FOUR  WINDS, 

OH,   BREATH, 

AND  BREATHE  UPON  THESE  SLAIN 
THAT  THEY   MAY   LIVE!  " 


accepted  in  April  of  last  year,  I  now  present  to  the  Asso- 
ciation a  large  statue  of  a  Confederate  soldier. 

It  represents  him  as  he  was — marked  with  the  marks 
of  service,  in  features,  form,  and  raiment;  a  man  who 
chose  rather  to  be  than  to  seem,  to  bear  hardship  rather 
than  to  complain  of  it ;  a  man  who  met  with  unflinching- 
firmness  the  fate  decreed  for  him,  to  suffer,  to  fight  and 
to  die  in  vain. 

I  offer  the  statue  as  a  tribute  to  the  men  of  the  Con- 
federate Army.  Without  name  or  fame  or  hope  of  gain 
they  did  the  duty  appointed  them  to  do. 

Now,  their  last  fight  fought,  their  sufferings  over,  they 
lie  in  scattered  graves  throughout  our  wide  Southern 
land,  at  rest  at  last,  returned  to  the  bosom  of  the  loved 
mother  they  valiantly  strove  to  defend.  According  to 
your  faith  believe  that  they  may  receive  their  reward  in 
the  world  to  come. 

They  had  none  on  earth. 

With  the  expression  of  my  profound  respect  for  those 
women  of  the  South  who,  true  to  the  dead,  have  sought 
to  save  their  memory  from  perishing,  I  am,  Madam, 
Very  Respectfully, 

G.  W.  J.  DE  RENNE. 


122  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

In  1 88 1  Mrs.  de  Renne  offered  to  place  a  wrought 
iron  railing  around  the  monument.  This  generous  offer 
was  accepted,  and  the  railing  put  in  place. 

One  of  the  marble  figures  removed  from  the  monument 
was  given  to  the  Thomasville  Memorial  Association,  and 
the  other,  the  figure  of  Silence,  was  placed  on  a  handsome 
pedestal  donated  by  Captain  H.  J.  Dickerson,  in  the  Sol- 
diers' Lot  in  Laurel  Grove  Cemetery,  and  inscribed 

TO  THE  MEN  OF  GETTYSBURG. 

The  monument  was  constructed  of  Canada  sandstone, 
with  white  marble  figures,  and  cost  twenty  thousand  dol- 
lars; the  customs  duties  on  it,  to  bring  it  into  this  coun- 
try, were  six  thousand  dollars ;  this,  with  the  cost  of  the 
bronze  figure,  afterwards  donated,  five  thousand  dollars, 
brings  the  actual  cost  of  the  monument  to  thirty-one 
thousand  dollars. — Mrs.  G.  W .  Lamar. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  123 


WEST  POINT,  GA. 

The  West  Point  monument  is  on  the  public  square. 
It  is  built  of  Georgia  marble,  surrounded  with  a  fence  of 
iron  rods,  with  corner-posts  and  coping  of  gray  and 
white  marble. 

It  was  built  by  the  Fort  Tyler  Chapter  of  the  Daugh- 
ters of  the  Confederacy. — Mrs.  W .  Trox  Bankston. 

In  her  address  of  welcome  to  the  Georgia  Division, 
U.  D.  C.,  November,  1909,  Mrs.  W.  B.  Higginbotham, 
President  of  Fort  Tyler  Chapter,  said : 

"  Just  across  the  river  on  the  east  side  stands  our 
Confederate  monument  which  every  child  attending  our 
public  school  must  pass.  It  teaches  silently  its  lessons 
of  noble  deeds  and  courage  to  the  men  and  women  of  the 
future.  A  little  further  northeast  is  our  Soldiers'  Ceme- 
tery, where  rest  the  bodies  of  General  Tyler,  Captain 
Gonzales,  and  other  noble  braves,  each  of  the  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty-five  graves  marked  by  head-  and  foot- 
stones. 

"  On  the  northwest  of  our  city  is  Fort  Tyler,  for  which 
our  chapter  was  named,  and  which  is  distinguished  as 
being  the  last  fort  to  surrender  to  the  enemy.  Its  his- 
tory is  doubtless  familiar  to  most  of  you ;  but  it  will 
bear  retelling,  for  like  the  song  of  the  lark,  it  never 
grows  old  with  oft  repetition,  but  thrills  the  Southern 
heart  each  time  it  is  heard. 

"  The  bare  facts  are  enough,  for  great  deeds  can  never 
die ;  they,  like  the  sun  and  moon,  renew  their  youth,  and 
the  deeds  of  April  16,  1865,  will  live  forever.  The  facts 
are:  Brigadier-General  Robert  C.  Tyler,  of  Tennessee, 
was  wounded  at  Missionary  Ridge,  and,  being  unfitted 
by  his  wounds  for  active  service,  was  put  in  command 
of  the  post  here,  and  the  fort  was  named  in  his  honor. 
The  ladies  of  the  town  presented  to  him  a  beautiful  silk 
flag,  in  accepting  which  he  said  he  would  defend  it  and 
its  fair  donors  with  his  life. 


HISTORIC     M  O  N  U  M  E  N  T  S 


WEST    POINT,    GA. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

MAY    23,     i  go  i. 


HISTORIC     MO  NU  ME  NTS  125 


(North) 

FORT    TYLER 
CHAPTER 
U.    D.    C. 

(South) 

LAUREL  CROSSED 

WREATH.  GUNS. 

(East) 

A  TRIBUTE  OF  LOVE 

FROM  THE  WOMEN 

OF  THE  SOUTH 

TO  THE  HEROES 

OF  THE  CONFEDERACY. 

(West) 

MORE  ENDURING  THAN  MARBLE 
SHALL  BE  THE  MEMORY  OF  THE 
CONFEDERATE  PATRIOT  IN 
WHOSE  LIFE  FIDELITY  TO  PRIN- 
CIPLE FOUND  LOFTIEST  EXPRES- 
SION. 


"  On  Sunday  morning,  April  16,  1865,  the  enemy, 
more  than  three  thousand  strong,  advanced  from  the 
south.  Not  having  heard  of  General  Lee's  surrender 
at  Appomattox  on  April  9,  all  available  soldiers,  a  part 
of  Wailet's  Battery,  old  men  and  young  boys,  only  one 
hundred  and  twenty-one  all  told,  were  collected  in  the 
fort. 

"  From  ten  o'clock  in  the  morning  until  six  o'clock 
in  the  afternoon  the  unequal  conflict  raged.  General 
Tyler  was  killed,  Captain  Gonzales,  next  in  command, 


126          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

was  mortally  wounded,  ammunition  gave  out,  and  Col- 
onel -J.  H.  Fannin  (a  brave,  noble  man,  recently  called 
to  join  his  comrades  on  the  other  shore),  seeing  the 
uselessness  of  further  resistance,  had  the  white  flag 
hoisted,  and  the  sun  went  down  and  the  light  went  out 
in  many  homes  both  North  and  South.  That  was  forty- 
four  years  ago. 

"  The  united  country  is  now  at  peace.  Peace  and 
prosperity  prevail.  But  to  Fort  Tyler  Chapter,  U.  D,  C., 
the  darkness  of  that  day  is  holy.  To  us  it  has  become  a 
thing  of  beauty,  an  inspiration  to  all  that  is  noble  and 
heroic,  a  sacred  memory. 

"  At  sunset  this  evening  stand  on  the  bridge  which 
spans  our  river  and  behold  a  scene  worthy  of  any  artist's 
brush.  Turn  your  eyes  eastward  and  see  our  Confed- 
erate monument  and  remember  for  what  it  stands ;  then 
northwest  and  see  Fort  Tyler,  grand,  glorious,  immortal 
Fort  Tyler :  then  look  into  our  hearts  and  see  how  glad, 
how  happy,  and  how  proud  we  are  to  have  you  with  us." 


KENTUCKY 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  129 


KENTUCKY'S    CAVALIER 

Dedicated  to  Mrs.  Basil  Duke,  Honorary  President  Kentucky  Divi- 
sion United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy. 

He  rode  beyond  the  line  of  light, 

A  brother  dear  in  suit  of  gray; 

Into  the  midst  of  dire  dismay — 
Into  the  thickest  of  the  fight, 

Without  one  sign  of  doubt  or  fear, 

Our  brave  Kentucky  Cavalier. 

He  fought  for  home  and  liberty, 

The  holiest  purpose  life  could  give ; 

He  died  that  "  Southern  rights  "  might  live, 
A  sacred  shrine  to  memory 

From  broken  heart  and  scalding  tear 

He  passed — Kentucky's  Cavalier. 

We'll  build  him  stately  monument, 

That  generations  yet  may  learn 

The  lesson  taught  from  martial  urn — 
This  blessed  peace  has  brought  content. 

Under  bluegrass,  and  skies  so  clear, 

Rests  our  Kentucky  Cavalier. 

— NELLIE  STEDMAN  Cox. 


130 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  131 


IN    MEMORY    OF    EIGHT    UNKNOWN 
CONFEDERATE    SOLDIERS. 
KILLED    AT    AUGUSTA,    KY.. 
SEPT.  27,   1862. 


AUGUSTA,  KY. 

• 

Your  letter  addressed  to  Mrs.  Thomas  J.  Chenoweth, 
Maysville,  Ky.,  in  reference  to  monument  at  this  place, 
was  forwarded  by  her  to  me  with  request  that  I  furnish 
the  data.  I  will  gladly  do  so.  I  want  you  to  give  the 
credit  to  the  greatest  and  best  lady  in  old  Kentucky, 
Mrs.  Thomas  J.  Chenoweth.  She  is  a  great  favorite 
with  all  Confederates  who  know  her. 

I  send  you  a  photo  of  the  monument.  It  was  built 
by  John  S.  Bradley,  Commander  John  B.  Hood  Camp, 
233 ;  J.  R.  Wilson,  Adjutant,  L.  P.  Knoedler,  John 
Byar,  J-  T.  Dunbar,  and  our  lady  friends,  in  1903.  Cost 
$550- 

The  monument  is  in  Bradley  Cemetery,  in  city  limits, 
about  forty  feet  from  the  Augusta  and  Cynthiana  pike, 
in  a  conspicuous  position.  This  monument  is  not  a  tow- 
ering shaft,  but  a  simple,  substantial  tribute  to  the  eight 
brave  souls  who  gave  their  lives  to  the  cause  of  the  South 
— eight  loyal  heroes  who  laid  down  their  lives  that  their 
country  might  live.  Fate  was  unkind  to  them  in  that 
posterity  has  been  unable  to  identify  them  and  place  their 
names  on  the  scroll  of  fame,  but  such  meed  of  praise  as 
we  can  give  we  have  attempted  to  testify  in  the  stone 
that  marks  their  last  resting-place. 
Fraternally, 

JOHN  S.  BRADLEY 


132  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


BARDSTOWN,    KY. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1906. 


BARDSTOWN,  KY. 

This  handsome  shaft  of  white  bronze  was  erected  by 
the  Memorial  Association  of  Bardstown,  in  memory  of 
sixty-seven  brave  men,  buried  here,  who  lost  their  lives 
in  the  service  of  the  Confederate  government.  It  stands 
on  the  front  part  of  the  Confederate  lot  in  the  Bards- 
town  Cemetery. 

On  the  summit  is  the  figure  of  a  Confederate  infantry 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  133 


(Inscriptions) 

LORD  GOD   OF  HOSTS,   BE  WITH   US   YET; 
LEST   WE   FORGET,   LEST   WE   FORGET. 

MARBLE  TELLS   NOT  OF  THEIR   VALOR'S   WORTH, 
NAMELESS,   THEY   REST   IN  QUIET   EARTH. 

WE   CARE   NOT   WHENCE  THEY   CAME, 

DEAR  IS  THEIR  LIFELESS  CLAY; 

WHETHER  UNKNOWN,  OR  KNOWN  TO  FAME, 

THEIR    CAUSE    AND    COUNTRY    STILL   THE    SAME, 

THEY    DIED    AND    WORE    THE    GRAY. 


soldier,  fully  equipped,  resting  on  his  gun.  Beneath  his 
feet,  in  bas-relief,  is  a  fine  medallion  of  the  beloved  leader, 
Robert  E.  Lee.  The  various  sides  of  the  monument 
have  designs  of  crossed  swords,  cannons  and  guns 
stacked.  Garlands  of  roses  are  intertwined  about  the 
tablets.  The  Camp  U.  C.  V.,  and  the  Crepps  Wickliffe 
Chapter,  U.  D.  C.,  are  the  caretakers  for  the  monument. 

We  learn  that  especial  credit  is  due  to  Mrs.  A.  B. 
Baldwin  and  to  Mr.  A.  B.  Baldwin  for  their  liberality 
and  work  in  the  building  of  this  monument. 

There  are  sixty-seven  brave  men  buried  here. — Mrs. 
S.  Baldwin  Newman. 


"  Good,  generous  old  Kentucky, 
How  can  her  love  be  told? 
She  kept  her  dross  unto  herself 
And  gave  the  South  her  gold." 


134 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


BOWLING  GREEN,  KY. 

The  dedication  took  place  May  3,  1876,  and  it  was  a 
memorable  occasion,  twelve  or  fifteen  thousand  people 
being  present.  Federal  soldiers  united  with  Confeder- 
ates in  the  ceremonies 
and  in  the  decorations. 
This  monument  is  one 
of  the  earlier  memo- 
rials to  the  heroes  of 
the  South.  The  design 
is  modest  and  chaste, 
and  the  base  bears  the 
following  inscription : 


ERECTED  BY  THE  WARREN 

COUNTY    MONUMENTAL 

ASSOCIATION. 


In  the  erection  of  the 
monument  our  labor  of 
love  did  not  cease,  for 
annually  on  our  Me- 
morial Day  the  graves 
of  the  sleeping  brave 
are  garlanded  with 
flowers  and  bedecked 
with  flags. 


BOWLING    GREEN,    KY. 
CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT. 
1876. 


The  monument  is  in  Fairview  Cemetery,  where  near  a 
marble  shaft  that  speaks  eloquently  of  their  heroic  deeds 
sleep  five  hundred  of  the  "  Boys  in  Gray." 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  135 


CYNTHIANA,   KY. 

This  exquisitely  tasteful  monument  of  Italian  marble 
is  25  feet  in  height,  with  base  of  4  feet  10  inches,  and  is 
surrounded  by  the  graves  of  forty-seven  soldiers,  the 
headstones  turned  in  a  Confederate  circle. 

The  cemetery  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  Ken- 
tucky. It  is  situated  on  a  high  point  overlooking  the 
city.  The  entrance  has  large  stone  pillars  with  an  im- 
posing three-story  brick  keeper's  home.  Lovely  drives 
and  trees  with  much  shrubbery  and  flowers  enhance 
the  beauty  of  the  scene. 

The  forty-seven  soldiers  were  first  buried  in  the  old 
cemetery,  afterward  transferred  to  the  new  cemetery, 
located  where  Morgan's  second  battle  was  fought  and 
from  which  it  received  its  name  of  Battle  Grove  Ceme- 
tery.— Nancy  McLoney. 

A  veteran  gives  the  history  of  Cynthiana  monument : 

''  We  think  ours  is  the  first  Confederate  monument  ever 
erected,  date  of  erection,  May,  1869.  It  was  manufac- 
tured and  erected  by  Muldoon  &  Co.,  Louisville.  You 
will  observe  that  Cynthiana  heads  the  list  of  monuments 
they  have  erected  (by  enclosed  list).  This  is  the  reason 
that  I  think  we  were  the  first  \p  erect  a  monument  to  our 
dead. 

"  We  were  all  too  poor  to  do  much  in  that  line  at  that 
early  date.  The  wolf  and  the  Yankee  were  both  after 
us.  We  chose  our  inscription  for  the  monument,  as 
you  see  it,  but  it  was  not  inscribed  thereon  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  after.  We  were  deterred  by  the  persecu- 
tions of  our  friends  in  the  farther  South  and  the  con- 
tinued waving  of  the  bloody  shirt  by  our  friends,  the 
enemy.  But  as  reason  resumed  its  sway,  the  monument 
has  the  inscriptions  now." 

I  invited  many  distinguished  men  to  the  unveiling  and 


136 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  137 


(front) 

KRECTED    MAY   27,    1869,    BY   THE 
CYNTHIANA    CONFEDERATE    MEMO- 
RIAL  ASSOCIATION    IN    MEMORY 

OF  THE  CONFEDERATE   DEAD 
WHO   FELL  IN   DEFENSE  OF   CON- 
STITUTIONAL  LIBERTY. 


(Rear) 

THEIR  NAMES   SHALL  NEVER   BE   FORGOT, 
WHILE   FAME   HER   RECORDS   KEEPS 
AND   GLORY  GUARDS  THE  HALLOWED  SPOT 
WHERE    VALOR    PROUDLY    SLEEPS. 


dedication.     Among-  the  number  was  General  Robert  E. 
Lee. 

I  have  his  letter  declining  to  be  present,  framed.  I 
have  also  had  it  photographed.  If  you  would  like  a 
photographic  copy  I  will  take  pleasure  in  sending  it  to 
you  without  cost. 

You  will  pardon  my  miserable  scrawl.  I  am  seventy- 
eight  years  old  and  quite  shaky,  and  a  little  blind.  Can't 
trace  lines  very  well. 

Very  respectfully, 

A.  J.  BEALE. 

Mr.  Beale  was  in  the  Confederate  army,  captain  of 
Company  D,  Ninth  Kentucky  Infantry,  in  the  famous 
Orphan  Brigade. 


138          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


OUR 
CONFEDERATE    DEAD 


TO    FIGHT   IN   A  JUST   CAUSE 
FOR  OUR  COUNTRY'S  GLORY  IS 
THE  BEST  OFFICE  OF  THE  BEST 
MEN. 


HARRODSBURG,  KY. 

The  inscriptions  that  mark  the  graves  of  these  brave 
unknowns  are  as  here. 

In  Spring  Hill  Cemetery,  in  a  lot  set  aside  for  the 
purpose,  thirty-six  Confederate  soldiers  lie  buried.  Of 
this  number  fourteen  are  marked  "  Unknown,"  their 
graves  having  been  found  on  the  old  "  Graham  Springs  " 
property  and  their  bodies  disinterred  and  moved  to  this 
lot. 

In  the  cemetery  at  Harrodsburg  are  the  graves  of 
ninety-six  Confederate  soldiers  from :  Alabama,  3 ;  Ar- 
kansas, 2;  Florida,  4;  Georgia,  15;  Kentucky,  2;  Louis- 
iana, 2;  Mississippi,  17;  North  Carolina,  i;  Tennessee, 
36;  others,  14. 

This  list  was  collected  with  great  labor  by  a  Southern 
woman  immediately  after  the  war  and  by  her  preserved. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  139 


HARRODSBURG,    KY. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1902. 


The  monument  in  honor  of  these  soldiers  stands  in  the 
cemetery.  It  is  bnilt  of  granite.  The  harmony  of  pro- 
portion exists  between  the  height  of  the  monument  and 
the  size  of  the  statue  of  Confederate  soldier  which  is 
on  the  pedestal.  The  statue  itself  is  8  feet  high. 


140          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


LEXINGTON,  KY. 

This  equestrian  monument  to  the  memory  of  John 
Hunt  Morgan  is  to  stand  in  the  court-house  plaza.  It 
is  a  bronze  statue,  the  horse  standing  20  hands  high,  and 
the  figure  7  feet.  It  is  imposed  on  a  base  1 1  feet  high. 
Morgan  was  born  at  Huntsville,  Ala.,  but  removed  to 
Lexington  when  four  years  of  age.  He  was  killed  at 
Greenville,  Tenn.,  Sept.  4,  1864. 

In  order  to  judge  correctly  a  work  of  art  it  is  neces- 
sary to  get  the  artist's  point  of  view  in  the  representation. 
In  the  case  of  this  admirable  piece  of  work  we  have  the 
pleasure  of  presenting  Mr.  Coppini's  own  interpretation. 
He  writes : 

"  General  Morgan's  success  depended  in  great  meas- 
ure upon  the  quality  of  the  horses  on  which  his  men  were 
mounted.  It  was  the  best  mounted  body  of  cavalry  the 
world  had  ever  seen.  It  was  owing  to  the  endurance 
and  swiftness  of  that  type  of  saddle  horse  that  General 
Morgan  could  do  so  much  damage  to  the  Yankees  and 
get  away  so  quick  as  to  have  the  reputation  of  being  in 
two -places  at  the  same  time. 

"  It  was  my  effort  to  produce  the  kind  of  horse  General 
Morgan's  men  used  to  ride. 

"  The  horse  is  listening  to  a  body  of  cavalry  away  off 
in  the  distance.  General  Morgan  is  undecided  whether 
to  go  forward  or  retreat :  is  studying  the  situation  and 
maybe  the  number  of  the  enemy  against  him.  '  What 
shall  be  done?  ' 

"  That  is  the  conception ;  and  the  man  shows  a  sense 
of  responsibility,  but  no  fear;  while  the  horse  is  in  a 
poise  ready  to  obey  orders.  Both  are  game ;  both  should 
be  great;  both  should  be  Kentuckians;  that  was  my 
aim." 

The  picture  and  data  were  furnished  by  Mrs.  E.  D. 
Potts. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


141 


142 


HISTORIC     M  O  N  U  M  E  N  T  S 


OWKNSBORO.  KY. 
CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT. 

iqoo. 


OWENSBORO,  KY. 

Our  monument  stands  in  southwest  corner  of  Court 
House  square,  the  ground  being  deeded  to  John  C. 
Breckinridge  Chapter  by  the  county. 

The  monument  was  designed  by  George  Julian  Zolnay. 

It  is  built  of  Virginia  granite ;  the  base  is  9  feet  square, 
the  height,  including  statue,  15  feet.  The  statue  is  of 
bronze,  heroic  size. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  143 


TO 

OUR 

CONFEDERATE 
HEROES. 
1861-1865. 

1900. 

ERECTED    BY   THE 

JOHN  C.   BRECKINRIDGE  CHAPTER, 

U.  D.  C. 


The  monument  is  an  artistic  one,  the  figure  of  the  sol- 
dier being  full  of  animation  and  life — just  like  the  Con- 
federate soldier — standing  on  a  well-proportioned  pedes- 
tal of  Southern  granite. — Catherine  Carrigan. 


KENTUCKY  CONFEDERATE  HOME 

DEDICATION  OF  NEW   BUILDINGS — DIVISION   REUNION 

The  State  of  Kentucky  has  shown  most  abundant  lib- 
erality in  its  provision  for  the  comfort  and  convenience 
of  the  inmates  of  the  Kentucky  Confederate  Home. 
Organized  in  1902,  it  is  now  claimed  to  be  the  best- 
equipped  home  for  Confederate  invalids  in  the  South. 

The  last  Legislature  of  Kentucky  appropriated  fifty- 
seven  thousand  dollars  for  additional  buildings,  includ- 
ing a  new  infirmary.  When  the  Home  was  originally 
organized,  in  1902,  the  Confederates  of  Kentucky  and 
their  friends  purchased  for  the  Home  Villa  Ridge  Inn, 
at  Pewee  Valley,  a  recently  built  and  modern  equipped 
building,  containing  one  hundred  rooms  already  fur- 
nished. 


144 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


OWINGSVILLE,    KY. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1907. 


OWINGSVILLE,  KY. 

"  In  the  course  of  human  events — things  come  to  those 
who  wait  "  — that  is,  if  they  wait  long  enough.  The  Bath 
County  Chapter  can  verify  the  truth  of  this  statement; 
for  after  ten  years  of  toil  that  for  which  we  waited  came. 
In  other  words,  our  monument  is  done  and  to-day  stands 


145 


Inscription. 

THE   CONFEDERATE   SOLDIERS 

OF  BATH   COUNTY,  KY. 

1861-1865. 


in  the  Owingsville  Cemetery,  an  honor  to  the  "  men  in 
gray  "  and  a  credit  to  the  women  who  have  made  it  pos- 
sible. 

The  monument  is  14  feet  high,  of  Bedford  limestone. 
The  pedestal  has  crossed  guns  and  swords  on  one  side 
and  a  Confederate  flag  on  the  other. 

On  the  pedestal  is  a  soldier  6  feet  tall.  He  stands  near 
an  old  stump,  leaning  on  his  gun,  his  slouch  hat  pulled 
down  over  his  eyes.  He  wears  a  short  jacket  and  split 
leather  shoes,  home-knit  yarn  socks  and  ribbed  trousers. 
Thus  he  stands  a  true  type  of  the  Southern  soldier,  and 
a  fitting  monument  to  the  cause. — Mrs.  Alex.  Conner, 
Historian. 


The  respect  which  the  men  of  the  two  armies  had  for 
the  others  was  born  of  hard  blows — the  mutual  respect 
which  each  side  pounded  into  the  other  on  the  firing 
line. 

The  commingling  of  the  blood  of  the  heroes  on  both 
sides  on  a  hundred  battlefields  taught  a  lesson  in  charity 
not  to  be  found  in  the  political  creeds  and  philosophies. 

This  is  the  old  soldier's  solution,  and  he  thinks  it  is  the 
true  one. — Gantt. 


146          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


PEWEE  VALLEY,  KY. 

The  Pewee  Valley  Monument  is  a  neat,  symmetrical 
shaft  of  white  bronze,  12  feet  high  and  4  feet  square  at 
the  base.  It  is  on  a  mound  3  feet  high,  sloping  to  a 
base  24  feet  across,  with  gravel  walk  around  the  mound. 

(.Inscription) 
ERECTED 

BY 
BISCOE  HINDMAN, 

JUNE,    1904, 

IN   MEMORY   OF 

OUR    CONFEDERATE    DEAD. 


The  monument  stands  in  the  center  of  a  triangular 
lot,  190  feet  by  140,  in  the  Pewee  Valley  Cemetery. 
About  eighty  men  who  have  died  in  the  Confederate 
Home  are  buried  in  this  lot.  The  lot  belongs  to  the 
Confederate  Home. 

I  love  this  monument  specially  well,  because,  with  Col- 
onel Bennett  H.  Young,  I  solicited  it  of  Colonel  Hind- 
man,  who  is  a  son  of  the  Confederate  General  Hindman 
of  Arkansas,  and  who  was  at  that  time  commander  of 
the  S.  C.  V.  It  devolved  upon  me  to  select  the  monu- 
ment, design  the  flags,  inscriptions,  etc.  I  supervised 
entirely  the  building  of  the  mound,  placing  of  the  monu- 
ment, and  planned  all  decorations  and  arrangements  for 
its  dedication  in  June,  1904,  Colonel  Hindman  hurrying 
home  from  the  U.  C.  V.  reunion  just  in  time  for  the  cere- 
monies. On  the  mound  I  had  in  large  letters  made  of 
white  daisies,  "  God  bless  our  loved  ones."  The  decora- 
tions were  much  more  beautiful  than  they  show  in  the 
picture. — Florence  Barlow. 

There  are  about  eighty  men  here  at  rest. 

The  erection  of  this  monument  was  due  to  a  pathetic 


148          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

incident.  Some  months  ago  when  one  of  the  old  soldiers 
was  dying  at  the  Home  he  was  asked  where  he  desired 
to  be  buried,  and  he  replied  :  "  Just  put  me  over  with 
the  other  boys  in  the  cemetery  here."  As  grave  after 
grave  was  added  to  the  Confederate  lot  in  Pewee  Val- 
ley Cemetery,  it  was  thought  that  a  monument  for  these 
brave  men  would  be  a  fitting  recognition  of  their  valor 
and  courage.  General  Bennett  H.  Young  was  talking 
to  Colonel  Hindman  about  the  Home,  and  incidentally 
mentioned  the  above  pathetic  incident,  when  Colonel 
Hindman  immediately  remarked  that  he  would  consider 
it  a  privilege  and  an  honor  to  be  permitted  to  erect  the 
monument,  and  directed  General  Young  to  go  ahead  and 
put  up  the  monument  and  send  him  the  bill.  As  a  result 
Colonel  Hindman  presented  the  monument  in  a  graceful 
address,  in  which  he  paid  high  tribute  to  the  brave  men 
before  him  and  the  cause  they  represented.  He  claimed 
the  right  to  call  them  comrades  by  inheritance,  saying: 
"  Because  he  whose  name  I  bear,  and  whom  I  honor 
above  men,  drew  his  sword — stainless  like  the  sword  of 
Robert  Lee — in  defense  of  his  country  and  poured  out 
his  blood  at  Chickamauga  and  Shiloh,  I  thank  God  that 
I  am  permitted  the  high  privilege  of  presenting  this 
monument  to-day  to  my  father's  comrades  for  the  brave 
soldiers  of  the  Kentucky  Confederate  Home.  We  sing 
the  praises  of  the  Southern  soldiers,  won  on  many  a 
glorious  field,  where  their  victories  were  ever  tempered 
with  mercy,  and  where  they  were  ever  magnanimous  to 
the  foe.  With  equal  pride  they  sing  their  defeats,  which 
only  served  to  add  still  greater  luster  to  the  laurels  that 
circle  round  their  names.  Though  the  Southern  soldiers 
fought  an  army  with  superior  munitions  of  war  and  with 
far  greater  numbers  and  resources,  it  is  remarkable  how 
few  times  the  starry  cross  went  down  in  defeat,  and  this 
is  no  detraction  from  the  glory  of  the  brave  men  who 
fought  under  the  stars  and  stripes.  The  bravest  victors 
at  Inkerman  or  Albuera.  at  Worth  or  Gravelotte,  at 
Marengo  or  Waterloo,  at  Shiloh,  or  Chickamauga  or  Fred- 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  149 


KENTUCKY    MONUMENT, 
CHICKAMAUGA   PARK, 

TENNESSEE. 


150  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

ericksburg,  or  Spottsylvania  or  the  Wilderness,  or  Perry- 
ville  or  Prairie  Grove,  might  well  envy  the  glory  of  Pick- 
ett's  defeat  at  Gettysburg !  "  Colonel  Hindman  paid  elo- 
quent tribute  to  the  brave  men  who  gave  up  their  lives 
on  the  altar  of  their  country  in  Northern  prisons,  where 
he  said  "  thousands  sleep  in  unmarked  graves,  while 
others  have  the  simple  word  '  unknown  '  engraved  above 
their  heads ;  but  beneath  that  word  is  also  written  '  Con- 
federate soldier.'  Their  brave  struggles  against  cold  and 
hunger  fill  our  hearts  with  sadness  and  sorrow,  but  in- 
crease our  admiration  and  love  for  those  heroic  men  who 
in  dungeon  walls,  with  scarcely  any  clothing  to  protect 
them  against  the  rigors  of  Northern  winters,  and  with 
hunger  gnawing  at  their  vitals,  yet,  like  the  immortal 
god  Prometheus,  refused  to  unbend  their  manhood  to 
superior  force,  and  did  not  shrink  from  sacrificing  their 
lives  rather  than  forsake  their  country  or  be  false  to  their 
sacred  cause." 


LOUISIANA 


HISTORIC     M  O  N  U  M  E  N  T  S  153 


LEE   MONUMENT— LEE   CIRCLE 
NEW    ORLEANS 

Lee  Monument  stands  in  Lee  Circle,  one  of  the  most 
central  points  in  the  city  of  New  Orleans,  from  which 
radiates  several  of-  its  rnost  beautiful  avenues  and  streets. 
Along-  these  and  over  the  thousands  of  Confederate  homes 
that  line  them  the  majestic  statue  of  Robert  E.  Lee  that 
surmounts  it,  looks  down  upon  the  metropolis  of  the 
South. 

The  monument  is  a  Doric  column  of  marble  106.8  feet 
high,  7.2  in  diameter  at  the  base,  tapering  to  5.6  under 
the  capita,  with  spiral  stairs  interiorly  that  lead  to  a 
compartment  just  beneath  the  statue,  where  apertures 
allow  of  an  extended  view  of  the  city. 

The  pillar  rests  on  a  shelved  pyramid  of  granite  that 
rises  from  a  mound  sloping  off  around  to  the  circumfer- 
ence of  the  circle,  which  is  188  feet  in  diameter.  The 
statue  is  of  bronze,  fifteen  feet  high.  It  was  designed  by 
a  (then)  young  sculptor,  Alexander  C.  Doyle,  of  New 
York,  and  its  plaster  model  was  executed  by  him  in  New 
Orleans  under  the  eyes  of  the  officers  and  directors  of 
the  Robert  E.  Lee  Monumental  Association  of  New 
Orleans.  The  general  design  of  the  monument  was  pre- 
pared by  a  distinguished  home  architect  and  old  Con- 
federate soldier.  Captain  John  Roy. 

The  Robert  E.  Lee  Monumental  Association  of  New 
Orleans,  under  whose  auspices  and  by  whose  endeavors 
it  was  undertaken  and  erected,  "  had  its  origin  in  that 
grand  outburst  of  tributary  grief  at  the  death  of  Lee, 
which,  while  it  covered  his  tomb  with  votive  offerings  of 
the  good  and  wise  of  all  civilized  nations,  prostrated  the 
people  of  the  Southern  States  of  this  Union  in  peculiar 
and  unutterable  woe."  The  association  was  organized 
November  16,  1870,  with  the  following  officers:  William 
M.  Perkins,  President;  General  G.  T.  Beauregard,  First 
Vice-President ;  Colonel  A.  W.  Bosworth,  Second  Vice- 


154-          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


ROBERT   E.    LEE. 


155 


President;  W.  S.  Pike,  Treasurer;  Thomas  J.  Beck,  Re- 
cording Secretary;  Colonel  James  Strawbridge,  Corre- 
sponding Secretary.  Twenty-one  other  prominent  citi- 
zens composed  the  Board  of  Directors. 

Those  were  dark  days  with  every  citizen  of  Louisiana, 
and  poverty  and  anxiety  sat  by  every  honest  hearthstone 
in  New  Orleans.  Subscriptions  came,  but  not  as  the 
hearts  of  the  people  would  have  given  if  able,  and  the 
enterprise  languished.  In  1876  the  overthrow  of  radi- 
calism and  negro  rule  in  Louisiana  was  about  accom- 
plished.' There  was  a  rift  in  the  dark  cloud  that  hung 
like  a  pall  upon  New  Orleans,  and  a  reorganization  of 
the  association  was  effected  on  the  i8th  of  February  of 
that  year.  Eleven  members  of  the  first  board  had  died 
in  the  meantime,  and  the  following  officers  were  then 
selected :  Captain  Charles  E.  Fenner,  President ;  Gen- 
eral G.  T.  Beauregard,  First  Vice-President;  M.  Musson, 
Second  Vice-President ;  S.  H.  Kennedy,  Treasurer;  W. 
I.  Hodgson,  Recording  Secretary;  Colonel  William  M. 
Owen,  Corresponding  Secretary.  With  these  were 
twenty  representative  citizens  of  New  Orleans  as  direc- 
tors. Colonel  E.  A.  Palfrey  was  made  Chairman  of  the 
Building  Committee.  The  fund  that  had  been  accumu- 
lated by  the  first  efforts  of  the  founders  of  the  associ- 
ation was  now  steadily  increased  in  volume,  and  the 
board  determined  to  begin  the  monument  as  the  best 
means  of  assuring  its  completion.  The  contract  for  the 
foundation  and  mound  of  earth,  made  with  Mr.  John 
Roy,  provided  that  his  work  should  progress  just  as  fast 
as  the  means  of  the  association  would  allow,  stopping 
when  the  treasury  was  empty  and  proceeding  when  it 
was  replenished.  Thus,  surely,  though  slowly,  stone  was 
piled  upon  stone,  until,  when  the  capstone  was  set  upon 
the  lofty  pillar,  the  whole  was  paid  for. 

When  the  statue  was  completed  the  board  selected  the 
anniversary  of  the  birth  of  Washington,  February  22. 
1884,  as  an  appropriate  occasion  for  the  ceremonies  of 
unveiling.  The  day  was  made  a  great  one  in  the  annals 


156 


of  the  city.  Among  the  many  distinguished  persons  in 
attendance  were  the  President  of  the  Confederate  States, 
Jefferson  Davis,  his  daughters,  and  Misses  Mary  and 
Mildred  Lee,  daughters  of  the  great  soldier  and  patriot 
in  whose  honor  the  monument  was  erected.  The  Asso- 
ciations of  the  Armies  of  Northern  Virginia  and  Ten- 
nessee, the  militia  of  the  State,  and  a  large  delegation 
from  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  honored  the  occa- 
sion by  their  presence.  After  delivering  a  magnificent 
address  the  President  presented  the  monument  to  the  city 
of  New  Orleans  through  its  Mayor,  General  W.  J.  Behan. 
Bishop  Galleher,  of  the  Episcopal  Church  of  Louisiana, 
pronounced  the  benediction  on  the  work.  The  Battalion 
of  Washington  Artillery  fired  the  salute  of  one  hundred 
guns. 

The  whole  work  has  cost  over  $30,000.  The  city  has 
recently  appropriated  some  $6000  for  repairs  to  the  base 
and  mound,  and  these  will  soon  be  carried  out.  The 
monument  casts  its  shadow  upon  Memorial  Hall,  which 
rises  near  by,  preserving  in  its  sacred  precincts  over  eight 
thousand  of  the'most  precious  war  relics  and  mementos 
of  the  South,  among  which  are  several  given  by  the 
daughters  of  the  great  soldier  the  monument  commemo- 
rates. 

The  circle  in  which  the  monument  stands  is  in  charge 
of  a  Board  of  Commissioners  appointed  by  the  city,  of 
which  board  several  members  are  old  Confederate  sol- 
diers. 


HISTORIC     M  O  N  U  M  E  N  T  S  157 


SHREVEPORT,  LA. 

I  send  you  a  picture  of  our  monument,  of  which  we 
are  very  proud,  and  a  brief  description  of  it. 

The  monument  measures  3 1  feet.  The  base  is  of  gray 
granite,  supporting  a  pedestal  of  white  marble,  on  each 
corner  of  which  rests  a  bust  of  white  marble  (heroic 
size)  made  in  Italy.  These  busts  represent  Generals 
Lee,  Stonewall  Jackson,  Beauregard,  and  Henry  W. 
Allen,  the  War  Governor  of  Louisiana,  and  their  execu- 
tion is  artistic  in  the  extreme. 

At  the  base  of  the  pedestal  on  the  west  side,  a  sculp- 
tured woman  stands,  her  left  hand  holding  a  volume  in- 
scribed "  History,"  while  she  writes  on  the  marble  scroll 
before  her : 

"  LOVE'S    TRIBUTE    TO    OUR    GALLANT    DEAD  " 

Dr.  J.  J.  Scott  was  active  in  the  work  of  building 
this  monument.  He  was  made  master  of  ceremonies 
at  the  unveiling  and  in  his  address  of  welcome  said : 

"  This  grand  memorial  is  the  work  of  noble  Shreve- 
port  women,  aided  by  a  generous  public.  We  want  you 
all  to  enjoy  with  them  the  full  fruition  of  their  long- 
cherished  dream,  the  realization  of  their  ambition,  this 
memorial  to  the  living — as  well  as  dead — heroes  of  the 
Confederacy. 

"  The  Confederate  soldier  is  a  unique  figure  in  history, 
and  deserves  a  monument  not  only  because  of  his  un- 
equaled  courage,  his  universal  chivalry  and  his  patriotic 
devotion  to'  a  cause  which  he  believed  to  be  just,  but  be- 
cause out  of  the  blood  and  the  sacrifices  of  these  patriotic 
martyrs  has  sprung  a  harvest  of  political  and  social  bene- 
fits, felt  not  only  in  our  own  country,  now  united  and 
prosperous,  but  by  all  the  nations  of  the  earth. 

"  For  we  believe  that  all  the  great  reforms  among 
the  nations,  and  all  the  mighty  strides  of  the  people  to- 
ward constitutional  government  and  personal  liberty, 


158 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


SHREVEPORT,    LA. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

MAY,    1906. 


have  had  their  genesis  and  their  clearest  expressions  in 
the  principles  for  which  the  Confederate  soldier  fought 
and  died. 

"  We  all  agree  that  the  deeds  of  the  men  who  followed 
Lee  and  Jackson  and   Beauregard  are  imperishable   in 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  159 


(Front) 
LEST  WE  FORGET. 

CONFEDERATE  DEAD. 
"  HISTORY." 

LOVE'S  TRIBUTE  TO  OUR 
GALLANT  DEAD. 

ERECTED  BY  THE 

SHREVEPORT  CHAPTER, 

U.  D.  C. 


history — and  that  these  monuments  erected  by  the  noble 
women  of  our  land,  who  even  excelled  our  brave  soldiers 
in  their  sublime  devotion  to  the  cause,  are  eminently 
calculated  to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  the  men  who 
sacrificed  their  all  on  the  altar  of  such  sacred  principles." 
Ten  thousand  people  were  present  to  honor  the  mem- 
ory of  the  heroes,  living  and  dead.  Old  veterans  of  '61, 
wearing  the  gray  and  bearing  the  scars  of  many  battles, 
were  present  in  great  numbers.  The  soldier  boys  of 
1906  marched  under  the  flag  of  our  great  Republic,  their 
hearts  full  of  loyal  devotion  to  the  memories  of  the 
"  Planters'  Republic."  Twelve  hundred  children  were 
waving  miniature  flags  of  Stars  and  Bars,  and  passing 
between  the  lines  of  soldiers  and  veterans  they  placed 
beautiful  floral  offerings  on  the  base  of  the  monument 
which  commemorates  the  valor  and  patriotism  of  the 
heroes  they  have  learned  to  revere. — Mrs.  J.  f ."Scott. 


160          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


TANGIPAHOA,    LA. 
CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT, 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  161 


(West) 

(FLAG) 

(CROSSED    GUNS) 

SACRED  TO  THE  MEMORY  OF  THE  CONFED- 
ERATE SOLDIERS  WHO  DIED  AT  CAMP  MOORE. 
BURIED  1860-1865.  CEMETERY  WAS  DEDICATED 
TO  THE  STATE  OF  LOUISIANA  JUNE  3,  1905. 

TWINE  A  GARLAND,   DROP  A  TEAR, 

O'ER  LOUISIANA'S  UNNAMED  DEAD  WHO  SLUMBER   HERE. 


TANGIPAHOA,  LA. 

The  monument  stands  nearly  30  feet  high,  including 
the  base.  The  shaft,  which  is  of  Italian  marble,  is  26 
feet  in  height.  The  shaft  is  fittingly  decorated  with 
shields  of  the  sword  and  musket,  with  a  miniature  can- 
non and  cannon  balls  at  each  corner. 

My  mother,  Mrs.  F.  H.  Burbank,  of  New  Orleans, 
was  up  at  Camp  Moore  in  war  time  and  did  all  she  could 
for  the  poor  boys  who  lost  their  lives  here  from  sickness. 
There  are  some  two  hundred  heroes  of  the  Great  Conflict 
at  rest  here. 

Camp  Moore  is  about  one  mile  and  a  half  from  the 
heart  of  Tangipahoa.  The  cemetery  is  there  now.  We 
have  a  fine  monument  and  fence  and  now  we  intend  to 
put  the  grounds  in  perfect  order  and  keep  them  so. 

Our  little  Chapter  worked  hard,  but  we  feel  more 
than  paid  when  we  look  at  that  lovely  monument  and  the 
cemetery  with  its  fence  to  protect  our  dead ;  it  lay  out  so 
long  unprotected. — Mrs.  S.  V.  Anderson. 


162          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


THE  CONFEDERATE  NOTE 
By  MAJOR  S.  A.  JONAS. 

Representing  nothing  on  God's  earth  now 

And  naught  in  the  waters  below  it ; 
As  the  pledge  of  a  nation  that's  dead  and  gone 

Keep  it,  dear  friend,  and  show  it. 
Show  it  to  those  who  will  lend  an  ear 

To  the  tale  that  this  paper  can  tell ; 
Of  liberty  born  of  a  patriot's  dream 

Of  a  storm-cradled  nation  that  fell. 

Too  poor  to  possess  the  precious  ores, 

And  too  much  of  a  stranger  to  borrow, 
We  issued  to-day  our  promise  to  pay, 

And  hoped  to  redeem  on  the  morrow. 
The  days  rolled  by  and  weeks  became  years, 

But  our  coffers  were  empty  still; 
Coin  was  so  rare  that  the  treasury'd  quake 

If  a  dollar  should   drop  in  the  till. 

But  the  faith  that  was  in  us  was  strong,  indeed, 

And  our  poverty  we  well  discerned, 
And  this  little  check  represented  the  pay 

That  our  suffering  soldiers  earned. 
We  knew  it  had  hardly  a  value  in  gold, 

Yet  as  gold  each  soldier  received  it; 
It  gazed  in  our  eyes  with  a  promise  to  pay, 

And  each  Southern  patriot  believed  it. 

But  our  boys  thought  little  of  price  or  pay 

Or  of  bills  that  were  overdue ; 
We  knew  if  it  bought  us  our  bread  to-day 

'Twas  the  best  our  poor  country  could  do. 
Keep  it;  it  tells  all  our  history  over, 

From  the  birth  of  the  dream  to  the  last; 
Modest  and  born  of  the  Angel  Hope, 

Like  our  hope  of  success  it  passed. 


MARYLAND 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  165 


MARYLAND!     MY    MARYLAND! 

The  despot's  heel  is  on  thy  shore, 

Maryland,  My  Maryland ! 
His  touch  is  at  thy  temple  door, 

Maryland,  My  Maryland ! 
Avenge  the  patriotic  gore, 
That  flecked  the  streets  of  Baltimore 
And  be  the  battle-queen  of  yore, 

Maryland,  My  Maryland ! 

Hark  to  a  wand'ring  son's  appeal ! 

Maryland,  My  Maryland ! 
My  Mother  State  to  thee  I  kneel, 

Maryland,  My  Maryland ! 
For  life  and  death,  for  woe  and  weal, 
Thy  peerless  chivalry  reveal, 
And  gird  thy  beauteous  limbs  with  steel, 

Maryland,  My  Maryland ! 


Thou  wilt  not  cower  in  the  dust, 

Maryland,  My  Maryland! 
Thy  beaming  sword  shall  never  rust, 

Maryland,  My  Mary  and  ! 
Remember  Carroll's  sacred  trust, 
Remember  Howard's  warlike  thrust — 
And  all  thy  slumberers  with  the  just, 

Maryland,  My  Maryland ! 


Come,  for  thy  shield  is  bright  and  strong, 

Maryland,  My  Maryland ! 
Come !  for  thy  dalliance  does  thee  wrong, 

Maryland,  My  Maryland ! 
Come  to  thine  own  heroic  throng, 
That  stalks  with  liberty  along. 
And  give  a  new  Key  to  thy  song, 

Maryland,  My  Maryland ! 


166          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

Dear  Mother,  burst  the  tyrant's  chain, 

Maryland,  My  Maryland ! 
Virginia  should  not  call  in  vain, 

Maryland,  My  Maryland ! 
She  meets  her  sisters  on  the  plain — 
"  Sic  semper  "  'tis  the  proud  refrain, 
That  baffles  minions  back  amain, 
Maryland,  My  Maryland ! 

I  see  the  blush  upon  thy  cheek, 

Maryland,  My  Maryland ! 
But  thou  wast  ever  bravely  meek, 

Maryland,  My  Maryland! 
But  lo !  there  surges  forth  a  shriek 
From  hill  te  hill,  from  creek  to  creek — 
Potomac  calls  to  Chesapeake, 
Maryland,  My  Maryland! 


Thou  wilt  not  yield  the  vandal  toll, 

Maryland,  My  Maryland ! 
Thou  wilt  not  crook  to  his  control, 

Maryland,  My  Maryland ! 

Better  the  fire  upon  thee  roll, 

Better  the  blade,  the  shot,  the  bowl. 

Than  crucifixion  of  the  soul, 

Maryland,  My  Maryland ! 


I  hear  the  distant  thunder  hum, 

Maryland,  My  Maryland ! 
The  old  Line's  bugle,  fife  and  drum, 

Maryland,  My  Maryland ! 
She  is  not  dead,  nor  deaf  nor  dumb, 
Huzzah !   she  spurns  the   Northern   scum ! 
She  breathes,  she  burns !  she'll  come,  she'll  come ! 

Maryland,  My  Maryland ! 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  167 


BALTIMORE,  MD. 

The  very  beautiful  monument  in  Mount  Royal  Plaza, 
Baltimore,  is  of  bronze,  on  a  granite  pedestal,  the  whole 
enclosed  in  an  iron  railing.  The  builders  presented  it  to 
the  city  of  Baltimore.  It  was  received  by  the  Mayor  in 
behalf  of  the  city,  and  is  well  cared  for. 

It  was  unveiled  by  a  great-granddaughter  of  General 
Isaac  R.  Trimble  and  a  great-granddaughter  of  Admiral 
Franklin  Buchanan. — Miss  Mary  Hall,  Historian 
V.  D.  C. 

The  sculptor  of  this  wonderful  statue,  Mr.  F.  W. 
Ruckstuhl,  thus  tells  the  story  of  its  creation : 

"  Like  Lowell,  I  always  leaned  toward  the  men  and 
causes  '  almost  great,'  and  all  my  life  I  have  been  haunted 
by  the  lines : 

"  '  Glorious  'tis  to  wear  the  crown 

Of  a  deserved  and  pure  success : 
But   he   who   knoweth   how   to    fail   has   won 
A   crown  whose  luster  is  no  less.' 

"  About  fifteen  years  ago,  while  studying  in  Paris, 
where  I  spent  about  nine  years,  I  quarreled  one  night 
with  a  Yankee  sculptor  for  denouncing  the  men  who 
fought  on  the  Southern  side  during  the  Civil  War.  I 
told  him  some  day  the  North  would  recognize  the  heroic 
valor  of  that  fight  and  be  proud  of  the  men  who  fought  it, 
and  history  would  throw  its  crown  of  consolation  to  the 
South,  '  and  some  day,'  I  concluded,  '  I  will  make  a  monu- 
ment that  will  express  the  verdict  of  history.' 

"  From  that  time  there  floated  vaguely  through  my 
mind  the  thought  of  the  statue,  and  I  seemed  dimly  grop- 
ing for  a  tangible  shape  for  the  ideal  in  my  thoughts. 

"  The  inspiration  came  suddenly  while  listening  to  the 
music  of  '  Tannhauser  '  at  the  Metropolitan  Opera  House 
about  two  years  ago.  The  music  and  surroundings 


168          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


Inscriptions   on  Monument. 

(.Front) 
GLORIA    VICTIS. 


TO    THE 
SOLDIERS    AND    SAILORS 

OF    MARYLAND 

IN  THE   SERVICE  OF  THE 

CONFEDERATE    STATES 

OF    AMERICA. 

1861-1865. 

(Back) 

GLORY 

STANDS    BESIDE    OUR    GRIEF. 

ERECTED  BY  THE  MARYLAND  DAUGHTERS 

OF  TH*E  CONFEDERACY, 

1903. 

(Right) 
FATTI    MOSCHII 

PAROLE    FEMINE. 

(Left) 
DEO    VINDICE. 


faded  away,  and  the  Southern  group  stood  out  boldly 
to  my  mental  vision.  I  saw  the  Southern  soldier,  hav- 
ing fought  to  his  last  gasp,  having  thrown  aside  all  mili- 
tary accouterments,  even  his  sleeves  rolled  up  in  the 
desperation  of  a  hand-to-hand  encounter :  I  saw  him  fall- 
ing death-smitten  in  the  struggle,  and  I  saw  also  [here 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  169 

the  artist,  lost  again  in  the  memory  of  the  mental  vision, 
sprang  to  his  feet  and  flung  out  a  protecting  arm] — I 
saw  the  downward  flight  of  Glory  catching  with  out- 
stretched arm  the  falling  hero,  snatching  his  form  and 
spirit  from  the  mire  of  oblivion  and  glorifying  his  cause 
in  the  ages  to  come. 

"  I  made  the  first  sketch  of  the  group  then  and  there," 
said  the  artist,  sinking  back  again  into  his  chair,  "  and 
showed  it  to  the  lady  who  was  attending  the  opera  with 
me.  She  was  amazed  that  I  took  the  matter  so  seri- 
ously, but  I  felt  that  the  aspiration  of  years  had  taken 
shape." 

At  the  time  of  the  erection  of  the  monument,  Mrs. 
D.  Giraud  Wright,  President  of  the  Maryland  Division, 
U.  D.  C.,  and  of  the  Baltimore  Chapter,  made  an  address 
in  which  she  gave  the  following  description  of  this  monu- 
ment. 

It  is  a  fine  appreciation  of  this  remarkable  production 
of  Mr.  Ruckstuhl's  genius,  which,  as  a  work  of  art,  is 
not  surpassed  by  anything  in  our  country. 

"  To  us, "  the  members  of  the  Maryland  Division  of 
the  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy,  .shall  attach  in  the 
future  the  peculiar  honor  that  we  are  the  first  band  of 
Confederate  women  to  erect  to  our  heroes  a  monument 
which  embodies  in  itself  an  idealization  of  the  Confed- 
eracy, in  an  allegorical  representation  of  the  glory  of 
the  South  in  her  defeat. 

"  The  sculptor,  with  a  felicity  and  a  poetic  interpreta- 
tion simply  marvelous,  has  portrayed  in  this  group  the 
spirit  of  our  motto,  '  Glory  stands  beside  our  Grief.'  It 
is  veritably  the  apotheosis  of  the  Confederacy. 

"  The  subject  typifies  the  sentiment  lying  deep  in  our 
hearts:  that  which  we  feel  but  cannot  express  is  here 
expressed  for  us,  and  better  than  that,  for  all  to  see,  that 
our  beloved  South,  though  vanquished,  was  never  hu- 
miliated. In  the  strength  of  her  endurance;  in  the  mag- 


170          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

nificent  courage  of  her  soldiers ;  in  the  pure  patriotism  of 
her  noble  women ;  in  the  suffering  of  her  people  for  prin- 
ciple ;  in  the  genius  of  her  great  leaders ;  in  the  personnel 
of  her  army  and  navy :  no  higher  type  of  man  has  ever 
been  produced.  The  men  who  fought  in  the  ranks  of 
the  Confederate  army  as  common  soldiers,  dying  on  the 
field  of  battle  'mid  clang  and  clash  of  arms,  or  of  disease 
in  the  loathsome  hospital,  displayed  a  sublime  courage 
that  compelled  the  admiration  of  the  world  and  made 
the  name  of  the  Confederate  soldier  the  synonym  for 
incomparable  valor. 

"It  is  not  too  much  to  say,  that  in  this  monument  of 
ours  all  this  thought  is  expressed. 

"  That  Confederate  soldier  on  whose  boyish  face  still 
lingers  the  light  of  innocence  and  youth,  yet  in  its  linea- 
ments displays  high  heroism  and  the  stern  sense  of  duty 
which  stamps  it  with  a  noble  manhood. 

"  Look  at  the  beautiful,  calm  brow ;  the  closed  eye — no 
terror  there — the  pain  in  the  lines  around  the  sweet 
young  mouth — '  He  consents  to  death,  yet  conquers 
agony  ' ! 

"  See  him  as"  he  stands  at  bay — face  to  the  foe — alone 
— no  arm  outstretched  to  save.  One  hand  is  pressed  to 
that  brave  young  heart  in  mortal  pain — the  other  grasps 
even  in  dying  the  dear  crimson  banner,  the  tint  of  whose 
ensanguined  folds  is  deepened  with  his  blood ! 

"  To  him  that  flag  is  the  Cause  for  which  he  dies,  and 
even  in  the  throes  of  death  he  never  falters,  never  yields 
the  principles  for  which  he  fought. 

"  See  the  tense  muscles  in  that  rigid  arm !  He  would, 
even  in  dying,  hold  it  close,  close ! 

"  We  tremble  as  we  look ! 

"  Will  he  fall  ?  Will  that  sacred  banner  drop  from  his 
nerveless  hand  and  be  trailed  and  trampled  in  humiliation 
and  the  dust? 

"  A  gloom,  black  as  night,  hangs  o'er  the  battlefield. 
Look!  the  clouds  are  cleft  and  through  a  path  of  light  a 
radiant  vision  comes!  Glory  descends:  her  eye  has 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  171 

pierced  the  darkness,  and  seeing  her  beloved  in  such 
straits,  on  swift  pinions  she  swoops  from  the  skies  and, 
ere  he  falls,  with  one  mighty  arm  she  draws  him  to  her 
side,  aloft  she  holds  a  laurel  wreath,  fit  emblem  of  the 
glory  of  the  South.  With  calm,  unruffled  majesty  she 
stands,  defying  the  world  to  match  his  valor  or  take  him 
from  her  side ! 

"  While  he,   like  a  tired   child,   safe  in   his   mother's 
arms,  falls  asleep  forever  on  Glory's  breast!" 


LOUDON  PARK  CEMETERY,  BALTIMORE 

In  1874,  with  the  aid  of  an  appropriation  from  the 
State  of  Maryland,  the  bodies  of  Marylanders  who  fell  in 
the  Confederate  service  were  gathered  from  all  the  battle- 
fields, from  Petersburg  to  Gettysburg.  Comrades  were 
employed  for  this  purpose,  and  brave  soldiers  were  taken 
from  fence  corners  and  hedgerows  where  they  had  been 
laid.  These  bodies  were  reinterred  in  the  Confederate 
lot  in  London  Park  Cemetery,  where  are  erected  the  cen- 
tral monument,  "  The  Confederate  Soldier,"  by  Volck, 
and  the  monuments  to  Companies  H  and  A  of  the  First 
and  Second  Maryland  Infantry,  and  that  dashing  cavalry- 
man, Lieutenant  Colonel  Harry  Gilmore.  This  beautiful 
plot  contains  about  four  hundred  bodies.  It  is  the  prop- 
erty of  the  society,  and  provision  has  been  made  for  its 
perpetual  care  by  payments  to  the  cemetery  company. 
About  ten  thousand  dollars  have  been  expended  upon  this 
work.  The  bodies  of  all  Confederate  prisoners  who  died 
in  Baltimore  are  also  buried  in  the  lot,  and  each  grave  is 
marked  with  a  marble  headstone,  with  the  name,  regiment, 
and  State,  whenever  known,  of  the  soldier  who  sleeps  be- 
neath. Since  1873  the  society  has  always  arranged  for 
the  observance  of  Memorial  Day,;  June  6,  when  hundreds 
of  ladies  and  the  veteran  comrades  are  conveyed  to  Lon- 
don Park  Cemetery  to  strew  flowers  on  the  graves  of  the 
dead.  The  graves  of  our  soldiers  and  sailors  in  other 
cemeteries  receive  like  attention. 


172          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


MARYLAND, 

BATTLEFIELD    MONUMENT, 

GETTYSBURG,    PA. 

1886. 


HISTORIC     M  O  N  U  M  E  N  T  S  173 


SECOND  MARYLAND  INFANTRY,  C.  S.  A. 

This  monument,  on  Gulp's  Hill,  Gettysburg,  was  built 
by  the  Association  of  the  Maryland  Line  in  1886. 

It  is  a  massive  granite  block,  costly  and  imposing,  and 
its  position  and  inscription  testify  to  the  valor  of  the  men 
who  fought  where  it  stands.  The  face  of  the  monument 
is  marked  as  follows : 

(.MARYLAND  COAT-OF-ARMS) 


SECOND    MD.    INFANTRY,    C.    S.    A. 


Its  severe  outlines  and  absence  of  the  usual  ornamenta- 
tion that  marks  memorial  structures  as  a  rule,  is  in  keep- 
ing with  the  plain,  whole-souled  heroes  whose  valor  it 
commemorates.  The  monument  carries  no  appeal  for 
tears,  no  defiance  to  a  ruthless  foe,  no  challenge  of  the 
future.  But  simply,  dispassionately,  solidly,  it  rests  on 
Pennsylvania's  soil,  and  mutely  states :  to  here  came  the 
sons  of  Maryland,  fighting  for  a  cause  they  believed 
to  be  just — a  cause  they  believed  meant  the  life  of  their 
State  and  the  liberties  of  its  people. 

It  is  claimed  that  the  Second  Maryland  Infantry  went 
farther  and  stayed  longer  in  the  lines  of  the  enemy  at 
Gettysburg  than  did  any  other.  When  one  contemplates 
what  the  conflict  at  Gettysburg  was,  the  awful  loss  of 
life  and  the  protracted  struggle,  the  grim  doggedness  of 
both  armies, — the  claim  that  the  Second  Maryland  went 
farther  and  stayed  longer  in  the  enemy's  lines  is  a  tribute 
to  the  sons  of  the  "  old  line  "  that  the  bravest  and  the 
proudest  in  the  great  war  of  the  States  may,  without 
shame,  envy. 


174 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


WOODSIDE,    MD. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1896. 


WOODSIDE,  MD. 

The  monument  in  the  church  cemetery  at  Woodside, 
Montgomery  County,  Md.,  marks  the  resting  place  of 
the  seventeen  soldiers  who  were  killed  near  by  when 
General  Early  made  his  attack  upon  Washington  in  the 
summer  of  1864.  This  monument  was  erected  by  the 
joint  efforts  of  the  Confederate  Camps  of  Rockville, 
Md.,  and  Washington,  D.  C,  and  the  Stonewall  Jackson 
Chapter,  U.  D.  C. 

Nearly  ten  years  after  these  soldiers  had  fallen    their 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  175 


IN    MEMORY    OF 
SEVENTEEN 
UNKNOWN 

CONFEDERATE    DEAD 

WHO  FELL  IN  FRONT  OF 

WASHINGTON,    D.    C. 


JULY     12,    1864. 


BY    THEIR 
COMRADES. 


CONFEDERATE. 


bodies  were  removed  from  the  shallow  graves  in  front 
of  the  fortifications  of  Washington  and  given  Christian 
burial  near  Silver  Spring.  Among  the  pallbearers  were 
General  P.  M.  B.  Young  and  Honorable  L.  O.  C.  Lamar. 
The  Stonewall  Chapter  decorate  this  monument  every 
year  on  Memorial  Day. — Mrs.  Herbert  C.  Wilkins. 


CONFEDERATES  WERE  CLOSE  TO 
WASHINGTON 

The  regiment  in  advance  .  .  .  was  the  Sixty-second 
Virginia  Mounted  Infantry,  and  with  it  was  a  section 
of  McClanahan's  Horse  Artillery.  The  Sixty-second 
was  commanded  by  Colonel  George  Smith. 

This  advance  guard  drove  the  enemy  into  Washington 
on  the  Seventh  Street  Road.  My  recollection  is  that  we 
struck  the  Federals  about  Rockville,  and  pursued  them 
to  Washington.  They  made  several  stands,  and,  when- 


176          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

ever  they  did,  Colonel  Smith  would  dismount  his  men 
and  charge  them.  I  remember  well  that  the  pursuit  and 
retreat  were  so  rapid  that  it  was  almost  impossible  for 
the  artillery  to  keep  up,  and  the  infantry  were  left  far 
behind.  The  heat  and  dust  were  terrible.  The  Federals 
did  not  stop  at  the  fort,  but  retreated  clown  Seventh 
Street,  as  we  could  see  by  the  column  of  dust.  When 
we  got  there  the  fort  was  unmanned,  and  Colonel  Smith 
would  have  gone  in,  but  was  stopped  by  a  courier  bring- 
ing peremptory  orders  from  General  Early  to  halt  until 
the  column  arrived.  Why  General  Early  did  not  go  into 
Washington  I  do  not  know,  but  take  it  for  granted  that 
he  had  information  justifying  him  for  not  doing  so.  I 
am  satisfied,  though,  that  when  we  first  got  there  mounted 
men  could  easily  have  ridden  down  Seventh  Street  to 
the  long  bridge,  and  could  have  crossed  over  to  Arling- 
ton Heights. — STILES  :  "  Four  Years  Under  Marse 
Robert." — (Neale  Publishing  Co.) 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  179 


ABERDEEN,  MISS. 

The  Aberdeen  monument  is  beautiful  in  design,  and  is 
30  feet  high,  8  feet  square  at  the  base;  made  of  Ameri- 
can and  Italian  marble.  Upon  the  base  are  inscribed 
the  names  of  individual  soldiers  of  this  section,  many  of 
whom  were  prominent  in  the  Confederate  service. 

The  shaft  is  surmounted  by  a  life-size  figure  of  a  Con- 
federate soldier,  on  picket  duty — in  uniform  and  ac- 
coutered  with  musket,  canteen  and  knapsack;  a  familiar 
spectacle  to  veteran  eyes. 

At  the  unveiling,  the  roll-call  of  the  companies  was  an 
interesting  and  pathetic  feature. 


(East) 

THK  WARRIOR'S  BANNER  TAKES  ITS  FLIGHT 
TO  GREET   THE   WARRIOR'S  SOUL. 

"  OUR  CONFEDERATE  DEAD— 1861-1865.  IN  MEMORY  OF  THE 
CONFEDERATE  SOLDIERS  OF  MONROE  COUNTY,  MISS.,  AND 
OTHERS  WHO  REST  IN  OUR  CEMETERIES." 

WE    CARE    NOT    WHENCE    THEY    CAME, 

DEAR    IS    THEIR    LIFELESS    CLAY; 

WHETHER    UNKNOWN    OR    KNOWN    TO    FAME, 

THEIR    CAUSE    AND    COUNTRY    STILL    THE    SAME, 

THEY    DIED,    AND    WORE    THE    GRAY. 

"THEY  TOOK  UP  ARMS  TO  RESIST  INVASION  AND  CONQUEST; 
A  MORE  RIGHTEOUS  CAUSE  NEVER  APPEALED  TO  THE  SPIRIT 
OF  HEROISM,  CHIVALRY,  AND  PATRIOTISM  IN  MAN." 

NEEDLESS    THIS    SHAFT    TO    THOSE    WHO    KNEW 

THE   GALLANT    MEN    WHOSE   VALOR    IT    PROCLAIMS, 
BUT    PATRIOTISM    MAY    ITS    BEACONS    FIRE    ANEW 

WITH     INSPIRATIONS     FROM     THEIR     HALLOWED     NAMES. 
BUT    O    THE    NAMELESS    DEAD    WHO   'SIDE    BY    SIDE 

STROVE    WITH    OUR    LOVED    ONES    IN    THE    HAPLESS    FIGHT! 
THIS    SHAFT    WE    CONSECRATE    TO    ALL    WHO    DIED, 

THE     NAMELESS    AND    THE     FAMED,     IN    CONSCIOUSNESS    OF    RIGHT. 

—5".    A.   Jonas,   author  of  "  The   Confederate  Note,"  etc. 


180          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


DECORATION  DAY  IN  THE  SOUTH 

The  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  observe  no  clause 
in  their  constitution  with  more  heartfelt  warmth  and  gen- 
uine pleasure  than  that  which  reads :  "  Honor  the  memory 
of  those  who  served  and  those  who  fell  in  the  service  of 
the  Confederate  States." 

With  a  tenderness  born  ever  anew  at  the  coming  of  each 
spring,  they  exultingly  garner  blossoms  and  carry  them 
out  to  the  cemeteries  where  many  a  flower  of  Southern 
chivalry  is  planted  to  bloom  at  the  resurrection. 

These  cemeteries!  How  hallowed  they  are  and  how 
peaceful !  Nature  made  way  for  the  coming  of  the 
Daughters,  for  upon  the  ground  a  carpet  of  softest  green 
had  been  spread ;  the  trees  cast  a  shade  upon  it.  The  val- 
ley lily  timidly  lifted  its  lowly  head  around  many  a  tomb- 
stone ;  and  in  sheltered  nooks  fairly  reveled  in  an  abund- 
ance of  bloom  and  fragrance.  The  syringa  put  forth  its 
wealth  of  waxen  blossoms;  the  anemones  had  come  and 
gone ;  the  lilacs  flaunted  their  purple  and  white  plumes ; 
but  the  red  and  white  flowers  —  roses,  lilies,  carnations  — 
these  are  the  favorites ! 

All  over  the  Southland  near  the  last  of  May  or  the  first 
of  June  the  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  observe  Me- 
morial or  Decoration  Day  by  strewing  flowers  upon 
Southern  graves.  A  favorite  date  is  June  3,  the  birth- 
day of  Jefferson  Davis,  who  was  sole  President  of  the 
Confederate  States.  The  marking  of  every  lowly  grave 
wherein  lies  buried  private  or  officer  of  the  Confederate 
army  is  doing  honor  to  the  Chief;  also  to  heroism,  to  for- 
titude,-to  principle. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  181 


(South) 

TRIED    AND    TRUE. 

BATTLES 
IN  WHICH  THEY  PARTICIPATED: 


Manassas,  Seven  Days  around  Richmond,  Gettysburg,  Fishing  Creek,  Perry- 
ville,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Boonsboro,  Bentonville,  Sharpsburg,  Chancellors- 
ville,  Corinth,  Chickamauga,  Fort  Donelson,  Murfreesboro,  Lookout  Mountain, 
Shiloh,  Second  Manassas,  Missionary  Ridge,  Seven  Pines,  Spottsylvania, 
Gaines's  Mill,  Savage  Station,  Malvern  Hill,  Kennesaw  Mountain,  Peachtree 
Creek,  Atlanta,  Baker's  Creek,  Big  Black,  Jonesboro,  The  Wilderness,  Harris- 
burg,  Okolona,  Egypt,  the  Petersburg  Campaign,  Five  Forks,  Fredericksburg, 
Resaca,  New  Hope  Church,  Brice's  Cross  Roads,  Vicksburg,  Cartersville,  High 
Point,  Holly  Springs,  Franklin,  Nashville,  Blakely,  Appomattox. 


(North) 

COMPANIES    FROM 
MONROE    COUNTY: 


Van  Dorn  Reserves,  Capt.  Moore,  Eleventh  Mississippi  Regiment;  Company 
L,  Capt.  S.  J.  Gholson,  Fourteenth  Mississippi;  Company  E,  Capt.  F.  M. 
Rogers,  Fourteenth  Mississippi;  Company  K,  Capt.  W.  A.  Roarer,  Twentieth 
Mississippi;  Company  A,  Capt.  Robert  Armstrong,  Fifth  Missisippi;  Com- 
pany C,  Capt.  L.  J.  Morgan,  Sixteenth  Mississippi;  Company  I,  Capt.  J.  B. 
Sale,  Twenty-seventh  Mississippi;  Company  L,  Capt.  S.  J.  Gholson  (Second 
Company),  Forty-third  Mississippi;  Monroe  Rifles,  Capt.  Tom  Coopwood, 
Twenty-fourth  Mississippi;  Company  G,  Capt.  N.  J.  Beckett,  Forty-first  Mis- 
sissippi; Company  C,  James  Brock,  Saunders  Battalion;  Company ,  Capt. 

Columbus    Sykes,    Forty-third    Mississippi;    Company ,    Capt.    John    Vesey, 

Forty-third    Mississippi;    Company ,    Capt.    John    Winters,    Forty-third    Mis- 
sissippi;  Company  ,   Capt.   Columbus  Love,   State  Troops;     Company   , 

Capt.  John  B.  Tucker,  Cavalry. 


(West) 
C.    S.   A.— OUR    HEROES.— 1861-1865. 

THIS  MONUMENT  IS  ERECTED  BY  THE  LADIES  OF  THE  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION 
AND  THE  DAUGHTERS  OF  THE  CONFEDERACY  OF  ABERDEEN,  MISS.,  IN  GRATEFUL 
REMEMBRANCE  OF  THOSE  WHO  RISKED  THEIR  LIVES,  THEIR  FORTUNES,  AND  THEIR 
SACRED  HONOR  IN  DEFENSE  OF  OUR  BELOVED  SOUTHLAND.  1861-1865. 

Soldiers,  rest,  your  warfare  o'er, 
Dream  of  battlefields  no  more. 


182 


(Front) 

IN    MEMORY    OF 

OUR 
HONORED    DEAD. 

C.    S.    A. 

(Rear) 

ERECTED    BY    THE    LADIES 

OF    THE    COLUMBUS 
MONUMENTAL    ASSOCIATION. 

1873- 


COLUMBUS,  MISS. 

In  the  Friendship  Cemetery,  Columbus,  there  are  two 
sections  of  ground  which  are  wholly  set  apart  for  graves 
of  Confederate  soldiers,  whose  memories  we  intend  to 
cherish,  and  whose  resting  places  we  intend  to  mark 
while  enduring  stone  doth  last.  We  feel  that  we  are 
doing  no  less  than  our  duty  in  this,  and  a  memorial 
such  as  we  have  had  erected  here  will  serve  to  point  to 
succeeding  generations — now  that  the  living  actors  in 
the  scenes  of  the  great  war  are  so  rapidly  thinning— 
what  deeds  these  men  did,  how  generous  their  sacrifice, 
how  noble  the  cause  for  which  they  battled.  In  these 
two  plots  are  buried  fifteen  hundred  of  our  fallen  heroes. 
This  monument  stands  in  Friendship  Cemetery  between 
the  two  plots,  and  was  the  first  memorial  erected  here. 

The  ladies  of  the  Monumental  Association  labored  for 
years  to  obtain  the  means  to  pay  for  a  monument,  and  in 
1873 — when  the  unveiling  took  place — they  felt  that 
they  had  not  labored  in  vain. — Mrs.  Mary  B.  Harrison. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  183 


COLUMBUS,    MISS. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1873- 


184          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

(Inscription) 
REST. 

COLUMBUS,  MISS. 

This  monument  was  built  by  the  Daughters  of  the 
Confederacy  of  Columbus,  and  stands  in  the  Southeast 
Confederate  Cemetery.  We  thought  at  one  time  of 
erecting  another  in  the  Northwest  Cemetery ;  but  decided 
to  place  one  on  the  city  streets. 

The  U.  D.  C.  are  working  now  toward  that  end. — 
Mrs.  Mary  B.  Harrison,  President  U.  D.  C. 


THE    CONFEDERATE    DEAD 

By  the  HON.  A.  J.  BERESFORD  HOPE,  M.  P. 

(Printed  for  private  circulation  in  England.) 

In  pine-brake  and  on  mountain  battle-ground, 

In  river-drift  and  Mississippian  swamp. 

Each  as  he  fell — their  overt  work  undone, 

Their  country  trodden  down  and  desolate — 

Rest  until  doomsday  the  Confederate  dead. 

Yet,  in  that  bitter  shipwreck  and  the  crash 

Of  all  which  in  the  passionate  resolve 

Of  patriotic  zeal  they  staked  and  lost, 

They  were  not  servants  profitless ;  their  names 

Glow  on  the  roll  which  duty  keeps  for  fame — 

That  golden  roll  with  iron  pen  engraved, 

Dipped  in  the  heart-blood  of  the  noble  dead, 

Weighed  well  with  truthful  balance,  scrutinized 

By  eyes  that  love  no  guile  and  grovel  not 

In  vulgar  worship  of  a  forced  success. 

They  lived  accepted  in  the  chosen  band 

Of  those  who  in  short  time  encompassed  deeds 

Whose  worth  the  span  of  rolling  centuries 

Preserves  in  undecaying  memory — 

Stout,  working  preachers  to  their  fellow-men 

Of  single  stern  self-sacrifice, 

Whose  unwrit  sermons  shall  be  garnered  up 

In  the  dim  cycles  of  the  coming  time 

For  the  refreshment  of  sick  human  kind. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  185 


COLUMBUS,    MISS. 
CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 


186          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


EDWARD    GARY    WALTHALL: 

BORN    IN 

RICHMOND,    VA. 

APRIL  4,  1831, 

DIED    IN 
WASHINGTON,    D.    C., 

APRIL    21,     1898. 

MAJOR    GENERAL    IN    C.    S.    A. 

U.    S.    SENATOR    FROM    MISSISSIPPI, 

1885-1898. 

TRUTH,  COURAGE,  HONOR,  FIDELITY, 
JUSTICE,  LOVE,  DUTY,  GRATITUDE, 
MERCY;  AND  PRUDENCE  PRESIDING 
OVER  ALL,  COMBINE  TO  FORM  THE 
CHARACTER  OF  THIS  MAN  WHO  LIVED 
AND  DIED  WITHOUT  AN  ENEMY. 


HOLLY  SPRINGS,  MISS. 

General  Walthall  was  reared  in  Holly  Springs,  receiv- 
ing his  education  at  St.  Thomas  Hall.  He  was  a 
nephew  of  Judge  Wilkerson,  an  eminent  lawyer  of  Yazoo 
City — and  naturally  turned  to  the  same  profession.  He 
was  first  associated  with  General  George,  at  Coffeeville, 
Miss.  Later  General  Walthall  went  to  Grenada,  and 
there  entered  the  C.  S.  A.  as  lieutenant-colonel  in  Slater's 
Regiment. 

He  rapidly  rose,  and  in  every  position  was  greatly 
heloved  by  his  men.  A  clean  politician  in  every  office 
filled  by  him,  he  had  the  entire  confidence  of  his  constitu- 
ents, and  ever  stood  among  the  leading  men  of  his  pro- 
fession. A  handsome  personality,  polished  manners,  fine 
conversational  powers,  gave  him  prestige  in  every  assem- 
bly. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


187 


HOLLY    SPRINGS,    MISS. 
THE    WALTHALL    MONUMENT. 


188  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


IN    MEMORY    OF 

OUR 

CONFEDERATE    DEAD. 

EVER   HONORED,   LOVED 

AND  CHERISHED. 


HOLLY  SPRINGS,  MISS. 

The  monument  in  the  cemetery  at  Holly  Springs  is  a 
memorial  to  our  "  Unknown  Dead."  It  is  situated  on 
an  acre  of  ground  in  the  southeast  corner,  rendered 
sacred  as  the  resting  place  of  some  three  hundred  soldiers 
—wounded  in  the  battles  of  Shiloh,  Inka,  and  Corinth — 
brought  to  this  place  as  not  on  the  line  of  railroad  then  in 
possession  of  the  Federals.  Books  and  papers  seem  to 
have  been  lost  in  burned  houses,  so  that  we  now  know 
the  name  of  but  one  of  the  sleepers. 

For  forty-two  years,  citizens,  school  children,  young 
men  and  maidens  have  marched  annually  to  the  sacred 
spot,  offered  a  prayer,  sung  a  hymn  and  a  Southern 
sorig;  and  laid  down  the  tribute  of  evergreens  and  flow- 
ers. Many  years  ago,  about  1870  or  1871,  a  limestone 
shaft  of  stone,  simple  and  unpretending,  about  10  feet 
high,  was  erected  on  this  ground.  The  base  of  brick- 
work, 3  feet  high,  forms  a  grass-covered  mound,  in  the 
center  of  which  is  a  base  of  stone  for  the  shaft.  On  it 
is  the  inscription : 

THE 
CONFEDERATE 

DEAD. 

This  was  placed  there  by  the  Memorial  Association, 
of  which  I  had  the  honor  of  being  president.  It  is  sim- 
ple— our  means  were  limited,  and  we  were  trying  to 
erect  a  monument  to  our  Marshall  County  dead.  This 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  189 


HOLLY    SPRINGS,    MISS. 
CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT, 


190          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

has  answered  its  purpose  as  a  permanent  tribute  to  these 
strangers  in  our  midst — loved  and  honored  indeed, 
always. 

The  cemetery  at  Holly  Springs  is  rich  in  memorials 
of  war  time,  the  days  when  the  rest  of  the  country  made 
war  on  the  South ;  it  is  a  cemetery  of  the  kind  which 
General  Evans  calls  "  a  rare  garden  of  heroes." 
-  In  addition  to  the  monument  by  the  U.  D.  C.  and  the 
one  by  the  Memorial  Association,  there  are  several  in- 
dividual monuments  of  historic  interest. 

To  me  then  just  entering  upon  the  responsibilities  of 
life,  the  war  came  with  a  shock  that  seemed  to  change 
my  whole  being.  My  young  husband  died  in  prison— 
every  male  member  of  my  immediate  family  faced"  the 
foe  as  a  soldier;  and  the  broad  Mississippi  River,  tra- 
versed by  gunboats,  lay  between  me  and  all  my  kindred 
and  early  friends.  People  less  tried  smile  at  my  en- 
thusiasm in  regard  to  war  topics,  but  it  will  go  with  me 
to  life's  end. 

Our  monuments  are  all  in  the  cemetery,  Hill  Crest, 
a  lovely  plot  south  of  town;  part  is  level,  one  portion 
rolling,  regularly  laid  out,  well  kept,  many  handsome 
monuments — forest  trees,  and  some  flowers — a  lovely 
place,  so  restful  and  quiet ;  it  soothes  a  sad  heart  to  spend 
an  hour  there  with  those 

"  Whom   God's   finger  has    touched." 

This  cemetery  is  the  resting-place  of  three  hundred 
Confederate  dead,  whose  names  are  unknown. — Rosa  B. 
Tyler. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  191 

JEFFERSON  DAVIS 

BY     KATE    LANGLEY     BOSHER,    RICHMOND. 

Born   of  a  people  proud  and   free, 

Nurtured  in  lore  of  sovereignty 

Of   Statehood's  rights — of  manhood's   right 

To   read   the   meaning,  in   his  sight, 

Meant  by  the  fathers  writ  in  words 

Of  their  day's  need — 

He  came  in  fearless  faith  to  lead 

His  people  at  their  call,  the  seed 

Of   a   new  nation   to   implant, 

Where  pride  of  race  should  make  no  feint 

Of  closer  ties  than  nature  bids 

Mankind  to  make. 


Conscious   of   right,    unbent   he  bore 

Defeat  and  failure,  proudly  wore 

The  smile  that  met  the  cruel  arts 

Of  dark  misfortune,  all  the  darts 

That  torturing  shame  and  venomed  shaft 

Could   fling   and   thrust. 


Content  that  coming  years   would  prove 

His  stainless  honor,  quenchless  love, 

That  truth  impartial  does  not  fail 

To  make  untruth  of  no  avail, 

He  left  to  time,  whose  scales  are  true, 

Its  work  to  do. 


Time's   work  is   done.     The  world   of  weight 
Has  placed  him  with  immortals  great. 
And  to  his  memory  stately  stone 
To-day  is  reared  that  it  be  shown 
His  name  into  eternity 
Honored  shall  be. 


Son  of  the   South !     Anew  we  swear 

Allegiance  to  those  memories  dear, 

Which  time  nor  place  nor  power  nor  might 

Can  dim  or  pale  or  cower  or  blight, 

And  to  the  world  we  proudly  say.: 

"  All  hail  this  day  !  " 


192          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


JACKSON,  MISS. 

The  monument  erected  to  perpetuate  the  memory  of 
the  Mississippi  soldiers  and  sailors  who  fell  in  the  Civil 
War  stands  in  the  Confederate  Park  south  of  and  ad- 
joining the  old  Capitol  grounds.  It  was  erected  through 
the  efforts  of  the  patriotic  women  of  the  State,  part  of 
the  money  being  raised  by  private  subscription  and  part 
by  a  legislative  appropriation.  On  top  of  the  shaft  is 
the  figure  of  a  private  Confederate  soldier.  As  origi- 
nally designed,  a  life-size  statue  of  Jefferson  Davis  oc- 
cupied the  open  vault  at  the  base.  The  position  of  the 
statue  has  been  changed  by  the  Confederate  veterans  and 
now  occupies  a  position  at  the  top  of  the  base  facing  the 
entrance  to  the  Park. 

The  monument  was  unveiled  June  3,  1891,  in  the 
presence  of  twenty  thousand  people ;  the  dedication  ad- 
dress was  delivered  by  Gen.  Edward  Gary  Walthall,  and 
the  veil  was  lifted  by  Jefferson  Hayes  Davis,  the  grand- 
son of  Jefferson  Davis.  It  is  a  yearly  custom  of  the 
Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  to  observe  the  3d  of  June 
with  open  air  ceremonies  at  the  monument  in  honor  of 
the  birth  of  the  President  of  the  Confederacy. 

Quite  a  number  of  handsome  Confederate  monuments 
have  been  erected  in  the  cities  and  town  of  the  State,  and 
in  nearly  every  instance  they  were  designed  by  commit- 
tees appointed  from  the  local  Chapters  of  the  Daughters 
of  the  Confederacy. 

Data  furnished  by  Dr.  Dunbar  Rowland,  Secretary  of 
the  Mississippi  Department  of  Archives  and  History. 
The  photograph  was  contributed  through  the  kindness 
and  courtesy  of  the  Hon.  A.  C.  Crowder,  Mayor  of 
Jackson. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  193 


JACKSON,    MISS. 

MONUMENT    TO    JEFFERSON    DAVIS. 
1891. 


194 


(West) 

ERECTED 

BY 

OKOLONA 

CHAPTER 

U.     D.     C. 

NO.   117, 

1905. 

TO   ONE 

THOUSAND 

CONFEDERATE 

SOLDIERS 
WHO  SLEEP  HERE. 

OUR 

CONFEDERATE    DEAD. 


(North) 

NAMES    OF    SOLDIERS 
KILLED  OR  DIED 
DURING  THE  WAR 

NOT   BURIED 
IN  THE  CEMETERY. 


OKOLONA,  MISS. 


The  Okolona  monument  is  located  on  Main  Street  on 
a  small  plot  of  ground  given  by  the  town  and  directly 
in  front  of  the  First  Baptist  Church.  It  is  built  of 
Georgia  marble,  32  feet  high ;  6  feet  square  at  the  base. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  195 


OKOLONA,    MISS. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

APRIL   26,    1905. 


196          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

The  statue  surmounting  it  is  of  Carrara  marble,  carved 
in  Italy. 

The  statue  is  a  Confederate  scout  in  an  attitude  of 
inimitable  grace,  standing  with  left  hand  shading  his 
eyes  as  if  to  shut  out  the  too  obtrusive  glare  and  ap- 
parently peering  to  see  if  danger  lurks  near.  It  is 
beautiful  as  a  work  of  art  in  its  simplicity,  its  sym- 
metry of  form  and  magnificent  pose. 

A  substantial  iron  fence  encloses  the  monument  and 
plot  of  ground,  which  is  sodded. 

On  both  the  north  and  south  sides  of  the  monument 
are  the  names  of  soldiers  from  Okolona  and  vicinity 
who  were  killed  or  died  during  the  war.  The  east  side 
is  reserved  for  veterans  still  living. 

The  cemetery,  which  was  for  a  long  time  neglected,  is 
the  resting  place  of  men  who  died  from  wounds  received 
at  Corinth,  Belmont,  and  other  battlefields,  and  were 
from  every  State  in  the  South. 

Only  one  grave  is  marked : 

JAMES    G.    HAYWOOD,    OF    CANE    HILL,    ARK. 

He  was  a  Presbyterian  minister  and  captain  in 
Hobbs's  Regiment,  Arkansas  Volunteers. 

The  neat  white  slab  was  erected  by  his  company  as 
an  expression  of  their  regard  for  so  good  a  man  and 
so  gallant  a  soldier. 


"  He  fell  asleep  in  rosy  May 

And  kindly  was  laid  to  rest ; 

Sleeping  now  in  his  coat  of  gray, 

God  knoweth  what  is  best." 

— MRS.   BETTIE  POORE. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  197 


OXFORD,   MISS. 

The  splendid  monument  erected  by  Lafayette  County 
Camp,  752,  U.  C.  V.,  stands  on  the  public  square  imme- 
diately south  of  the  court  house  in  town  of  Oxford, 
and  the  statue  representing  the  Confederate  soldier  faces 
southward.  It  is  to  commemorate  the  valor  and  hero- 
ism so  conspicuously  shown  by  the  Confederate  soldiers 
on  the  numerous  battlefields  of  our  Southern  land,  and 
also  the  sublime  fortitude  of  Southern  women.  It  is 
said  that  Lafayette  County  furnished  more  men  to  the 
armies  of  the  Confederacy  than  any  other  of  this  State, 
many  of  whom  sleep  in  unknown  graves  on  the  various 
battlefields  of  the  South. 

The  monument  is  32  feet  in  height. 

There  are  two  monuments  at  Oxford ;  one  stands  on 
the  campus  of  the  university;  built  partly  in  honor  of 
the  soldiers  of  Lafayette  County  and  partly  in  memory 
of  six  hundred  sons  of  the  South  who  died  in  the  hos- 
pital and  were  buried  on  the  university  grounds  about 
a  half  mile  from  the  campus.  Only  two  Mississippians 
are  among  them.  This  cemetery  is  enclosed  by  a  sub- 
stantial iron  fence;  a  granite  memorial  stone  6  feet 
square  and  8  feet  high  stands  in  the  center  of  the  plot, 
bearing  the  inscription  : 

OUR   HEROES 

1861-1865. 


The  U.  D.  C.  Chapter  keeps  it  in  order  and  holds  pub- 
lic exercises  there  on  Decoration  Day  tending  to  keep  alive 
the  memory  of  those  who  in  the  days  of  the  South's  deep 
sorrow  failed  not,  nor  faltered  in  their  devotion  to  the 
precepts  of  liberty  held  so  dear  by  the  people  of  our  dear 
South. 


198          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

The  inscriptions  of  this  monument  are  as  follows: 

(North) 
(Greek   Inscription) 

(West) 
TO  THE 
HEROES 

OF   LAFAYETTE   COUNTY 

WHOSE  VALOROUS  DEVOTION 

MADE  GLORIOUS   MANY  A 

BATTLEFIELD. 

(East) 
TO  OUR  CONFEDERATE  DEAD 

1861-1865. 

ERECTED  BY  THE 

A.  S.  JOHNSTON  CHAPTER,  U.   D.  C. 
(Crossed    Swords) 

(South) 

"  THEY   FELL,   DEVOTED,   BUT   UNDYING, 
THE  VERY  GALES  THEIR  NAMES  SEEM  SIGHING, 
THE  WATERS  MURMUR  OF  THEIR  NAME, 
THE  WOODS  WERE  PEOPLED  WITH  THEIR  FAME; 
THE    SILENT   PILLAR,    LONE   AND   GRAY 
CLAIMED  KINDRED  WITH.  THEIR  SACRED  CLAY; 
THEIR  MEMORY  SPARKLES  O'ER  THE  FOUNTAIN, 
THE  MEANEST  RILL,  THE  MIGHTIEST  RIVER 
ROLLED  MINGLING  WITH  THEIR  FAME  FOREVER." 

~* 

The  other  monument  is  of  Georgia  marble  taken  from 
the  Tate  quarries,  where  Joseph  E.  Johnston  fought 
some  of  the  great  battles  of  the  war.  It  is  31  feet  high. 
The  figure  of  soldier  at  the  top  is  7  feet  high,  fashioned 
of  Carrara  marble.  This  monument  carries  the  following 
inscriptions : 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  199 


(South) 

IN  MEMORY  OF  THE  PATRIOTISM 

OF  THE  CONFEDERATE  SOLDIERS 

OF  LAFAYETTE  COUNTY,  MISS. 

ERECTED,    1907. 

(.West) 

A    LOVING    TRIBUTE    TO    THE    MEMORY 

OF    OUR   DEAD   HEROES    BY   THE    PATRIOTIC 

DAUGHTERS    OF    LAFAYETTE    CO. 

(.North) 

THE    SONS    OF    VETERANS   UNITE   IN 

THIS  JUSTIFICATION  OF  THEIR 

FATHERS'  FAITH. 

(East) 

A    TRIBUTE    TO    OUR    CONFEDERATE 
DEAD  BY  THEIR  SURVIVING  COMRADES. 

On  the  occasion  of  the  unveiling,  May  10,  1906,  Mr. 
Scott,  the  orator  of  the  day,  said : 

"  More  than  forty  years  have  passed  away  since  the 
fall  of  the  Confederate  States  of  America,  the  youngest, 
the  noblest,  the  bravest  of  all  the  nations  of  earth. 
When  her  stainless  banner  was  forever  furled  on  the 
fateful  field  of  Appomattox  the  enlightened  lovers  of 
liberty  and  justice  in  all  countries  and  all  climes  joined 
with  the  distressed  sons  and  daughters  of  the  South, 
saying  with  heavy  hearts : 

"  Let  the  ritual  now  be  read, 

The  requiem'  now  be  sung, 
An  anthem  for  the  queenliest  dead 

That  ever  died  so  young; 
A  dirge  for  her  doubly  dead, 

In  that  she  died  so  young." 


200 


"  Go  where  you  will  within  the  confines  of  the  civilized 
world,  and  the  memory^  of  Southern  valor  and  Southern 
chivalry  is  venerated  and  esteemed.  It  was  my  good 
fortune  to  see  this  fact  exemplified  during  the  past  sea- 
son. One  night  in  October  last  I  was  seated  with  my 
wife  and  daughter  in  the  rotunda  of  the  Grand  Hotel 
in  Paris,  one  of  the  handsomest  hotels  in  all  the  world. 
It  was  brilliantly  lighted  with  something  like  one  thou- 
sand incandescent  lights.  This  rotunda,  with  the  ad- 
joining cafe  and  dining  hall,  constitutes  one  vast  room, 
with  a  seating  capacity  of  1500  persons,  and  every  avail- 
able space  was  occupied.  We  sat  and  listened  to  the 
full,  inspiring  tones  of  the  music  as  the  splendid  band 
rendered  many  artistic  and  popular  airs.  These  included 
a  number  of  national  anthems,  among  them  those  of 
Great  Britain,  Germany  and  the  United  States.  And 
then  rang  out  the  '  Marseillaise,'  the  national  hymn  of 
France.  The  crowd  enjoyed  all,  but  gave  no  audible 
sign  of  approval.  Finally,  my  fellow-citizens,  the  quick, 
glad  tones  of  '  Dixie '  filled  the  air.  Instantly  every 
reserve  light  was  flashed  on;  and  as  the  exhilarating 
strains  grew  louder  and  louder,  filling  the  vast  hall  and 
reaching  to  the  lofty  dome,  there  arose  prolonged  and 
deafening  applause.  Before  realizing  it,  I  found  myself 
on  my  feet,  with  tears  in  my  eyes,  scarcely  able  to  re- 
strain my  emotions;  and  if  you,  my  fellow-Mississip- 
pians,  had  been  there,  we  would  have  startled  the  aston- 
ished ear  of  Paris  for  once  at  least,  with  that  weird,  wild 
cry  known  to  all  men  as  the  '  Rebel  Yell.' 

"  This  ovation  to  '  Dixie '  was  not  an  accident.  The 
air  was  rendered  again  during  our  stay  at  the  same 
hotel.  Again  the  reserve  lights  flashed  on  and  the  ap- 
plause followed,  a  distinction  not  accorded  to  any  other 
national  air.  Why  is  '  Dixie '  so  honored  in  the  far- 
off  land  of  the  French  lilies?  The  cause  is  not  far  to 
seek.  It  is  the  involuntary  homage  by  the  civilized 
world  to  the  memory  of  the  old  South,  once  radiant 
with  all  the  glory  that  was  Greece,  and  all  the  grandeur 
that  was  Rome. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  201 

"  No  nation  rose  so  white  and  fair, 
None  fell  so  pure  of  crime." 

"  The  world  is  beginning  now  to  recognize  this  fact, 
and  we  are,  in  part  at  least,  understood. 

"  The  Confederate  soldier,  my  friends,  was  different  in 
many  salient  characteristics  from  all  the  warriors  of  the 
world.  With  the  exception  of  a  few  officers  educated 
at  West  Point,  they  were  entirely  lacking  in  military 
training  or  experience.  High-strung,  spirited  and  inde- 
pendent, they  were  naturally  impatient  of  discipline  or 
restraint,  yet  they  made  superb  soldiers.  The  Southern 
soldier,  whether  officer  or  private,  fought  neither  for 
gold  nor  other  gain.  The  call  to  arms  was  prompted 
neither  by  vengeance  nor  hatred.  No  unholy  lust  for 
conquest  nor  consuming  love  for  martial  glory  sum- 
moned them  from  their  peaceful  homes  to  the  tented 
fields.  These  men  battled  for  a  principle,  in  which  each 
believed  with  all  his  heart,  soul  and  mind.  Over- 
whelmed at  last  by  countless  numbers  and  the  boundless 
resources  of  a  hostile  world  (for  the  South  fought  the 
whole  world),  the  soldiers  returned  to  their  desolate 
homes  and  devastated  fields ;  but  they  promptly  assumed 
and  faithfully  discharged  the  duties  of  American  citi- 
zens. All  this  was  done  with  a  Southern  grace  and 
courtesy  and  good  humor  which  in  time  disarmed  criti- 
cism and  enmity,  and  brought  peace  and  good  will  to 
the  whole  country. 

"  The  war  is  over.  Its  animosities  have  passed  away. 
The  house  of  York  is  no  longer  arrayed  against  the 
house  of  Lancaster;  the  white  rose  and  the  red  now 
cluster  lovingly  and  peacefully  side  by  side  on  the  fair 
bosom  of  our  beloved  country.  Nevertheless  we  must 
keep  the  record  clean.  We  owe  this  to  ourselves  and  to 
our  children  and  to  our  beloved  Southland. 

"At  last  the  whole  nation  begins  to  show  signs  of  ac- 
cepting the  noble  and  patriotic  sentiment  of  Oxford's 
statesman  and  peerless  orator,  the  incomparable  Lamar : 
'  My  countrymen,  know  one  another  and  you  will  love 
one  another.'  " 


202          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


RAYMOND,    MISS. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1908. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  203 


ERECTED  BY  THE  PEOPLE  OF  HINDS 
COUNTY,  IN  GRATEFUL  MEMORY  OF 
THEIR  MEN  WHO  IN  1861-1865  GAVE 
OR  OFFERED  TO  GIVE  THEIR  LIVES 
FOR  THE  MAINTENANCE  OF  CONSTITU- 
TIONAL GOVERNMENT,  AND  TO  THE  HE- 
ROIC WOMEN  WHOSE  DEVOTION  TO 
OUR  CAUSE  IN  ITS  DARKEST  HOUR 
SUSTAINED  THE  STRONG  AND  STRENGTH- 
ENED THE  WEAK. 

WE    OF    THE    SOUTH    REMEMBER, 
WE  OF  THE  SOUTH  REVERE. 


RAYMOND,  MISS. 

This  beautiful  work  of  art,  for  the  erection  of  which 
the  Board  of  Supervisors  of  the  county  appropriated 
the  sum  of  four  thousand  dollars,  stands  in  the  court- 
house yard  at  Raymond. 

The  base  is  of  Texas  pink  granite  in  four  solid  blocks, 
the  lowest  1 1  feet  in  length.  The  shaft  proper  is  of 
Texas  gray  granite  25  feet  in  height  and  is  surmounted 
by  a  statue  in  bronze  of  a  Confederate  soldier.  The 
soldier  stands  at  rest,  the  left  foot  slightly  extended,  the 
butt  of  the  musket  resting  on  the  pedestal  near  it.  All 
the  accouterments  are  perfect,  and  the  details  of  the 
uniform  accurate,  even  to  the  shoestrings  and  the  socks 
pulled  over  the  lower  part  of  the  trousers  as  our  sol- 
diers used  to  wear  them. 

In  bas-relief  on  the  shaft  just  under  the  statue  are 
emblems  of  the  four  arms  of  the  service — a  field-piece 
for  the  artillery,  crossed  s\vords  for  the  cavalry,  crossed 
muskets  for  the  infantry,  an  anchor  for  the  navy.  Near 
the  base  is  a  bronze  tablet  on  which  is  represented  in  bas- 
relief  a  woman  supporting  a  dying  soldier  with  her  left 
hand  and  giving  him  water  with  her  right. 

The  designer  and  builder  of  the  monument  is  Frank 
Teich,  of  Llano,  Texas. — Mrs.  Sarah  D.  Egglcston. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


VICKSBURG,  MISS. 

CONFEDERATE    MOMUMENT 

This  monument  is  situated  on  a  mound  in  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  spots  in  the  city  cemetery. 

It  is  exactly  twenty-four  feet  from  base  to  apex,  but 
though  of  no  great  height  its  design  is  so  artistic  and  its 
proportions  so  just  that  it  would  attract  attention  in  the 
presence  of  more  pretentious  shafts.  Dedicated  to  the 
soldiers  from  all  the  States  who  fell  in  defense  of  Vicks- 
burg,  it  is  a  tribute  to  universal  Southern  manhood,  for 
no  Southern  State,  it  is  believed,  is  without  representa- 
tives among  those  who  sleep  beneath  it.  The  body  of 
the  monument  is  of  white  Italian  marble  adorned  with 
four  reversed  cannon  and  as  many  piles  of  balls,  of  Ten- 
nessee marble.  The  statue  of  a  Confederate  soldier 
which  crowns  its  summit  was  carved  at  Carrara,  Italy, 
and  is  singularly  lifelike  in  pose  and  feature.  The  hands 
rest  on  the  old  familiar  rifle,  the  head  is  bent  forward, 
the  feet  are  placed  somewhat  apart  as  if  firmly  planted 
on  a  rugged  surface.  It  is  a  typical  figure  and  such  a 
one  as  might  have  been  seen  on  a  thousand  battlefields 
during  the  war.  The  statue  faces  the  south. 

Mrs.  Lou  Clarke  has  kindly  given  the  data  for  this 
monument. 

Inscriptions: 

(Front) 
1861-1865. 

IN  MEMORY  OF  THE  MEN  FROM 
ALL  THE  STATES  OF  THE  SOUTH 
WHO  FELL  IN  THE  DEFENSE  OF 
VICKSBURG  DURING  THE  SIEGE  OF 
47  DAYS— MAY  18  TO  JULY  3, 
1863— A  DEFENSE  UNSURPASSED 
IN  THE  ANNALS  OF  WAR  FOR  HE- 
ROISM, ENDURANCE  OF  HARDSHIP 
AND  PATRIOTIC  DEVOTION. 


HISTORIC     M  O  N  U  M  E  N  T  S  205 


"  We  care   not  whence  they   came, 

Dear  is   their   lifeless  clay! 
Whether   unknown   or   known   to    fame, 
Their  cause  and  country  still   the  same, 

They   died — and   they   wore   the  gray.' 


CONFEDERATE  DEAD. 

(Right) 

'  HERE  REST  SOME  FEW  OF  THOSE  WHO,  VAINLY  BRAVE, 
DIED  FOR  THE  LAND  THEY  LOVED  BUT  COULD  NOT  SAVE. 

(.Left) 

"  OUR  DEAD  ARE  MOURNED  FOREVER. 
THROUGH    ALL    THE    FUTURE   AGES 
IN  HISTORY  AND  IN   STORY 
THEIR   FAME    SHALL    SHINE, 
THEIR    NAME    SHALL    TWINE, 
THEY   NEED   NO   GREATER    GLORY. 
HERE  LIE  THE  DEAD   WHO   FOUGHT   AND   BLED 
AND    FELL   IN   GARB   OF   GRAY. 
OURS    THE    FATE    OF    THE    VANQUISHED 
WHOSE   HEARTACHES   NEVER   CEASE, 
OURS    THE    TEARS, 
REGRET   AND   TEARS, 
THEIRS    THE    ETERNAL    PEACE." 

(Cornerstone) 

"  YICKSBURG    CONFEDERATE    CEMETERY    ASSOCIATION. 
Organized   May    15,    1866. 


MRS.   E.   T.   EGGLESTON,   President. 
MRS.  W.  H.  STEVENS,  First  Vice-President. 
MRS.  E.   D.  WRIGHT,  Second  Vice-President. 
MRS.  THOS.  A.  MARSHALL,  Third  Vice-Pres't. 
MRS.  ANNIE  DEMoss,  Fourth  Vice-President. 
MRS.   A.   H.   ARTHUR,  Treasurer." 


206          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


GENERAL  CLEMENT  A.  EVANS  TELLS  OF 
STEPHEN  D.  LEE 

Our  thoughts  and  feelings  to-day  concentrate  fitly  on 
the  patriotic  life  of  Lieutenant-General  Lee,  as  we  shall 
always  associate  him  with  the  great  events  in  which  he 
acted  his  distinguished  part.  I  will  make  his  well-known 
life  the  theme,  his  character  an  example,  and  his  career 
the  suggestion  of  the  citizen's  patriotic  duty.  What  a 
noble  man  he  was !  Not  merely  a  titular  nobleman  with- 
out the  noble  graces,  but  a  monumental  nobility  proven 
by  his  deeds,  belonged  to  him  without  other  escutcheon. 
This  monument  declares  his  fame,  and  our  country  will 
accept  it  as  a  part  of  its  own  glory. 

His  comrades  and  his  countrymen  know  the  great 
activity  of  his  service  and  its  wide  area,  first,  in  his  native 
State,  then  Virginia  and  the  Confederacy,  and  at  Vicks- 
burg,  where  he  shared  with  the  Confederate  armies  the 
fate  of  the  city's  fall.  When  exchanged  he  was  pro- 
moted major-general  commanding  Confederate  cavalry 
over  several  States  in  fighting  comradeship  with  the  great 
cavalry  leader,  General  Bedford  Forrest,  until,  rising  to 
the  rank  of  lieutenant-general,  he  commanded  his  corps 
in  Georgia,  Tennessee  and  the  Carolinas  to  the  surrender 
of  Johnston's  army.  In  a  review  of  these  varied  services 
in  actual  battle,  it  was  said  of  him  by  Mr.  Davis,  not 
long  before  his  death,  "  Stephen  D.  Lee  was  one  of  the 
very  best  all-round  soldiers  we  had.  I  tried  him  in  artil- 
lery, and  he  handled  the  guns  so  superbly  that  I  thought 
we  could  never  spare  him  from  that  arm  of  the  service. 
I  tried  him  in  cavalry,  and  then  I  thought  he  was  born 
for  that  service,  and  when  I  put  him  to  command  infan- 
try he  was  as  equally  able  in  that  position." 

I  have  compressed  into  a  paragraph  the  four  years' 
brilliarft  military  career  of  a  great  Confederate  soldier 
which  may  be  expanded  into  volumes  by  narrating  the 
wonderful  incidents  of  that  vast  war  in  which  he  achieved 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  207 


MONUMENT   OF    STEPHEN    D.    LEE, 
VICKSBURG,    MISS. 


208          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

the  military  fame  our  country  delights  to  honor:  At  the 
close  of  his  war  life,  in  full  vigor  of  his  thirty-two  years, 
there  can  be  found  no  unfitness  for  public  service  in  any 
trait  of  quality  of  character,  or  act  of  his  bright  career, 
which  suggests  a  cause  of  any  kind  why  the  honors  of 
this  remarkable  memorial  should  not  crown  him.  Not 
a  cloud  lowered  around  his  name.  If  it  be  becoming  in 
man  to  be  brave,  he  had  that  excellency  of  manhood,  for 
the  best  ideas  of  chivalry  were  exemplified  by  his  cour- 
age, since  he  fought  as  a  patriot  without  malice  toward 
his  enemy.  If  the  grace  of  courtesy  is  the  charm  of 
chivalry,  he  displayed  that  quality  in  his  gentle  mold 
of  manner,  gentility  of  speech  and  amiability  of  spirit. 
If  it  is  a  virtue  to  be  generous  in  considering  honest 
conflicts  of  opinion  among  reasonable  men,  he  exer- 
cised that  attribute  without  ever  sacrificing  his  beliefs  or 
his  princely  conception  of  honor.  His  hand  never  with- 
held what  was  another's  due.  His  tongue  did  not  falter 
in  praise  when  it  was  merited  by  a  foe.  His  heart  flowed 
with  limpid  charity  for  all,  and  his  life  was  passed  in 
faithful  service  of  man  and  God.  He  will  be  remem- 
bered forever  in  the  biography  of  Americans  as  a  type 
of  the  true  citizen,  the  courageous,  skillful,  generous 
leader  in  war ;  the  ardent  Confederate  comrade,  the  true 
gentleman,  the  affectionate  husband  and  father,  and,  above 
all,  the  consistent  Christian  man.  By  common  generous 
consent  it  is  a  thing  incredible  that  Stephen  D.  Lee  would 
cordially  embrace  a  cause  and  fight  for  it  bravely  to  the 
end,  if  he  did  not  know  on  full  consideration  that  he 
was  right. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  209 


MISSISSIPPI  EXPERIENCES 

Senator  McLatirin,  of  Mississippi,  said  of  what  that 
State  has  endured : 

"  I  have  seen  the  soil  of  Mississippi  drenched  with  the 
blood  of  her  sons  that  laid  the  dust  like  rain.  I  have  seen 
the  careworn  women  and  hungry  children  of  our  State 
cry  for  bread,  while  the  contents  of  their  cribs  and  their 
smokehouses  went  up  in  flames,  kindled  by  the  hands  of 
invaders  in  resistless  numbers.  I  have  seen  the  elements 
black  with  the  smoke  of  our  cities  andi  towns  and  villages 
and  country  homes,  and  our  schoolhouses  and  churches 
and  eleemosynary  institutions  erected  for  the  care  of  the 
halt  and  lame  and  blind  and  deaf  and  dumb  and  those  be- 
reft of  mind,  when  the  torch  was  applied  by  hostile  armies. 
I  have  seen  the  time  come  when,  arrived  at  the  age  of  six- 
teen, under  a  sense  of  duty  I  still  approve,  I  took  a  rifle  as 
a  private  and  joined  the  ranks  to  fight  against  that  gov- 
ernment for  the  establishment  of  which  my  ancestors  only 
three  generations  removed  fought  in  the  incipiency  of  the 
Revolution.  I  have  seen  the  time  come  when,  our  treas- 
ury emptied,  our  ranks  depleted,  the  sources  from  which 
they  were  recruited  exhausted,  we  were  compelled  to  lay 
down  our  arms,  and  $400,000,000  of  property  in  which 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  invited  us  to  invest 
the  fruits  of  our  toil  was  swept  away  without  indemnity. 
I  have  seen  the  time  come  when  it  was  declared  that  we 
were  not  a  part  of  this  Union.  I  have  seen  the  time  come 
when  there  was  put  in  charge  of  the  government  of  Mis- 
sissippi a  race  of  people  who  knew  no  letter  nor  book, 
who  knew  nothing  of  government  except  the  absolute 
government  of  the  slave  by  the  master,  and  whose  only 
training  for  self-government,  to  say  nothing  for  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  white  superior  race,  and  whose  only  ele- 
vation from  barbarism  and  cannibalism  was  found  in  the 
school  of  slavery." 


210          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


WEST    POINT,    MISS. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1907. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  211 


(East) 

NO    NATION   ROSE    SO   WHITE  AND   FAIR 
OR  FELL   SO  PURE  OF  CRIME." 

CLAY  COUNTY  HOLDS   IN   PROUD   AND 
GRATEFUL    REMEMBRANCE   HER   BRAVE 
AND  LOYAL   SONS  WHO   PREFERRED 
DEATH   TO   A    BETRAYAL    OF   HER 
DEAREST   PRINCIPLES! 

MIGHT    OVERCAME! 
LET  NOT  HER  SONS  FORGET  THAT 
THESE   UNSULLIED   HEROES   FOUGHT 
FOR  RIGHT. 

(.West) 
1861— GLORIA    VICTIS— 1865. 

JOHN  M.  STONE  CHAPTER,  UNITED 
DAUGHTERS  OF  THE  "CONFEDERACY, 
PAYS   TRIBUTE   TO    THE    CONFEDER- 
ATE  SOLDIERS  OF  CLAY  COUNTY. 

C.    S.    A. 


WEST  POINT,  MISS. 

The  monument  is  marble,  resting  on  stone  bases,  and 
is  43  feet  high  from  bottom  to  pointed  top.  North  of 
the  monument  there  is  a  pole,  from  which  the  battle- 
flag  floats. 

It  was  unveiled  August  8,  1907,  which  is  called  West 
Point's  greatest  day. 

It  is  estimated  that  seven  thousand  people  witnessed 
the  unveiling  ceremonies. 


MISSOURI 


HIST  ()  11 1  C     MONUMENTS          215 


ROOSEVELT'S  TRIBUTE  TO  THE  SOUTH 

Theodore  Roosevelt  is  quoted  by  the  Veteran  as  say- 
ing in  his  "  Life  of  Thomas  H.  Benton  "  : 

"  The  Southerners  by  their  whole  mode  of  living, 
their  habits,  their  love  of  outdoor  sports,  kept  up  their 
warlike  spirit,  while  in  the  North  the  so-called  upper 
classes  developed  along  the  lines  of  a  wealthy  and  bour- 
geois type,  measuring  everything  by  a  mercantile  stand- 
ard (a  peculiarly  debasing  one,  if  taken  purely  by  itself), 
and  submitting  to  be  ruled  in  local  affairs  by  low,  for- 
eign mobs,  and  in  national  affairs  by  their  arrogant 
Southern  kinsmen.  The  militant  spirit  of  these  last 
certainly  stood  them  in  good  stead  in  the  Civil  War." 

Further :  "  The  world  has  never  seen  better  soldiers 
than  those  who  followed  Lee,  and  their  leader  will  un- 
doubtedly rank,  without  any  exception,  as  the  very  great- 
est of  all  the  great  captains  that  the  English-speaking 
peoples  have  brought  forth ;  and  this  although  the  last 
and  chief  of  his  antagonists  may  himself  claim  to  stand 
as  the  full  equal  of  Marlborough  or  Wellington." 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


FREDERICKTOWN,    MO. 
CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  217 


(West) 

IN  MEMORY  OF 
CONFEDERATE 

SOLDIERS 
KILLED  IN  BATTLE 

AT 

FREDERICKTOWN, 
OCTOBER    21,     1861. 


WE   KNOW   NOT   WHENCE   THEY   CAME, 

DEAR   IS   THEIR   LIFELESS   CLAY: 
WHETHER    UNKNOWN    OR    KNOWN    TO    FAME, 

THEY    DIED,    AND    WORE    THE    GRAY. 


FREDERICKTOWN,   MO. 

The  height  of  this  monument  is  18  feet.  It  stands  in 
the  northwest  corner  of  the  Masonic  Cemetery.  It  was 
placed  there  a  few  years  ago  by  the  citizens  of  Frederick- 
town  and  vicinity. 

The  inscription  shows  the  purpose  of  the  monument : 
to  honor  American  heroes  who  died  in  defense  of  their 
rights. 

Fredericktown,  Mo.,  has  another  memorial  of  the 
conflict  between  the  States — a  monument  erected  some 
twenty  years  ago  to  the  honor  of  Colonel  Lowe, 
by  the  citizens  of  Fredericktown  and  of  Doniphan,  Rip- 
ley  County,  Mo.,  that  being  the  home  of  Colonel  Lowe, 
at  the  time  of  his  death. 

The  monument,  7  feet  high,  is  erected  in  the  Catholic 
Cemetery. 

Colonel  Lowe  was  a  Mason,  and  was  a  soldier  in  the 
Mexican  War. — N.  B.  Watts. 


218  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

HERE    HEROES    SLEEP. 
CONFEDERATE    DEAD. 

LEXINGTON,  MO. 

This  granite  monument  was  erected  to  the  memory 
of  about  fifty  soldiers  of  the  Confederacy  who  were 
buried  near  the  spot  on  which  it  stands,  in  what  is  now 
Machpelah  Cemetery. 

The  names  of  about  twenty  of  them  are  carved  in  the 
stone  on  the  opposite  side.  It  was  designed  to  have  a 
statue  of  a  Confederate  soldier  on  the  pedestal,  but  this 
has  not  yet  been  placed  in  position. 

At  the  time  of  the  occupation  of  Missouri  by  General 
Price  in  1864,  six  Confederate  soldiers  of  his  army  were 
captured  in  Lexington  and  shot  under  the  general  order  of 
General  Rosecrans  that  all  Confederate  soldiers  wearing 
blue  uniforms  should  be  killed  without  trial.  (Since  by 
this  time  the  Southern  soldier  must  necessarily  wear 
whatever  he  could  find  with  which  to  clothe  himself, 
this  was  one  of  the  brutal  and  useless  massacres  which 
marked  the  war  in  Missouri.) 

Those  six  soldiers  were  shot  near  the  old  Fair  Ground 
and  their  bodies  were  laid  beside  their  dead  comrades  in 
this  lot.  Otho  Hinton  was  shot  while  attempting  to 
escape  from  prison. 

NAMES  CUT  IN  MARBLE. 

W.  ALLEN  MO.     J.  H.  MCMAHAN          MO. 

BANKENHEAD  JOHN  W.  MASON 

BROOKS  O'BRIEN 

BROWN  TROUT 

W.  COOPER  WILKINSON 

CRAWFORD  W.  YOUNG 

CAPT.  DALE  SHEPPARD  VA. 

OTHO  HINTON  SUMMERS  ARK. 

W.  MCCORD  MCCONNELL,  IRELAND 

G.  MCNEILL  W.  CAMPBELL  KY. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


219 


LEXINGTON,    MO. 
CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 


The  names  of  the  others  are  not  known. 

These  truly  rank  with  heroes.  The  well-kept  grass 
and  fragrant  flowers  testify  to  a  grateful  remembrance 
of  their  sacrificial  deeds. 

Mrs.  W.  G.  McCausland  was  diligent  in  securing  this 
monument  and  was  made  the  first  President  of  Sterling 
Price  Chapter,  U.  D.  C.— Mrs.  G.  W.  Hyde. 


220          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

(East) 
(FLAGS) 

ERECTED 

IN 

HONOR  OF  THE 

CONFEDERATE 

SOLDIERS 

OF 

CLAY  COUNTY,  MO. 
(CROSSED    SABERS) 


(South) 
"  IN  GOD  WE  TRUST." 

(West) 
IN    MEMORY    OF   THE 

DAUGHTERS    OF 
THE    CONFEDERACY. 

(North) 

THIS    MONUMENT,    ERECTED 
THROUGH   THE   LIBERAL- 
ITY   OF    THE    CITIZENS 

OF 

CLAY   COUNTY, 
WAS    CONCEIVED    AND    PRO- 
MOTED BY  CAPT.   PHILIP  W. 
REDDISH,    CO.   C,   2ND  MO.,    OF 
GEN.    FORREST'S    CAVALRY. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  221 


LIBERTY,    MO. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1904. 


222          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


LIBERTY,  MO. 

The  monument  at  Liberty,  Mo.,  erected  in  honor  of 
the  Confederate  soldiers  of  Clay  County,  is  in  Fairview 
Cemetery.  It  was  unveiled  October  I,  1904,  with  the 
ceremonies  appropriate  to  the  heroes  whose  deeds  it  com- 
memorates. The  memorial  is  of  Vermont  granite,  and 
is  20  feet  high  from  ground  to  the  top  of  the  statue. 

The  effigy  of  a  Confederate  soldier  which  adorns  the 
summit  is  of  bronze. 

The  Confederate  Veteran,  Nashville,  in  its  account  of 
the  unveiling  of  the  monument,  said : 

"  The  erection  of  this  monument  is  due  to  the  special 
effort  of  Captain  P.  W.  Reddish,  who  inaugurated  the 
movement,  and  was  ably  assisted  by  other  Confederates" 
of  the  county. 

"  This  work  was  done  by  Comrade  Reddish  through 
his  love  and  affection  for  the  dead  comrades  who  never 
knew  the  result  of  the  war." 


SOUTHRONS    REMEMBERED 
BY  FRED  G.  HOLLMAN,  NEOSHO,  Mo. 

Every  burial  ground  of  the  Southern  soldier  bears  the 
handiwork  of  the  loyal  women  of  the  South.  Every  bit 
of  greensward  and  every  granite  headstone  is  a  tribute 
to  the  hearts  and  hands  of  those  who  will  not  forget. 
Not  a  springing  shrub  or  fragrant  bloom  but  tells  the 
story  of  the  Southern  heart's  devotion. 

Did  you  ever  step  from  a  stately  national  cemetery  into 
a  graveyard  of  the  Confederate  dead?  Is  there  not 
something  powerfully  pathetic  in  the  forces  which  have 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  223 

cared  for  the  resting  places  of  the  gray  ?  And  not  while 
the  sun  gleams  brightly  and  the  moon  smiles  softly  will 
the  women  of  the  South  forget  their  dead.  Every  vet- 
eran's tomb  is  to  them  a  hallowed  spot.  Each  day  there 
is  another  company  marching  to  the  final  muster.  But 
the  mounds  freshly  turned  are  no  more  sacred  than  the 
trenches  dug  in  1861.  The  luster  of  the  South  has  never 
dimmed.  Such  names  as  Johnston,  Gordon,  Lee,  and 
Jackson  stand  out  boldly  like  stars  in  a  blue-black  sky. 
And  yet  the  rank  and  file  are  not  forgotten.  The  names 
of  the  unnamed  heroes  who  made  with  their  bodies  a 
rampart  for  minie  ball  and  shrapnel,  who  sank  alone  and 
uncared  for  on  the  field,  are  in  the  same  grand  class  as 
those  who  earned  a  higher  fame.  There  is  a  world  of 
human  honesty  in  the  human  world,  after  all.  Have 
you  not  seen  a  general's  monument  engarlanded  with  the 
subtle,  scented  blossoms  and  see  the  same  sweet  burden 
laid  on  the  unmarked  grave  beside  it?  It  all  means  that 
the  South  will  not  forget  its  dead.  Four  decades  have 
passed  since  the  stars  and  bars  rippled  in  the  Richmond 
breezes,  but  the  picture  is  still  bright  in  the  Dixie  heart. 
Forty  years  have  passed  since  the  guns  roared  at  Manas- 
sas,  V'icksburg,  Seven  Pines,  and  Malvern  Hill;  but  the 
echo  is  not  yet  spent.  The  dead  are  not  forgotten. 
Whose  was  the  greater  suffering,  that  of  the  men  who 
toiled  in  the  smoke  and  flame  of  the  battle  line  or  the 
frailer  ones  who  remained  in  suspense  at  home?  Those 
years  will  not  be  forgotten.  Only  the  Great  Alchemist 
shall  say  why  he  molds  the  hearts  of  his  children  in  the 
crucible. 


NEOSHO,    MO. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 
1902. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  225 


1902. 

IN    MEMORY    OF 

CONFEDERATE 

DEAD. 


NEOSHO,  MO. 

The  Neosho  monument  is  located  in  the  Odd  Fellows' 
Cemetery,  one  mile  southwest  of  the  town.  It  is  a  beauti- 
ful tract,  containing  twelve  acres  and  situated  on  a  roll- 
ing ridge.  The  monument  was  erected  in  honor  of  the 
Confederate  dead  by  the  Freeman  Camp,  U.  C.  V.,  of 
Neosho. 

This  monument  marks  the  actual  resting  place  of  163 
of  our  soldier  dead.  Forty  of  these  died  while  General 
Price  was  in  camp  here  in  the  summer  of  1861.  Two 
small  battles  were  fought  here  in  Neosho,  in  which  80 
Confederates  were  killed,  and  buried  in  this  cemetery. 
The  battles  of  Newtonia  were  fought  in  1861  and  in 
1864.  In  these  battles  43  Confederate  soldiers  fell  and 
were  buried  in  Newtonia.  After  the  organization  of  the 
camp  here  the  bodies  of  these  martyrs  were  removed  to 
our  cemetery,  where  the  monument  stands. 

The  moving  spirit  in  erecting  the  monument  was  Dr. 
Paul  C.  Yates,  who  entered  the  army  from  Randolph 
County,  but  lived  the  last  twenty-five  years  of  his  life  in 
Neosho. 

While  at  Newtonia,  to  deliver  the  memorial  address, 
May  30,  1908,  I  walked  over  the  battlefield  where  our 
Confederate  dead  fell.  It  seemed  meet  that  we  should 
stand  with  uncovered  head  in  the  presence  of  our  loved 
dead.  The  occasion  gathered  unto  itself  some  of  the  sad- 


226          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

dest  memories  our  hearts  could  cherish.  Words  proved 
but  shadows  of  the  great  flood-tide  of  holy  emotion  that 
struggled  for  utterance.  Some  of  us  went  out  to  the 
cemetery  and  laid  our  sweetest  flowers  on  the  unnamed 
graves  of  our  soldier  dead.  We  stood  there  while  the 
sweet  perfume  of  flowers  mingled  with  the  holy  and 
blessed  memories  that  crowded  into  our  minds  and  hearts. 
None  of  these  resting  here  wore  any  insignia  of  rank ; 
but  in  the  book  of  the  chronicles  of  brave  men  it  is  re- 
corded that  they  wore  a  hero's  heart  within.  In  the 
annals  of  history  their  names  are  not  mentioned.  No 
chaplet  of  glory  or  wreath  of  honor  has  been  given  to 
them.  This  simple  monument  will  mark  their  resting 
place  till  God's  angel  shall  roll  away  the  stone. — Lee 
Harrel. 


YOU    HAVE    SEEN    THAT    MAN 

To  you,  my  comrades,  this  monument  and  statue  is  not 
the  delineation  of  a  dream :  it  is  the  portraiture  of  a 
memory.  A  thousand  times  you  have  seen  that  man. 
You  have  seen  him  in  the  smoke  and  blaze  of  battle,  in 
the  carnage  and  strife;  you  have  seen  him  on  the  picket 
line ;  you  have  seen  him  in  the  trench ;  you  have  seen  him 
when  the  halo  of  victory  was  on  his  face ;  you  have  seen 
him  when  beaten  and  driven  back,  but  you  never  did  see 
in  his  face  or  in  his  bearing  a  look  or  a  gesture  that  was 
not  noble  or  inspiring.  See  now  how  the  sculptor  has 
portrayed  the  character!  Intelligence,  courage,  deter- 
mination, a  shadow  of  disappointment,  a  trace  of  sadness, 
but  on  the  whole  a  nobility  unmarred  by  the  least  trace  of 
ferocity,  or  aught  that  does  not  become  a  man  made  in 
the  image  of  God. — Judge  Valliant. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  227 


PALMYRA,   MO. 

This  fine  monument  stands  on  the  Court  House  Square 
in  Palmyra.  It  has  a  melancholy  history.  The  inscrip- 
tions on  it  do  not  tell  the  story.  If  you  go  to  look  at  it, 
you  will  have  to  ask  the  nearest  bystander  what  it  means. 
Anyone  in  Palmyra  can  tell  you. 

The  people  gave  the  chief  actor,  a  Federal  officer,  the 
name  of  "  Butcher." 

A  number  of  Southern  soldiers,  prisoners,  were  in  his 
power.  A  man  named  Allsman  was  taken  from  his 
home,  it  was  alleged,  by  Southern  sympathizers  and 
probably  killed.  On  October  8,  1862,  the  commander 
who  had  these  prisoners  in  his  power  published  a  notice 
to  the  effect  that  "  unless  Andrew  Allsman  is  returned 
unharmed  to  his  family  within  ten  days  from  date,  ten 
men  who  are  now  in  custody  will  be  shot,  on  the  charge 
of  presumptively  aiding  in  his  murder." 

Allsman  was  not  returned,  and  the  ten  men  were  se- 
lected by  lot,  taken  out  with  the  utmost  promptness  on 
October  18,  and  shot  to  death. 

The  monument  is  in  their  honor,  and  their  names  are 
engraved  on  it. 

They  were  selected  on  the  evening  of  the  I7th  and  died 
on  the  i 8th. 

They  sat  upon  their  coffins  looking  into  the  faces  of 
the  thirty  men  with  muskets,  who  were  their  executioners. 

The  provost  marshal  advanced  to  shake  hands  with  the 
condemned.  Willis  Baker  refused  his  hand. 

"  Every  dog  shakes  his  own  paw,"  said  Baker. 

Faultlessly  dressed,  the  handsome  young  Captain  Side- 
nor  placed  his  hand  over  his  heart. 

"  Aim  here,"  said  he. 

The  weapons  crashed.  The  soldiers  did  not  all  aim 
well.  Only  three  of  the  ten  were  killed  by  the  first  vol- 
ley— one  of  these  being  Captain  Sidenor. 

He  lay  dead,  his  heart  pierced  by  a  bullet;  his  be- 
trothed, broken-hearted,  was  weeping  somewhere. 


228          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


(Front) 

BAS-RELIEF, 

FLAGS,    GUNS, 

SWORDS, 

CROSSED. 


ERECTED  TO   THE   MEMORY 

OF 

CAPT.  THOMAS  A.  SIDENOR 
WILLIS   T.    BAKER 
THOMAS    HUMSTON 

MORGAN    BIXLER 

JOHN  Y.  McPHEETERS 

HIRAM    T.    SMITH 

JOHN    M.    WADE 

FRANCIS    M.    LEAR 

ELEAZER    LAKE. 


(North) 

BAS-RELIEF, 

SWORDS, 

CROSSED. 


(South) 

OCTOBER    18, 
1862. 


(Rear) 
ERECTED   BY 

THE 

PALMYRA   CONFEDERATE 
MONUMENT    ASSOCIATION. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


229 


PALMYRA,    MO. 
CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 
1907. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


One  of  the  men  was  not  hit  at  all,  but  he  fell  forward 
with  the  rest. 

Six  others  lay  writhing  and  groaning  in  agony.  A 
new  firing  party  with  revolvers  was  sent  forward  to  quiet 
the  remaining  victims. 

Old  Willis  Baker  died  hardest.  Seven  balls  were 
fired  into  his  body  before  he  ceased  to  breathe.  At  last 
ten  motionless  bodies  lay  there  on  the  ground. 

The  deed  was  done  and  the  "  Palmyra  Massacre " 
passed  into  history. 

If  you  desire  to  read  the  details  of  this  horror  and  of 
the  nameless  crime  of  the  provost  marshal  they  are  to  be 
found  in  a  pamphlet  published  by  the  Confederate  Monu- 
ment Association  of  Palmyra. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  231 


SPRINGFIELD,  MO. 

This  monument  stands  in  the  Confederate  Cemetery  at 
Springfield,  Mo.  The  pedestal  is  about  16  feet  high,  in 
six  sections;  is  12  feet  square  at  base,  and  the  whole  is 
of  the  best  Barre  (Vermont)  granite. 

Upon  the  front,  in  bronze  bas-relief,  is  a  portrait  of 
General  Sterling  Price.  Bas-relief  flags  of  the  Confed- 
eracy adorn  the  east  and  the  west  sides. 

The  pedestal  is  surmounted  by  a  statue  in  bronze^  rep- 
resenting a  Confederate  soldier,  which  is  12  feet  6  inches 
high. 

A  fine  monument  erected  as  a  tribute  to  the  loyalty 
and  heroism  of  the  Missouri  soldier  in  the  Army  of  the 
Confederate  States  of  America  who  fought  for  the  right 
of  self-government,  and  who,  dying  for  a  right  princi- 
ple, died  not  in  vain. 

The  visions  of  the  desperate  strife 

Return  through  the  years  again; 
Ah,  those  were  the  bravest  days  of  Life — 

The  days  of  Price's  men. 

North  of  the  Confederate  Cemetery  is  the  last  resting 
place  of  those  whom  they  fought.  And  there  is  peace. 
At  Arlington  the  United  States  cares  for  the  graves  of 
the  Confederate  dead. 

No  more  shall  the  war-cry  sever 

Or  the  winding  river  be  red; 
They  buried  our  anger  forever 

When  they  laureled  the  graves  of  our  dead. 

It  has  already  been  asked,  and  possibly  will  be  again, 
why  this  large  expenditure  for  the  dead,  when  it  is  so 
sorely  needed  to  alleviate  the  sufferings  of  the  living? 
And  the  same  answer  might  be  returned  as  when,  nearly 
two  thousand  years  ago,  the  most  loving  and  beautiful 
tribute  known  to  the  world's  history,  was  performed  by 


232  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


(Front) 

TO    THE    MEMORY    OF 
THE    MISSOURI    SOLDIER 

IN  THE  ARMY  OF 

THE    CONFEDERATE    STATES 

OF    AMERICA. 

(East) 

THOSE    WHO    DIE    FOR 

A    RIGHT    PRINCIPLE 
DO    NOT     DIE     IN    VAIN. 

(West) 

THEY    FOUGHT    FOR    THE 
RIGHT    OF    SELF-GOVERNMENT. 

(South) 

ERECTED  IN  1901 

BY  THE  UNITED 

CONFEDERATE  VETERANS 

OF  MISSOURI 

AND  THE   DAUGHTERS 

OF  THE  CONFEDER'ACY 

OF  MISSOURI. 


a  woman  whose  name  and  fame  have  in  consequence  of 
it  come  down  to  us  through  the  ages.  This  is  our  ala- 
baster box  of  ointment,  in  the  breaking  of  which  we  shall 
keep  green  the  memory  of  our  comrades. — George  M. 
Jones,  Mo. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  233 


SPRINGFIELD,    MO. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

igoi. 


NORTH  CAROLINA 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  237 


NORTH    CAROLINA 

The  very  name  of  the  Old  North  State  is  so  fraught 
with  patriotic  and  valorous  memories  that  it  stands  apart, 
distinct  in  its  honorable  associations.  As  the  first  to 
strike  a  blow  for  American  independence,  and  the  most 
ready  to  pour  out  her  brave  young  blood  for  the  Con- 
federacy, North  Carolina  deserves  high  tribute.  It  has 
been  recounted  how,  being  one  of  the  smallest  of  eleven 
seceding  States,  she  gave  one-fifth  of  all  the  soldiers  who 
fought  for  Southern  rights;  how  her  regiments  bore  the 
flag  farthest  into  the  enemy's  territory ;  how  one  of  her 
sons  commanded  the  only,  ship  that  carried  it  round  the 
world,  and  how,  when  defeat  came,  her  soldiers  were 
among  the  last  to  quit  the  fields  of  battle.  Her  women 
trained  and  nurtured  these  soldiers.  They  stood  ready 
to  give  them  aid  and  encouragement,  and  now,  since  the 
trying  days  of  war  are  past,  they  stand  in  the  forefront 
among  those  engaged  in  Confederate  work.  With  such 
women  North  Carolina  can  never  forget  its  past,  and  will 
go  on  adding  new  laurels  to  its  crown  of  honor. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


ASHEVILLE,  N.    C. 
MONUMENT  TO  ZEBULON   B.  VANCE. 


ASHEVILLE,  N.  C. 

This  monument  to  Zebulon  B.  Vance  stands  on  the 
public  square  in  Asheville,  near  the  Court  House. 

He  was  Governor  of  North  Carolina  in  war-time,  and 
twice  afterwards. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  239 


ZEBULON  BAIRD  VANCE 

Zebulon  B.  Vance,  of  Charlotte,  was  born  in  Buncombe 
County,  N.  C.,  May  13,  1830;  was  educated  at  Washing- 
ton College,  Tennessee,  and  at  the  University  of  North 
Carolina ;  studied  law ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Janu- 
ary, 1852,  and  was  elected  County  Attorney  for  Bun- 
combe County  the  same  year ;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
House  of  Commons  in  1854;  was  a  Representative  from 
.North  Carolina  in  the  Thirty-fifth  and  Thirty-sixth 
Congresses;  entered  the  Confederate  army  as  captain  in 
May,  1 86 1,  and  was  made  colonel  in  August,  1861 ;  was 
elected  Governor  of  North  Carolina  in  August,  1862,  and 
reflected  in  August,  1864. 

Three  acts  of  his  administration  are  justly  entitled  to 
be  ranked  as  historic: 

1.  The  organization  of  a  fleet  of  vessels  to  sail  from 
Wilmington,  N.  C.,  to  Europe  with  cargoes  of  cotton, 
and  return  with  supplies  for  the  soldiers  and  essential 
necessaries  for  the  people. 

2.  In  1864  and  1865,  when  the  resources  of  the  South 
were  absolutely  exhausted ;  when  our  noble  armies  were, 
reduced  and  hemmed  in  on  every  side,  ragged,  hungry, 
and  almost  without  ammunition;  when   starvation  and 
famine  confronted  every  threshold  in  the  South,  and  a 
morsel  of  bread  was  the  daily  subsistence  of  a  family — 
in  that  dark  and   dreadful  hour  Governor  Vance  first 
appealed  to  the  government  at  Richmond;  and  finding  it 
perfectly  helpless  to  give  any  relief,  summoned  his  coun- 
cil of  state,  and,  by  almost  superhuman  efforts,  prevailed 
upon  the  destitute  people  of  North  Carolina  to  divide 
their  last  meal  and  their  pitiful  clothing  with  the  suffer- 
ing Union  prisoners  at  Salisbury.     Humanity,  chivalry, 
piety,  I  invoke  from  you  a  purer,  better,  holier  example 
of  Christian  charity  in  war! 

3.  During  his  administration  as  Governor  of  North 
Carolina,  although  war  was  flagrant,  though  camps  cov- 


240          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

ered  the  fields,  though  soldiers  were  conscripted  by  thou- 
sands, though  cold-hearted  men  of  ample  means  refused 
supplies  to  soldiers  with  bleeding  feet,  though  the  whole 
militia  was  armed,  though  thousands  of  deserters,  refu- 
gees from  duty,  were  arrested,  though  the  War  Depart- 
ment daily  called  for  more  men,  though  every  art  and 
artifice  and  device  was  practiced  to  keep  the  soldiers  from 
the  field,  though  spies  and  traitors  were  detected  and 
seized,  though  traders  in  contraband  of  war  were  -con- 
stantly caught  flagrante  delicto  and  captured,  though  in 
all  countries  in  time  of  war  civil  authority  has  been  com- 
pelled to  submit  to  military  necessity  and  power — yet  in 
North  Carolina,  during  the  war,  the  writ  of  habeas 
corpus,  the  great  writ  of  liberty,  was  never  for  one  mo- 
ment suspended.  Immortal  history,  worthy  of  Mecklen- 
burg and  the  2Oth  of  May,  1775! 

In  1876  Governor  Vance  was  for  the  third  time  elected 
Governor  of  the  State  and  his  administration  was  the  be- 
ginning of  a  new  era  for  North  Carolina. 

In  1878  he  was  elected  to  the  Senate,  and  until  he  died 
remained  a  member  of  this  body,  having  been  four  times 
elected  a  Senator.  His  record  in  the  Senate  is  part  of 
the  nation's  history.  From  the  beginning  he  was  an 
active,  earnest  debater,  a  constant,  faithful  worker,  a 
dutiful,  devoted  Senator,  aspiring  and  laboring  for  the 
welfare  and  honor  of  the  whole  country. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


FAYETTEVILLE,  N.   C. 

Shortly  after  the  close  of  the  war  in  the  fall  of  1865  and 
in  1866,  the  ladies  of  Fayetteville  being  anxious  to  honor 
the  remains  of  the  soldiers  who  were  killed  in  battle,  and 
who  died  in  and  near  the  town,  and  were  buried  in  vari- 
ous localities,  succeeded  in  having-  them  all  interred  in 
the  old  cemetery,  historic  Cross  Creek. 

Having  done  this,  they  erected  the  Cross  Creek  Monu- 
ment, which  was  completed  in  1868.  It  was  the  first 
monument  erected  in  North  Carolina  and  one  of  the  very 
first  in  the  South. 

The  Memorial  Association  which  put  up  this  monu- 
ment devised  various  ways  of  raising  the  money.  Among 
other  things  they  patched  a  quilt  which  netted  the  sum 
of  three  hundred  dollars.  It  was  afterwards  presented 
to  ex-President  Davis  and  later  was  placed  by  Mrs.  Davis 
in  the  Confederate  Museum,  Richmond,  where  it  may 
still  be  seen. 

The  Memorial  Association  of  Fayetteville  has  never 
failed  in  all  the  years  since  1866  in  the  dear  and  sacred 
custom  of  decorating  the  graves  of  the  soldiers. 

The  Memorial  Association  and  the  Monument  Associ- 
ation have  now  merged  into  the  J.  E.  B.  Stuart  Chapter, 
U.  D.  C. 

The  St.  James  Square  monument  is  of  massive  Georgia 
granite  surmounted  by  a  bronze  figure  of  a  Confederate 
soldier,  7  feet  high,  total  height  being  22  feet.  Cost 
$2211. 

While  we  all  cherish  the  old  monument  in  Cross  Creek 
Cemetery,  many  people  who  come  to  our  city  never  see 
it.  We  wanted  a  monument  in  a  public  square. 

When  the  old  Court  House  site  was  to  be  disposed  of, 
we  decided  to  have  a  monument  there,  at  the  junction 
of  Green,  Rowan,  Ramsey  and  Grove  streets. 

The  Cumberland  County  Monument  Association  was 
formed  for  the  purpose  of  building  it.  The  site  was  pre- 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


(West) 

IN 

MEMORY 

OF    THE 

CONFEDERATE 

DEAD. 

(South') 

WOMAN'S    RECORD    TO    THE    HEROES 
IN    THE    DUST. 

(East) 

"  ON    FAME'S    ETERNAL    CAMPING    GROUND 
THEIR  SILENT  TENTS  ARE  SPREAD." 

"  REST    ON,    EMBALMED    AND    SAINTED    DEAD, 
DEAR   AS  THE  BLOOD   YE   GAVE." 

(North) 

'  NOR  SHALL  YOUR  GLORY  BE  FORGOT, 
WHILE  FAME  HER  RECORD  KEEPS, 

OR  HONOR  POINTS  THE  HALLOWED  SPOT 
WHERE  VALOR  PROUDLY  SLEEPS." 


sented  to  the  Association  by  Colonel  Charles  Broadfoot 
in  the  name  of  his  wife. 

For  seven  years  the  ladies  worked  with  unflagging 
zeal,  aided  by  many  friends  (especially  by  Major  E.  J. 
Hale),  and  by  means  of  entertainments,  a  fair  and  rum- 
mage sale,  subscriptions  solicited,  etc.,  raised  the  neces- 
sary amount  by  1902. 

The  design  of  the  monument,  which  is  of  a  high  order 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


243 


FAYETTEVILLE,    N,    C. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT, 

CROSS    CREEK    CEMETERY. 

1868. 


244  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


(South) 

THE    WOMEN    OF    CUMBERLAND 

TO    THEIR 

CONFEDERATE    DEAD. 
MAY    20,    1861 — MAY    10,    1902. 

(East) 

FOR    THEM     SHALL    FALL    THE 
TEARS    OF    A    NATION'S    GRIEF. 

(North) 

THEY  DIED  IN  DEFENSE  OF 
THEIR    RIGHTS. 

(West) 

LORD    GOD    OF    HOSTS,    BE    WITH    US    YET; 
LEST  WE   FORGET;    LEST   WE   FORGET." 


of  art,  was  furnished  by  Mr.  I.  W.  Durham  of  Charlotte, 
who  also  erected  it. 

The  monument  was  unveiled  on  the  loth  of  May,  1902, 
in  the  presence  of  five  hundred  veterans  and  thousands 
of  citizens. 

Monument  Square  is  now  a  "  thing  of  beauty  and  a 
joy  forever  "  to  those  who  are  to  come  after  us — a  herit- 
age to  posterity  from  the  hands  of  those  who  have  builded 
exceeding  well.  Set  off  by  the  grim  munitions  of  a  dis- 
tant but  not  forgotten  war  time,  laid  in  winding  walks, 
turfed,  and  planted  in  choice  trees,  it  is  a  worthy  setting 
to  the  imposing  memorial  of  granite  and  bronze  reared 
in  tribute  to  Southern  valor. — Mrs.  E.  J.  Hale. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  245 


FAYETTEVILLE,    N.    C. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT, 

ST.    JAMES    SQUARE. 

1902. 


246 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


PITTSBORO,    N.    C. 

A  very  handsome 
monument  was  unveiled 
on  the  2$d  of  August, 
1907,  to  the  Confeder- 
ate soldiers  of  Chat- 
ham County,  N.  C.,  at 
Pittsboro,  the  county 
seat,  with  most  impres- 
sive ceremonies  and  in 
the  presence  of  the  larg- 
est crowd  ever  assem- 
bled in  that  county. 
The  orator  of  the  day 
was  Chief  Justice  Wal- 
ter Clark,  of  the  North 
Carolina  S  u  p  r  e  m  e 
Court,  who  at  the  early 
age  of  fifteen  was  ad- 
jutant of  the  35th 
North  Carolina  Regi- 
ment, and  when  only 
seventeen  was  lieuten- 
ant-colonel of  the  7oth 
North  Carolina  Regi- 
ment, and  wh  o  has 
done  more  than  any 
other  man  to  preserve 
the  history  of  the  North 
Carolina  soldiers. 

The  chief  marshal 
of  the  occasion  was 
Colonel  John  R.  Lane, 

the  last  colonel  of  the  famous  26th  North  Carolina 
Regiment,  which  lost  more  men  (killed1  and  wounded) 
at  Gettysburg  than  any  other  regiment  in  either  army  in 
any  battle  during  the  war  between  the  States.  Colonel 


PITTSBORO,    N.    C. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1907. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  247 


C.    S.    A. 


TO    THE 

CONFEDERATE 

SOLDIERS 

OF 

CHATHAM 
COUNTY. 


CONFEDERATE    HEROES. 


Lane  wore  his  old  uniform;  and  although  seventy-two 
years  old,  he  rode  a  spirited  horse  at  the  head  of  the  pro- 
cession, erect  as  an  Indian,  with  all  the  ease  and  grace 
of  an  accomplished  cavalier. 

This  monument  is  the  labor  of  love  of  a  few  devoted 
ladies,  who  for  nearly  four  years  have  struggled  most 
persistently  in  securing  the  funds  for  its  erection.  It  is 
one  of  the  handsomest  monuments  in  North  Carolina, 
and  is  made  of  polished  Mt.  Airy  (N.  C.)  granite,  sur- 
mounted with  a  seven- foot  statue  of  a  Confederate  soldier 
made  of  standard  government  bronze.  The  total  height 
of  the  monument  and  statue  is  27  feet,  and  it  is  erected 
in  front  of  the  court  house. 


248          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


RALEIGH,    N.    C. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1895- 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  249 


(West) 

TO    OUR 

CONFEDERATE 

DEAD. 

(East) 

FIRST    AT    BETHEL, 
LAST    AT    APPOMATTOX. 


RALEIGH,  N.  C. 

On  the  2Oth  of  May,  1895,  the  monument  was  unveiled 
in  the  presence  of  thousands  of  citizens  of  the  Old  North 
State  who  had  gathered  there  to  do  honor  to  the  brave 
men  whose  valor  the  monument  perpetuates. 

Little  Julia  Jackson  Christian,  granddaughter  of  the 
immortal  Stonewall  Jackson,  drew  the  veil. 

The  monument  was  constructed  entirely  of  North 
Carolina  granite.  The  design  is  on  the  Corinthian  order. 
It  is  over  seventy-two  feet  high,  with  a  base  of  twenty- 
eight  feet.  The  shaft  is  a  solid  block  of  granite  twenty- 
eight  feet  high,  and  is  surmounted  by  a  handsome  bronze 
figure  representing  an  infantry  soldier.  On  either  side  of 
the  base  is  a  life-size  statue — one  of  an  infantryman,  and 
the  other  a  cavalryman. 

On  the  first  base,  which  is  six  feet  square,  is  a  large 
die  block  and  on  its  two  faces  are  bronze  medallions — 
one  representing  the  seal  of  North  Carolina,  and  the  other 
the  seal  of  the  Confederate  States.  This  is  considered 
one  of  the  handsomest  granite  monuments  in  America. 


250 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


WAYNESBORO,    N.    C. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1892. 


WAYNESBORO,  N.  C. 

This  handsome  monument,  erected  to  the  memory  of 
our  heroic  dead,  was  erected  in  1892,  in  the  public  square 
at  Waynesboro.  The  funds  to  pay  for  this  tribute  to 
the  departed  defenders  of  our  homes  and  firesides  were 
raised  by  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association.  The  memo- 
rial is  32  feet  high,  built  of  Fail-field  granite,  and  cost 
about  $2000. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  251 


WINDSOR,  N.  C 

A  Confederate  monument  was  unveiled,  August  13,  in 
Windsor,  North  Carolina.  Windsor  is  an  old  Colonial 
town  near  the  Atlantic  coast,  the  capital  of  Bertie  County, 
and  its  history  antedates  many  years  the  Revolutionary 
War.  Its  public  buildings  were  of  brick  from  England. 

It  was  once  a  wealthy  and  aristocratic  place,  but  suf- 
fered much  in  the  crucial  test  of  reconstruction  and  the 
severe  ordeal  that  followed  it.  It  has  recuperated,  how- 
ever, wonderfully,  aided  by  its  large  and  valuable  fisheries 
on  the  Roanoke  River  and  Albemarle  Sound.  It  is  not 
only  historic,  but  enthusiastically  Confederate.  It  fur- 
nished many  more  soldiers  for  the  Confederate  army 
than  it  had  voters.  It  was  in  Bertie  County  that  the  cele- 
brated "  Captain  Byrd's  Company "  was  raised  and 
equipped  for  the  war.  That  company — of  the  i  ith  North 
Carolina  Infantry — participated  in  Pickett's  charge  at 
Gettysburg,  with  thirty-eight  men  besides  its  captain 
(Byrd)  and  two  lieutenants.  Thirty- four  of  them  were 
killed  or  wounded.  Captain  Byrd  and  the  four  men 
left  for  service  went  into  the  fight  next  day,  when  he 
and  two  of  the  four  men  were  killed. 

It  was  the  color  company  of  the  regiment,  and  the  flag 
waved  on  although  its  staff  was  twice  shot  away.  The 
flag  was  preserved  through  and  survived  the  battle.  After 
a  time,  such  of  the  wounded  as  were  able  returned  to  the 
company  and  preserved  its  organization.  Its  first-lieu- 
tenant, Ed  Outlaw,  who  on  that  fatal  day  was  under 
detail  by  order  of  General  Lee,  became  its  captain,  and, 
with  some  additions  to  the  company,  commanded  it  in 
subsequent  battles  and  on  until  the  surrender  of  Appo- 
mattox.  Two  of  the  survivors  of  that  charge  were  on 
the  speaker's  stand  while  General  W.  B.  Bate,  of  Ten- 
nessee, delivered  the  address  at  the  unveiling  of  the 
monument. 

Four  thousand  people  were  present  to  witness  the  cere- 


252 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


WE    RESPONDED    TO 

OUR    COUNTRY'S 

CALL. 


WE    FOUGHT    AN 

HONEST    FIGHT, 

WE    KEPT    THE 

SOUTHLAND'S    FAITH. 


WE    FELL    AT    THE 
POST    OF    DUTY. 

WE    DIED    FOR    THE 
LAND    WE    LOVED. 


OUR    CONFEDERATE 

DEAD,    1861-1865. 
ERECTED  BY  THE  CON- 
FEDERATE VETERANS' 
ASSOCIATION     OF 
BERTIE.    1895. 


WINDSOR,    N.    C. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1895. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  253 

monies.  A  royal  welcome  was  given  General  Bate,  wind- 
ing up  with  a  public  reception  at  night  in  his  honor. 
Bertie  County  was  the  home  of  the  paternal  ancestors  of 
General  Bate  for  several  generations,  and  that  added 
much  to  the  interest  of  the  occasion. 


"  THE  CONFEDERATES  " 

Little,  indeed,  must  be  the  soul  that  grows  morbid 
with  misgivings  and  with  malice  at  the  reunion  of  the 
grizzled  veterans  of  the  cause.  Let  these  old  battle- 
scarred  heroes  have  their  times  of  revived  associations 
and  happy  reminiscences.  Let  them  march  together  on 
crutches  and  wooden  legs,  with  empty  sleeves  dangling 
at  their  shoulders,  and  an  occasional  green  patch  over  an 
eyeless  socket.  Let  them  talk  of  thrilling  days  gone  by 
in  bivouac  and  on  battlefield.  Let  them  compare  notes 
of  Bull  Run  and  Chancellorsville  and  Chickamauga  and 
Gettysburg.  They  suffered  enough,  and  showed  courage 
enough  in  those  perilous  days  to  entitle  them  to  all  of  the 
consolation  they  can  get  now  out  of  stirring  memories. 
Small  the  soul  and  mean  the  heart  that  charges  these 
valiant  men  with  treasonable  principles.  They  represent 
the  flower  of  the  Southern  manhood — as  true  and  brave  a 
type  as  breathes  the  air  of  American  freedom.  .  .  .  The 
soldiers  of  the  South  are  as  loyal  as  any  citizen  of  the 
land.  Having  startled  the  whole  world  with  an  intre- 
pidity of  spirit,  a  dauntlessness  of  daring,  a  brilliancy 
of  execution,  and  an  almost  marvelous  capacity  of  en- 
durance in  the  face  of  overwhelming  forces,  they  sur- 
rendered in  honor,  and  have  been  living  through  these 
years  in  a  loyal  submissiveness  not  less  heroic  than  their 
many  successes  which  would  have  kindled  a  Napoleon's 
pride. 

We  of  the  South  are  proud  of  the  records  of  those 


254          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

men  who  shouted  about  Lee  and  Jackson  and  Johnston 
and  Gordon  in  those  days  gone  by.  We  are  proud  of 
their  silent  comrades  who  sleep  in  unmarked  graves  and 
in  unkept  cities  of  the  dead.  Some  of  us  who  were  en- 
tirely too  little  to  know  anything  about  those  dreadful 
days  of  war,  have  read  the  story  with  patriotic  pride, 
and  we  rejoice  to  know  that  honor  to  the  memory  of  the 
brave  soldiers  of  our  sunny  South  does  not  mean  dis- 
honor to  a  reunited  country. — The  Midland  Methodist. 


SOUTH  CAROLINA 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  257 


ANDERSON,  S.  C. 

Our  Anderson  monument,  28  feet  high,  stands  on  the 
square  in  a  plaza,  and  was  erected  by  the  Ladies'  Memo- 
rial Association.  It  is  made  entirely  of  granite;  cost 
$2200.  The  first  $500  was  contributed  by  Miss  Nora 
Hubbard's  School ;  she  was  president  of  the  Association. 
Later  the  funds  were  increased  by  help  from  the  three 
chapters  of  the  U.  D.  C.  in  our  town.  It  was  eighteen 
years  from  the  time  the  first  entertainment  was  given  by 
Miss  Hubbard's  School  until  the  monument  was  unveiled. 

While  we  honor  the  hands  that  have  been  made  for- 
ever still,  and  sing  the  praises  of  the  voices  that  have  been 
made  to  cease  forever  from  the  battle-cry  of  heroic 
charges ;  honor  them  in  marble  shafts  erected  throughout 
the  South ;  praise  them  in  Chapter  meetings,  papers, 
magazine  articles  and  memorial  addresses,  there  are  other 
duties — rather  privileges — and  opportunities  to  serve  our 
Confederate  soldiers  who  have  withstood  the  changes 
of  more  than  forty  years  and  form  to-day  the  battle-line 
of  the  Confederacy.  It  is  now  a  short,  thin  line,  gray, 
not  in  uniform  as  of  yore,  but  bending  beneath  the  weight 
of  years. 

They  are  the  living  link  between  us  and  the  day  of  the 
South's  great  struggle,  presenting  to  us  not  the  picture, 
but  the  reality,  of  those  heroes  who  demonstrated  the 
truest  type  of  patriotism  the  world  has  ever  seen. 

They  are  heroes  of  war  and  heroes  of  peace ;  all  of 
them  deserve  to  be  placed  on  the  retired  list,  with  full 
pay,  and  more  than  they  received  in  the  days  of  their 
service  under  the  flag.  Let  us  do  everything  we  can  to 
show  that  we  love  and  honor  them,  and  that  we  want 
to  make  their  lives  brighter  and  brighter  as  they  pass  on. 

So  long  as  a  Confederate  soldier  walks  the  streets  of 
our  towns,  let  mothers  point  them  out  to  their  sons  as 
examples  of  that  patriotism  which  man  universal  has 
counted  dear. — Annie  Todd  Barton. 


258          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


(Front) 

THE  SPIRIT  OF  CHIVALRY  WAS  NOT  DEAD 
IN  1861,  WHEN  THE  SOLDIERS  OF  THE  CON- 
FEDERACY WENT  FORTH  TO  BATTLE  FOR 
HOME  AND  LOVE  OF  COUNTRY,  AND  FOR  THE 
PRESERVATION  OF  CONSTITUTIONAL  LIBERTY. 
HOW  WELL  THEY  ACTED  THEIR  PART  IN  THE 
GIGANTIC  DRAMA  OF  WAR  WHICH  FOR  FOUR 
YEARS  CONVULSED  THE  AMERICAN  CONTI- 
NENT AND  HELD  THE  ATTENTION  'OF  ALL  THE 
WORLD,  LET  THE  TRUTHFUL  AND  IMPARTIAL 
HISTORIAN  TELL!  LET  HIM  RECORD  HOW 
THEY  WRESTED  VICTORY  FROM  FOES  WHO 
FAR  SURPASSED  IN  NUMBERS,  IN  EXCELLENCE 
OF  ARMS  AND  EQUIPMENT,  AND  IN  ALL  THE 
PROVISIONS  AND  MUNITIONS  OF  WAR,  AND 
WHO  WERE  SUPPORTED  BY  THE  MATERIAL, 
MORAL  AND  POLITICAL  POWER  OF  ALMOST 
THE  ENTIRE  CIVILIZED  WORLD:  LET  HIM 
RECORD  WITH  WHAT  FORTITUDE  THEY  EN- 
DURED SICKNESS  AND  IMPRISONMENT,  WITH 
WHAT  UNFAILING  CHEERFULNESS  THEY  SUS- 
TAINED PRIVATIONS  AND  SUFFERING:  AND 
ABOVE  ALL  LET  HJM  RECORD  WITH  WHAT 
SUBLIME  ENDURANCE  THEY  MET  DEFEAT 
AND  HOW  IN  POVERTY  AND  WANT,  BROKEN 
IN  HEALTH  BUT  NOT  IN  SPIRIT,  THEY  HAVE 
RECREATED  THE  GREATNESS  OF  THE  SOUTH, 
AND  MADE  IT  AGAIN  THE  SWEETEST  LAND 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  259 


ANDERSON,    S.    C. 

CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT. 

igoi. 


260 


HISTORIC     M  O  N  U  M  E  N  T  S 


ON  EARTH.  IN  GRATEFUL  ACKNOWLEDG- 
MENT OF  THEIR  PROWESS  IN  WAR  AND  THEIR 
ACHIEVEMENTS  IN  PEACE,  THIS  MONUMENT 
IS  ERECTED;  THAT  IT  MAY  TEACH  THE  GEN- 
ERATIONS OF  THE  FUTURE  THE  STORY  OF 
THE  MATCHLESS,  UNFADING  AND  UNDYING 
HONOR  WHICH  THE  CONFEDERATE  SOLDIER 
WON. 


(.Right) 

(Flag) 

THOUGH  CONQUERED  WE  A  TORE  IT, 
LOVE  THE  COLD  DEAD  HANDS  THAT  BORE  IT. 


(Left) 

THE  WORLD   SHALL  YET  DECIDE, 

THAT  THE   SOLDIERS  WHO  WORE  THE  GRAY  AND   DIED 
IN    TRUTH'S    CLEAR    FAR-OFF   LIGHT, 
WITH    LEE,   WERE   IN    THE    RIGHT." 


(Rear) 


FIRST    MANASSAS 

WlLLIAMSBURG 

SEVEN    PINES 
GAINES'S    MILL 
FRAZIER'S    FARM 
SECOND  MANASSAS 
BOONSBOROUGH 
SHARPSBURG 
FREDERICKSBURG 


CHICKAMAUGA 

WILDERNESS 

SPOTTSYLVANIA 

CHANCELLORSVILLE 

MALVERN    HILL 

PETERSBURG 

GETTYSBURG 

FRANKLIN 

ATLANTA 


APPOMATTOX. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  261 


CHARLESTON,  S.  C. 

Charleston  has  a  number  of  memorials  to  Southern 
valor  besides  the  one  depicted  in  these  pages,  but  we  be- 
lieve that  this  monument  is  representative.  The  chaste 
and  severe  lines  of  the  monument  proper  are  classical  in 
their  design  and  proportions,  and  is  a  striking  ornament 
to  a  city  beautiful. 

The  figure  that  surmounts  it  is  keen  with  life  and  ani- 
mation, and  pictures  a  soldier  alert  to  repel  the  invader 
or  to  spring  to  the  charge.  The  valiant  posture,  with 
the  colors  defiantly  draped  across  the  chest,  compels 
admiration,  and  typifies  the  ever-readiness  of  the  South- 
ern soldier  to  answer  to  duty's  call. 

With  such  men  as  these  the  South  had  no  fear  for  re- 
sults— if  conditions  had  been  anything  like  equal  in  the 
matter  of  equipment  and  numerical  strength.  But  pit- 
ted against  the  vast  resources  of  the  invader,  and  the 
inexhaustible  supply  o£  men  and  money  that  were  drawn 
upon,  what  wonder  that  valor  and  fealty  lost  the  day—- 
lost the  day  so  far  as  gaining  that  for  which  they  fought 
was  involved,  but  never  lost  the  love  of  country  and 
steadfastness  of  principles. 

Charleston  has  had  a  large  life  in  the  history  of  the 
nation,  and  her  many  points  of  interest  bespeak  a  prom- 
inence that  will  live  while  states  endure — and  not  the 
least  of  these  are  the  Home  for  Confederate  Widows 
and  Children  and  the  other  memorials  to  the  State's  part 
in  the  great  war  between  the  States.  It  was  within  our 
harbor  the  war  first  opened — and  the  principles  for  which 
that  iron-throated  dog  of  war  spoke  that  spring  day  still 
live  and  thrive  in  the  bosoms  of  our  people.  We  asked 
only  for  that  liberty  that  the  constitution  drawn  up 
among  the  colonies — newly  free — guaranteed  to  the 
States  taking  part  in  the  compact.  We  did  not  want  to 
see  sectionalism  become  king,  and  vassals  made  of 
weaker  States.  We  asked  for  equal  State  rights — and 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


CHARLESTON,  S.  C. 
CONFEDERATE   MONUMENT. 

1882. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  263 

fought  for  them,  and  planned  to  put  the  principle  in  ef- 
fect 'among  ourselves— and  while  our  method  failed 
through  coercion,  our  beliefs  and  opinions  were  so  im- 
pressed upon  the  nation's  life  that  we  feel  that  a  great 
victory  was  ours. 

This  monument,  erected  in  Magnolia  Cemetery,  is  a 
monument  to  Confederate  men  and  Confederate  princi- 
ples. 


CHESTER,  S.  C. 

The  only  ornaments  on  this  monument  are  crossed 
sabers  on  the  north  side  and  crossed  guns  on  the  south. 
Unveiled  June  27,  1905. 

The  trowel  used  in  laying  the  cornerstone  was  that 
with  which  General  Lafayette  laid  the  cornerstone  of 
the  Lafayette  Hall  at  Camden,  in  1825,  and  which  has 
been  repeatedly  used  in  cornerstone  ceremonies. 

The  monument  is  42  feet  high,  and  is  built  of  granite. 

At  the  time  of  the  unveiling  of  the  monument  Mrs. 
May  Heath  Melton  was  the  President  of  the  Chapter 
and  Mrs.  Julia  Killian  Campbell  Chairman  of  Monu- 
ment Committee. 

The  orator  at  the  unveiling  was  S.  E.  McFadden,  son 
of  a  veteran.  The  veil  was  removed  by  Nancy  Brice, 
Eliza  Walker,  Sybilla  Barber,  and  May  Grace  Douglass, 
granddaughters  of  veterans.  The  beautiful  inscription 
was  written  by  Judge  W.  H.  Brawley. 

Cost  of  monument  $2000. — Emily  Graham. 


CHESTER,    S.    C. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1905- 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  265 


(East) 
THIS    MONUMENT    GUARDS    THE    MEMORY 

OF  THE  MEN  OF  CHESTER  DISTRICT 

WHO,   OBEYING  THE   CALL  OF  THEIR   STATE, 

DIED  FOR  THE  CONFEDERATE  CAUSE 

1861 1865. 


TIME  MAY  CRUMBLE  THIS  MONUMENT  INTO  DUST 

BUT  TIME  CANNOT  DIM  THEIR  GLORY. 

THEIR    VALOR,    THEIR    PATRIOTISM,    THEIR 

FAITHFULNESS    AND    THEIR    FAME    REMAIN 

FOREVER     THE     HERITAGE     OF     THEIR     COUNTRYMEN. 


NON   SIBI    SED   PATRIAE. 


(West) 

THEIR    FAME    INCREASES   LIKE   THE 

BRANCHES    OF    A   TREE   THROUGH    THE 

HIDDEN    COURSE    OF    TIME. 


(On    Cornerstone) 

ERECTED    BY 

CHESTER    CHAPTER 

DAUGHTERS    OF   THE 

CONFEDERACY. 

1905. 


266  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


COLUMBIA,    S.    C. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1879- 


COLUMBIA,  S.  C. 

The  inscription  on  the  Columbia  monument  was  writ- 
ten by  William  Henry  Trescott.  On  no  marble  or  bronze 
is  there  a  finer.  It  has  a  flowing  melody  or  rhythm,  yet 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  267 


TO   SOUTH   CAROLINA'S    DEAD 
1861         OF  THE         1865 
CONFEDERATE  ARMY. 


ERECTED    BY   THE    WOMEN    OF    SOUTH    CAROLINA. 

THIS    MONUMENT 
PERPETUATES    THE    MEMORY 

OF    THOSE    WHO, 

TRUE  TO  THE  INSTINCTS  OF  THEIR  BIRTH, 
FAITHFUL    TO    THE    TEACHING    OF    THEIR    FATHERS, 
CONSTANT   IN   THEIR  LOVE   FOR   THE   STATE, 
DIED  IN  THE  PERFORMANCE   OF  THEIR  DUTY; 

WHO 

HAVE    GLORIFIED   A   FALLEN    CAUSE 

BY  THE  SIMPLE  MANHOOD  OF  THEIR  LIVES, 

THE    PATIENT    ENDURANCE    OF    SUFFERING, 

AND    THE    HEROISM    OF    DEATH; 

AND   WHO, 

IN    THE    DARK    HOURS    OF    IMPRISONMENT, 
AND    THE    HOPELESSNESS    OF    THE    HOSPITAL, 
IN  THE    SHORT,    SHARP  AGONY   OF   THE   FIELD, 
FOUND  SUPPORT  AND  CONSOLATION 

IN    THE    BELIEF 
THAT    AT    HOME    THEY    WOULD    NOT    BE    FORGOTTEN. 


LET   THE    STRANGER, 
WHO    MAY    IN    FUTURE   TIMES 

READ    THIS    INSCRIPTION, 
RECOGNIZE   THAT    THESE    WERE    MEN 
WHOM    POWER   COULD   NOT   CORRUPT, 
WHOM    DEATH    COULD    NOT    TERRIFY, 
WHOM    DEFEAT    COULD    NOT    DISHONOR. 
AND    LET   THEIR    VIRTUE   PLEAD 


268  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


FOR  JUST   JUDGMENT 

OF    THE    CAUSE    IN    WHICH    THEY    PERISHED; 

LET  THE  SOUTH  CAROLINIAN 

OF  ANOTHER  GENERATION 

REMEMBER 

THAT    THE    STATE    TAUGHT    THEM 

HOW   TO    LIVE   AND    HOW   TO    DIE, 

AND    THAT    FROM    HER    BROKEN    FORTUNES 

SHE   HAS   PRESERVED   FOR   HER   CHILDREN 

THE  PRICELESS  TREASURES  OF  THEIR  MEMORIES; 

TEACHING     ALL     WHO     MAY     CLAIM 

THE   SAME  .BIRTHRIGHT, 

THAT    TRUTH,    COURAGE,    AND    PATRIOTISM 
ENDURETH  FOREVER. 

(.East    Base) 

ERECTED    BY 

THE   WOMEN   OF   SOUTH   CAROLINA. 

(West   Base) 

TO    SOUTH   CAROLINA'S    DEAD 
OF   THE    CONFEDERATE   ARMY. 


moves  with  noble  majesty.  It  reaches  a  climax  in  the 
sentence  which  has  three  lines  beginning  with  "  whom." 
That  sentence  makes  the  mold  for  men  of  the  very  high- 
est possible  type,  the  sovereigns  of  democracy,  the  men 
more  needed  than  all  others  in  this  world.  If  the  Con- 
federacy was  supported  by  such  men  as  Mr.  Trescott  has 
portrayed,  in  defense  of  such  principles,  the  war  on  the 
South  was  a  mistake,  a  blunder,  a — but  who  can  find  the 
word  to  express  what  indeed  the  war  on  the  South  may 
fittingly  be  called. 


HISTORIC     M  O  N  U  M  E  N  T  S  269 


The  dedication  of  the  monument  to  Wade  Hampton  at 
Columbia,  S.  C,  was  attended  by  a  great  throng,  esti- 
mated at  from  ten  thousand  to  fifteen  thousand  visitors. 
The  parade  was  probably  the  longest  ever  seen  in  the 
city.  In  the  line  of  march  were  numerous  military  and 
civic  organizations.  Besides  three  companies  from  the 
military  institutions- of  the  State  and  about  twenty-five 
companies  of  State  troops,  there  were  survivors  of  Hamp- 
ton's Cavalry  mounted,  a  long  line  of  Confederate  vet- 
erans, Sons  of  Veterans  and  a  stream  of  carriages  con- 
taining distinguished  guests.  There  were  also  three 
bands  of  music  in  the  parade. 

The  monument  is  a  great  success  with  the  people,  and 
"  is  considered  the  finest  monument  in  the  South." 

Mr.  Ruckstuhl  is  the  author  of  many  public  monu- 
ments, among  which  are  celebrated  Confederate  monu- 
ments at  Baltimore  and  Little  Rock. 

The  New  York  Times  says  of  it: 

"  In  Columbia  the  likeness  to  General  Hampton  is 
regarded  as  perfect  by  those  who  have  had  the  chance  to 
see  it.  The  sculptor  depicts  Hampton  baring  his  head 
as  soldiers  defile  before  him — this  in  order  to  obtain  a 
greater  likeness  and  naturalness  than  would  have  been 
the  case  if  he  had  placed  the  hat  on.  He  has  tried  to 
steer  clear  of  too  much  realism  on  the  one  side  and  too 
much  conventionalism  on  the  other.  The  horse  espe- 
cially is  treated  in  a  monumental  way,  with  parts  of  the 
head,  for  instance,  slightly  exaggerated  in  order  to  carry 
well  at  a  distance.  The  pedestal  is  about  fourteen  feet 
high  and  the  whole  monument  nearly  thirty.  In  the 
arching  neck  he  means  to  express  the  pride  of  a  thorough- 
bred. 

"  The  statue,  cast  by  A.  Durenne,  of  Paris,  is  about  six- 
teen feet  high  and  weighs  seventy-five  hundred  pounds. 


270 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


"  One  of  the  commission  from  the  Legislature,  B.  A. 
Morgan,  writes  to  the  Columbia  State  that  it  is  '  artistic, 
imposing,  inspiring,  satisfying.'  J.  G.  Marshall  writes: 


COLUMBIA,    S.    C. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1906. 


*  The  likeness  to  General  Hampton  is  remarkably  fine. 
It  is  a  great  success.'  E.  Mclver  Williamson  says :  '  The 
statue  grows  on  me.  It  is  Wade  Hampton.  The  oftener 
I  see  it,  the  more  I  admire  it.' ' 

Now  Wade  Hampton  sleeps  beneath  a  great  live  oak  in 
old  Trinity  churchyard,  and  what  remains  of  him  is  his 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  271 

ERECTED 

BY  THE   STATE   OF 
SOUTH   CAROLINA 

AND 
HER   CITIZENS. 

WADE    HAMPTON. 

GOVERNOR    S.    C.,    1876-1879. 

UNITED  STATES   SENATOR,   1879-1891. 

BENTONVILLE,    BRANDY    STATION,    SAXPONY 

CHURCH,   COLD   HARBOR,    HAWES'S  SHOP. 

BORN  MARCH  18,  1818. 
DIED  APRIL   ii,   1902. 


ERECTED  A.  D.    1902. 

COMMANDER  HAMPTON   LEGION, 

LIEUT.   GEN.,   C.   S.  A. 

TREVILIAN,    SEVEN    PINES,    BURGES    MILL, 
FIRST  MANASSAS,  GETTYSBURG. 


memory  and  the  memorials  that  a  people's  love  have 
erected  to  him. 

South  Carolina  never  had  a  more  unselfish  public  man. 
There  never  was  a  time  when  he  was  not  willing  to  die 
for  the  State,  and  even  his  enemies  admitted  that.  The 
State  has  produced  many  more  brilliant,  many  more 
learned,  many  more  profound ;  but  never  in  its  history 
has  there  arisen  a  public  man  who  thought  of  self  less 
than  Wade  Hampton. 

Born  the  richest  citizen  in  the  Southern  States,  oppos- 
ing secession  to  the  very  last,  the  owner  of  four  thousand 


272          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

slaves,  with  property  enough  to  have  gone  to  Europe  and 
been  a  prince  for  the  rest  of  his  life,  he  yet  threw  all  in 
the  balance  when  the  State  had  acted.  Even  after  the 
war,  when  his  property  was  swept  away,  he  had  offers 
from  Europe  to  go  there,  especially  England,  where  the 
English  nobility  idolized  him;  but  he  remained  with  his 
people,  showing  the  same  unselfish  devotion  in  adversity 
that  had  marked  him  in  the  heyday  of  his  power. 

He  belonged  to  the  whole  people.  No  section  or  class 
may  claim  him ;  Hampton  is  the  heritage  of  every  South 
Carolinian,  and  the  thought  of  him  causes  a  glow  of 
pride  in  every  South  Carolinian's  heart.  How  great  he 
was,  how  he  shouldered  up  above  the  common  herd  of 
men,  not  by  privilege  of  birth,  not  by  heritage  of  class, 
but  by  possession  of  the  qualities  of  truth  and  honor  and 
courage,  with  enduring  loyalty  to  the  land  of  his  fathers 
and  with  unselfish  devotion  to  the  cause  of  man!  The 
crowd  went  from  every  part  of  South  Carolina;  every 
shade  of  opinion,  every  sect  and  race  were  alike  present 
to  do  him  honor.  The  outpouring  of  affection  was  gen- 
eral as  it  was  equally  genuine. 

The  Legislature  voted  $20,000  for  the  purpose  of  hav- 
ing the  statue  erected  on  condition  that  the  citizens  of 
the  State  should  contribute  half  as  much  before  the  ap- 
propriation became  available.  The  $10,000  was  promptly 
contributed  as  a  freewill  offering  by  the  people,  and  the 
monument  has  the  inscription :  "  Erected  by  the  State  of 
South  Carolina  and  Her  Citizens." 

It  is  an  equal  honor  to  both,  for  the  privilege  of  pos- 
sessing such  a  citizen  as  Wade  Hampton  does  not  come 
often  in  the  life  of  any  people. 

Of  South  Carolina's  illustrious  dead,  Calhoun  and 
Hampton  stand  forth  alone — kings  of  their  day  and  gen- 
eration. 

The  Monument  Commission,  appointed  by  the  Legis- 
lature, selected  Mr.  F.  Wellington  Ruckstuhl  as  the  sculp- 
tor without  "  competition  "  on  the  strength  of  his  past 
work. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  273 

The  sculptor  has  represented  Hampton  riding  down 
the  line  at  a  review  of  his  troops  and  saluting  them  as 
they  cheer  him.  The  statue  is  fifteen  and  a  half  feet 
high,  and  was  cast  by  the  compagnie  A.  Durenne  at 
Paris.  It  was  shipped  complete  in  a  case  sixteen  feet 
high  via  Havre  and  New  York  to  Savannah  by  boat,  and 
from  there  by  rail  to  Columbia,  where  it  arrived  safely. 
The  sculptor  followed  it  all  the  way  from  Paris,  and 
watched  each  loading  and  unloading. 

The  horse's  head  in  the  bronze  is  not  reined  in,  but 
the  horse  himself  bends  his  head  proudly  as  he  bears  his 
master,  cheered  by  his  soldiers. 

The  pedestal,  in  the  designing  of  which  Mr.  Ruckstuhl 
was  assisted  by  M.  J.  L.  Fougerousse,  of  Paris,  consists, 
first,  of  a  slight  grassy  mound ;  secondly,  of  a  curb  having 
beautifully  designed  anele  railings  of  bronze;  thirdly,  of 
another  grass  mound ;  fourthly,  of  two  steps  of  Winns- 
boro  granite ;  and,  finally,  of  a  die  made  in  Brussels  of 
gray  granite  quarried  in  the  Vosges  Mountains  of  Alsace. 
The  die  is  completely  polished.  It  is  mounted  with 
twelve  bronze  plaques  bearing  names  of  ten  battles  and 
dedications  to  Hampton,  besides  inscriptions  in  raised 
bronze,  antique  Roman  letters.  The  pedestal  is  thirteen 
and  a  half  feet  high  and  of  unusually  happy  proportion. 
The  whole  monument  is  2g  feet  high  and  cost  complete 
thirty  thousand  dollars. 


274 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


JONESVILLE,  S.  C. 


Our  monu  m  e  n  t 
stands  on  a  public 
square  in  a  most 
prominent  position. 
It  is  23  feet  high, 
with  a  base  of  seven 
and  a  half  feet.  The 
foundation  is  com- 
posed of  four  granite 
bases. 

The  monument  is 
enclosed  in  a  neat 
iron  fence,  and  upon 
our  Memorial  Day 
is  decorated  by  the 
Daughters  with 
flowers  and  tokens 
of  loving  remem- 
brance. 

It  was  erected  by 
the  lohn  Ha  m  e  s 
Chapter,  U.  D.  C., 
and  unveiled  May 
17,  1907.  The  Chap- 
ter was  organized  in 
1901.  Union  County 
was  Union  District 
at  the  time  of  the 
war. 

The  mothers  of 
soldiers  have  a  1 1 
passed  away. — Mrs. 
J.  L.  McWhirter, 
President  U.  D.  C. 


JONESVILLE,    S.    C. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1907. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  275 


MAJOR  STILES'S  TRIBUTE  TO  GENERAL  LEE 

He  was  of  all  men  most  attractive  to  us,  yet  by  no 
means  most  approachable.  We  loved  him  much,  but  we 
revered  him  more.  We  never  criticised,  never  doubted 
him,  never  attributed  to  him  either  moral  error  or  men- 
tal weakness — no,  not  even  in  our  secret  hearts  or  most 
audacious  thoughts.  I  really  believe  it  would  have 
strained  and  blurred  our  strongest  and  clearest  concep- 
tions of  the  distinction  between  right  and  wrong  to  have 
entertained  even  for  a  moment  the  thought  that  he  had 
ever  acted  from  any  other  than  the  purest  and  loftiest 
motive.  I  never  but  once  heard  of  such  a  suggestion, 
and  then  it  so  transported  the  hearers  that  military  subor- 
dination was  forgotten,  and  the  colonel  who  heard  it 
rushed  with  drawn  sword  against  the  major-general  who 
made  it. 


LANCASTER,  S.  C. 

The  monument  is  of  granite,  quarried  in  the  county. 
It  consists  of  three  bases,  the  bottom  one  being  10  feet 
square,  pedestal,  die,  cap,  flag-stone,  second  cap;  sur- 
mounted by  the  statue  of  a  Confederate  soldier  with  gun 
in  hand,  standing  at  parade  rest.  The  entire  height  of 
the  monument  is  30  feet. 

The  statue  is  7  feet  high  and  faces  the  east. 

Cost  of  monument  $2600. 

The  unveiling  of  the  monument  was  on  the  4th  clay  of 
June,  1909,  with  beautiful  and  impressive  ceremonies;  a 
day  long  to  be  remembered  by  the  men,  women  and 
children  of  the  Red  Rose  County. 

Data  furnished  by  Mrs.  Alison  Lawton  of  Charleston 
S.  C. 


276          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


(North) 
U.    D.    C. 

1861-1865. 

COMRADES. 

CONFEDERATE    SOLDIERS. 

(East) 

THE    ARMS    ARE    STACKED,    THE    FLAGS    ARE    FURLED, 
THE    SOUND   OF   BATTLE   NO   LONGER   FALLS; 

BUT  OUR  SOLDIERS  SHOWED  TO  A  WAITING  WORLD 
HOW  TO   ANSWER   WHEN    DUTY   CALLS. 

(South) 

FROM   NORTH   TO    SOUTH,   FROM   EAST  TO   WEST, 

THEIR   ASHES    SCATTERED   LIE; 
BUT    IN   THE    REGIONS   OF   THE    BLEST 

THEIR  SPIRITS   SING  ON  HIGH. 

(West) 
C.    S.    A. 
1861-1865. 

TO   THE   CONFEDERATE   DEAD    OF    UNION    DISTRICT. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  277 


LANCASTER,    S.    C. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1909. 


278          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

(South) 
C.  S.  A. 
1861-1865. 

GOD  HOLDS  THE   SCALES   OF  JUSTICE, 
HE  WILL  MEASURE  PRAISE  AND  BLAME: 

THE   SOUTH  WILL   STAND  THE  VERDICT; 
AND   WILL   STAND   IT   WITHOUT   SHAME. 

(East) 

WORTHY,  THE  CONFEDERATE  SOLDIERS  TO 
BE  HALLOWED  AND  HELD  IN  TENDER  RE- 
MEMBRANCE: WORTHY,  THE  FADELESS  FAME 
WHICH  LANCASTER  SOLDIERS  WON  IN  DE- 
FENDING THE  HONOR  OF  THE  SOUTH.  THE 
RIGHTS  OF  THE  STATES,  THE  LIBERTIES 
OF  THE  PEOPLE,  THE  PRINCIPLES  OF  THE 
UNION  AS  THEY  WERE  HANDED  DOWN  TO 
THEM  BY  THE  FATHERS  OF  OUR  COMMON 
COUNTRY. 

OUR  CONFEDERATE  SOLDIERS. 

(North) 

NO  COUNTRY   HAD    MORE   LOYAL    SONS, 

NO  CAUSE,    NOBLER   CHAMPIONS, 

NO  PEOPLE,    BOLDER    DEFENDERS, 

NO  PRINCIPLE,  TRUER   MARTYRS. 

(West) 

ERECTED  BY  THE  WOMEN  OF  LANCASTER 
COUNTY,  A.  D.  1909,  UNDER  THE  AUSPICES 
OF  LANCASTER  CHAPTER,  U'.  D.  C. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  279 

NEWBERRY,  S.  C. 

CALVIN    CROZIER 

"  REST   ON,    EMBALMED   AND    SAINTED    DEAD, 

DEAR  AS  THE  BLOOD  YE  GAVE; 
No  IMPIOUS  FOOTSTEPS  HERE  SHALL  TREAD 

THE  HERBAGE  OF  YOUR  GRAVE; 
NOR  SHALL  YOUR  GLORY  BE  FORGOT 

WHILE   FAME   HER   RECORD   KEEPS, 
OR  HONOR  POINTS  THE  HALLOWED  SPOT 

WHERE   VALOR   PROUDLY   SLEEPS." 

>v 

This  is  one  of  the  verses  on  a  beautiful  monument  I 
looked  upon  with  tearful  reverence  while  walking  through 
Rosemont  Cemetery  at  Newberry.  Such  acts  as  the  mur- 
dering of  Crozier  are  some  of  the  things  that  keep  a  man 
from  forgetting  the  war.  Does  history  record  any  nobler 
sacrifice?  Damon  was  the  friend  of  Pythias,  but  this 
man  Bowers  was  a  stranger  to  Crozier.  Much  more  of 
this  pathetic  story  is  recorded  in  the  annals  of  Newberry. 

Bill  Arp,  in  the  Atlanta  Constitution,  calls  attention  to 
the  killing  of  the  brave.  Confederate  soldier  by  the  order 
of  Colonel  Trowbridge,  at  Newberry,  S.  C.,  September  8, 
1865.  Many  requests  have  been  made  through  the  press 
of  the  South  since  the  publication  of  this  letter  that  some 
one  conversant  with  the  facts  of  that  human  butchery 
give  them  to  the  public. 

W.  M.  Fenton  writes  of  it :  "I  was  then  a  youth  of 
fifteen  years,  and  was  living  at  Newberry  when  the  brave 
Crozier  yielded  up  his  life  that  another  might  not  suffer. 
The  memory  of  that  day  is  of  a  tragedy  never  to  be  for- 
gotten. The  war  had  ended,  and  the  soldiers  of  the  dis- 
banded Confederate  army  and  paroled  prisoners  were 
passing  through  South  Carolina  to  their  homes  in  the 
West.  Among  them  was  Calvin  Crozier,  a  Texan,  who 
arrived  at  Newberry  on  September  7,  1865,  and  was  de- 
layed there  overnight.  He  had  some  ladies  under  his 
care;  and,  as  hotel  accommodations  were  very  meager, 
they  decided  it  would  be  best  to  pass  the  night  in  the  car 


280  HISTORIC     M  0  N  U  M  E  N  T  S 


NEVVBERRY,    S.    C. 

CROZIER   MONUMENT. 

1891. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  281 


(On   Front  Face   of  Die) 
CALVIN    CROZIER, 

BORN 
AT  BRANDON,  MISS., 

AUG.,    1840, 

MURDERED    AT 

NEWBERRY,    S.    C., 

SEPT.   8,    1865. 


(.On    Another    Face) 
AFTER  THE  SURRENDER  OF  THE 
CONFEDERATE  ARMIES,  WHILE  ON 
THE  WAY  TO  HIS   HOME  IN  TEXAS, 
WAS   CALLED  UPON  AT  THE   RAIL- 
ROAD   STATION   AT   NEWBERRY, 
S.   C.,   ON  THE   NIGHT   OF   SEPT.   7, 
1865,  TO  PROTECT  A  YOUNG  WHITE 

WOMAN   TEMPORARILY   UNDER 

HIS   CHARGE   FROM   GROSS    INSULTS 

OFFERED  BY  A  NEGRO  FEDERAL 

SOLDIER   OF   THE   GARRISON 

STATIONED    HERE. 


on  which  they  had  traveled.  Late  in  the  night  some  negro 
soldiers,  under  the  command  of  Colonel  Trowbridgey  who 
had  arrived  at  Newberry  that  day,  entered  the  car  where 
Crozier  and  the  ladies  under  his  care  were  quietly  repos- 
ing, and  made  themselves  very  offensive  to  the  ladies. 
Crozier  requested  them  to  leave,  but  they  refused  to  do 
so,  and  a  difficulty  arose.  In  the  scuffle  which  followed 


282          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


(On   Another  Face) 

A    DIFFICULTY    ENSUED,    IN    WHICH 
THE  NEGRO  WAS  SLIGHTLY  CUT. 

THE   INFURIATED   SOLDIERS 
SEIZED  A  CITIZEN  OF  NEWBERRY, 

UPON  WHOM 
THEY  WERE  ABOUT  TO  EXECUTE 

SAVAGE    REVENGE, 

WHEN  CROZIER  CAME  PROMPTLY 

FORWARD  AND  AVOWED  HIS  OWN 

RESPONSIBILITY  FOR  THE   DEED, 

THUS   REFUSING  TO  ACCEPT    SAFETY 

BY   ALLOWING  A   STRANGER 

TO   RECEIVE  THE   VIOLENCE 

INTENDED  FOR  HIMSELF. 

(.Fourth  Side) 

HE  WAS  HURRIED  IN   THE 

NIGHT  TIME   TO  THE 

BIVOUAC  OF  THE  REGIMENT 

TO    WHICH    THE    SOLDIER 

BELONGED;  WAS  KEPT 
UNDER   GUARD   ALL   NIGHT, 
WAS  NOT  ALLOWED  COM- 
MUNICATION WITH  ANY 
CITIZENS,  WAS  CONDEMNED 
TO   DIE,   WITHOUT   EVEN   THE 

FORM  OF  A  TRIAL, 

WAS   SHOT  TO  DEATH 

ABOUT   DAYLIGHT  THE 

FOLLOWING   MORNING   AND 

HIS   BODY  MUTILATED. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  283 

one  of  the  negroes  was  slightly  cut  by  Crozier  with  his 
knife.  The  regiment  to  which  they  belonged  was  en- 
camped in  a  graveyard  near  the  depot,  and  very  soon 
after  the  difficulty  occurred  a  number  of  them  appeared 
at  the  depot  bent  on  avenging  the  one  who  had  been 
dealt  with  by  Crozier.  In  their  madness  they  seized  Mr. 
Jacob  S.  Bowers,  who  was  then  General  Superintendent 
of  the  Greenville  and  Columbia  Railroad,  and,  despite 
his  many  protestations,  were  about  to  lynch  him.  When 
Crozier  learned  what  they  were  about,  without  a  mo- 
ment's hesitation  he  presented  himself  and  acknowledged 
that  he  had  wounded  the  negro  soldier.  He  was  at  once 
tied  and  taken  to  the  camp  mentioned  above,  and  was 
shot  to  death  by  the  fiends.  His  body  was  thrown  in  a 
shallow  grave,  and  they  danced  in  ghoulish  glee  upon  his 
new-made  grave.  The  officers  of  the  negro  regiment, 
principally  white,  were  appealed  to  in  behalf  of  Crozier, 
but  in  vain.  Trowbridge,  the  colonel  of  this  regiment, 
was  heard  to  declare  that  he  took  upon  himself  all  the 
responsibility  of  the  act.  Prince  Rivers,  a  negro  who 
was  then  an  officer  in  this  same  regiment,  wishing  to 
save  the  life  of  Crozier,  went  to  him  and  begged  him 
to  deny  that  he  was  the  man  who  had  the  difficulty  with 
the  negro  soldier,  but  he  refused.  Seldom  indeed  do  we 
find  such  heroic  self-sacrifice  as  is  recorded  of  this  noble 
Texan.  He  might  have  gone  free  to  his  far  Western 
home  had  he  permitted  an  innocent  man  to  suffer.  How- 
ever fondly  he  may  have  dreamed  of  his  arrival  at  his 
Texan  home,  Galveston,  and  the  greeting  of  loved  ones 
there,  he  gave  it  all  up  and  laid  down  his  life  that  an- 
other might  live.  No  ignoble  spirit  could  have  acted  as 
he  did.  Such  a  death  must  work  forgiveness  for  many 
misdeeds  and  shortcomings,  and  where  he  now  sleeps 
must  be  holy  ground.  His  body  remained  where  he  was 
buried  by  the  negro  soldiers  until  1891,  when  the  people 
of  Newberry  had  him  buried  in  Roseniont  Cemetery,  and 
erected  an  enduring  monument  to  his  memory.  In  erect- 
ing this  monument  they  have  honored  themselves." 


284 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


NEWBERRY,    S.    C. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1893. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  285 


(West) 

THIS  IS  A  RECORD  OF  SACRED  DEAD. 

THEY   WERE  THE   SOLDIERS   OF  THE    SOUTHERN    CONFEDERACY, 

FROM   NEWBERRY   DISTRICT,   SOUTH  CAROLINA, 

WHO  BATTLED  FOR  RIGHT  AND  PERISHED, 

THUS   THEIR   LIVING   COMRADES 

AND  THOSE  WHO  LOVE  THEM 

MEMORIZE  THEIR  LIVES. 


ON  THE  OTHER  SIDES   IS  A  LIST  OF  THE  SOLDIERS'  NAMES. 


This  monument  was  erected  by  the  Drayton  Ruther- 
ford Chapter,  U.  D.  C. 


Mrs.  Mary  S.  Rogers,  of  Blum,  Texas,  a  sister  of 
Crozier,  writes  of  the  family :  "  I  add  the  following  to 
the  account  of  the  killing  of  my  brother,  Calvin  Crozier, 
September  8,  1865,  by  order  of  Colonel  Trowbridge, 
commanding  the  Thirty-third  Colored  Regiment  of  Fed- 
eral troops:  My  brother  was  born  in  Brandon,  Miss. 
He  enlisted  in  Good's  Battery  at  Dallas  in  1861.  Our 
father  was  too  old  and  feeble  to  go  to  the  war,  but  he 
had  five  sons  and  two  sons-in-law  who  served  through 
the  war.  My  husband  was  a  private  in  General  Gano's 
command  three  and  a  half  years.  My  brothers  served 
in  Texas  regiments,  and  all  went  safely  through  the  wrar 
except  one  brother,  who  was  wounded  in  the  battle  of 
Pleasant  Hill.  I  am  the  only  one  of  my  family  left 
Exposure  during  the  war  caused  the  death  of  three  of 
my  brothers.  My  husband,  R.  C.  Donalson,  lived 
through  the  war,  and  died  ten  years  ago." 


TENNESSEE 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  289 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA 
NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK 

The  United  States  Government  has,  under  an  act  of 
Congress,  purchased  the  entire  Chickamauga  Battlefield, 
embracing  over  fifteen  square  miles,  and  has  converted 
it  into  a  park  of  magnificent  proportions.  The  sum  of 
$725,000  was  appropriated  by  Congress  for  the  erection 
of  National  monuments,  and  for  the  improvement  of 
the  grounds,  walks  and  driveways.  The  various  States 
have  also  appropriated  over  $500,000  for  the  erection  of 
monuments  to  commemorate  the  deeds  of  valor  of  sol- 
diers from  their  respective  States.  Granite  and  bronze 
are  the  materials  used  for  all  of  the  monuments.  The 
old  roads  of  the  battlefield  have  been  reopened  and  the 
underbrush  cut  from  3300  acres,  and  the  battlefield  is 
now  in  the  same  condition  it  was  in  at  the  time  of  the 
battle.  The  monuments  range  in  cost  from  $1000  to 
$6000  each — those  erected  by  the  United  States  to  the 
regulars  cost  $1500  each.  The  main  drive  of  the  Park 
is  thirty  miles  in  length  and  is  twenty-four  feet  wide. 
Five  steel  observation  towers,  each  seventy  feet  high, 
have  been  erected.  Three  of  these  towers  are  on  the 
Chickamauga  field  and  two  on  Missionary  Ridge.  Wild- 
er's  Brigade  monument  is  provided  with  a  stairway,  built 
of  stone,  to  reach  an  observatory  at  top,  eighty-one  feet 
above  the  ground;  also  used  as  an  observation  tower. 
The  National  Commission  has  ascertained  the  fighting 
lines  of  all  divisions  and  brigades  on  both  the  Union  and 
Confederate  sides  with  sufficient  accuracy  to  justify  the 
erection  of  historical  tablets  for  these  organizations. 
Tablets  have  also  been  erected  for  army  headquarters, 
corps,  divisions  and  brigades  for  both  sides  and  for 
all  the  fields.  The  part  taken  by  each  organization, 
throughout  the  battles,  is  set  forth  on  these  tablets.  The 
old  lines  of  work  and  fortifications  have  been  restored, 
and  about  three  hundred  cannon  have  been  mounted  and 


290          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

placed  in  position.     The  Park  is  now  the  most  compre- 
hensive military  object  lesson  in  the  world. 


WHAT  IT  IS  FOR 

The  Chickamauga  River  forms  the  eastern  boundary 
of  the  Park.  The  fighting  began  on  the  eastern  side  of 
the  battlefield  on  the  igth  of  September,  and  closed  on 
the  western  side,  September  20,  at  7 130  p.  M.  The  gen- 
eral trend  of  movement  throughout  the  two  awful  days 
of  slaughter  was  from  east  to  west ;  the  Confederates  ad- 
vancing, the  Federals  slowly  giving  way. 

A  little  past  noon  on  the  2Oth  the  Federal  center  was 
pierced,  and  the  entire  right  wing  of  Rosecrans's  army 
was  driven  in  headlong,  confused  flight  from  the  field ; 
and  with  them  or  ahead  of  them,  Generals  Rosecrans 
(commander-in-chief),  Garfield,  McCook,  Crittenden, 
and  Sheridan.  Mr.  C.  A.  Dana,  Assistant  Secretary  of 
War,  did  not  follow  in  the  rear  of  his  commander,  Rose- 
crans, but  made  his  escape  by  urging  his  horse  up  and 
over  the  dizzy  heights  of  Missionary  Ridge,  and  arrived 
safe  at  Chattanooga. 

According  to  Assistant  Secretary  of  War  Dana,  it 
was  a  stampede  worse  than  Bull  Run. 

The  left  wing  of  the  army  under  General  G.  H. 
Thomas  made  a  brave  resistance  at  Snodgrass  Hill,  in 
the  northwestern  portion  of  the  battlefield — fighting  so 
heroically  that  it  gained  for  General  Thomas  the  name 
of  "  Rock  of  Chickamauga."  But  as  soon  as  it  became 
dark  the  left  wing,  too,  went  away  in  the  friendly  dark- 
ness, leaving  the  Confederates  in  possession  of  the  field. 
At  eight  o'clock  there  was  not  a  corps,  division,  brigade, 
regiment,  battalion,  or  company  of  Federals  on  the  battle- 
field, nor  did  any  of  them  bivouac  that  night  within 
three  miles  of  it — the  nearest  being  at  Rossville. 

The  Confederates,  on  the  other  hand,  bivouacked  on 
the  field  and  were  in  possession  of  the  enemy's  hospitals 
and  of  thousands  of  small  arms  with  much  captured  artil- 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  291 

lery,  and  thousands  of  prisoners,  lit  was  a  Confederate 
victory. 

The  Government  has  not  made  the  scene  of  this  battle 
into  a  military  park  in  order  to  produce  the  impression 
that  it  was  a  Federal  victory.  It  has  simply  taken  the 
field  of  one  of  the  greatest  battles  of  the  war,  where  the 
fighting-  on  both  sides  was  characterized  by  almost  un- 
paralleled bravery,  and  has  made  of  it  a  great  military 
object  lesson,  to  be  studied  by  Americans  and  by  military 
men  from  all  parts  of  the  world.  Those  who  represent  it 
otherwise  practically  charge  the  Government  with  trying 
to  cover  up  a  defeat  with  monuments.  This  is  far  from 
being  the  purpose. 

Some  say  it  was  not  a  complete  victory,  because  Bragg 
failed  in  his  main  purpose,  which  was  to  get  between 
Rosecrans  and  Chattanooga.  How  does  anyone  know 
that  was  Bragg's  main  purpose?  Even  if  it  were,  Bragg 
was  doing  well  enough  in  this  direction  until  the  right 
wing  of  the  Federal  army  broke  and  fled,  in  the  after- 
noon of  September  20;  after  that,  no  one  could  have 
gotten  between  Rosecrans  and  Chattanooga  unless  he 
had  possessed  a  swifter  horse  than  Rosecrans  had. 


292          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


BOLIVAR,    TENN. 
CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 


293 


(South) 

TO  THE 

CONFEDERATE  DEAD 

OF 

HARDEMAN  COUNTY, 
TENNESSEE. 


(West) 
HARDEMAN  COUNTY 

ERECTS 

THIS  MONUMENT  TO 
THE    MEMORY    OF 

HER   SONS 
FALLEN    IN    THE    SERVICE 

OF   THE 
CONFEDERATE    STATES. 


(North) 

THOUGH   MEN   DESERVE 

THEY    MAY    NOT    WIN    SUCCESS: 

THE    BRAVE    WILL    HONOR    THE    BRAVE 

VANQUISHED,   NONE  THE   LESS. 


(East) 

IN   HOPE   OF   A 
TOYFUI.   RESURRECTION. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


BOLIVAR,  TENN. 

I  send  you  picture  of  our  monument  and  data  with 
the  compliments  of  Neely  Chapter  981,  Daughters  of  the 
Confederacy,  of  Bolivar.  Our  Chapter  is  named  in  honor 
of  two  Confederate  soldiers : 

R.  P.  Neely,  who  organized  and  commanded  the  first 
company  of  infantry  going  from  Bolivar  into  the  South- 
ern army,  and 

J.  J.  Neely,  who  in  the  same  year,  1861,  led  forth  the 
first  company  of  cavalry  from  Hardeman  County. 

It  was  strenuous  work  for  the  people  of  Bolivar  to  get 
their  monument  in  place  in  the  troublous  times  just  after 
the  close  of  the  war.  I  enclose  an  article  written  years 
ago  by  Judge  A.  T.  McNeal,  showing  how  men  thought 
about  these  things  in  the  sixties  and  seventies. — Mrs.  C. 
M.  Wellons,  President  U.  D.  C. 

The  Bolivar  monument  stands  in  the  court  house 
square.  It  is  about  25  feet  high ;  the  shaft  of  white  mar- 
ble with  a  cinerary  urn  on  top. 

It  has  a  number  of  symbolic  ornaments  carved  on  and 
above  the  die,  which  give  one  reason  to  pause  and  observe 
carefully. 

South  side :  Drum  and  flags. 

West :  Crossed  guns,  cannon  and  flags. 

North:  Tents  under  trees. 

East :  Gun  and  sword  crossed.  A  pistol,  two  flags, 
two  cannon.  Cannon  balls. 

The  monument  cost  about  $3500. 

Extract  from  article  by  Judge  McNeal : 

The  Bolivar  monument,  which  I  believe  was  the  first 
of  its  kind  erected  in  the  entire  South,  grew  out  of  the 
duty  of  the  living  soldier  to  his  dead  comrade. 

Thousands  of  brave  men  had  given  their  lives  for  that 
which  in  the  eyes  of  the  world  was  utter  failure  with  the 
stamp  of  treason  upon  it.  Their  government  had  van- 
ished; their  record  was  in  the  hands  of  their  late  foes. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  295 

The  history  writers  called  their  action  rebellion  and  in- 
surrection. The  government  to  which  they  had  sub- 
mitted, in  its  public  acts  and  laws,  did  the  same.  They 
had  done  all  that  men  could  do,  and  when  all  further 
effort  was  impossible  they  had  submitted  with  dignity 
and  in  good  faith. 

But  that  good  faith  did  not  imply  a  forgetfulness  by 
the  living  of  duty  to  the  dead.  Those  dead  heroes  had 
no  government  to  protect  their  memories  or  to  honor 
their  graves.  They  died  battling  for  us,  and  some  per- 
petual mark  of  our  appreciation  is  due,  not  merely  as  an 
honor  to  their  memory,  but  to  stand  as  a  living  witness 
in  future  years  that  they  were  not  regarded  as  traitors 
by  their  own  people,  and  that  we  delight  to  do  them 
honor. 

A  large  part  of  the  money  to  build  this  monument  was 
raised  by  the  patriotic  efforts  of  the  women  of  Bolivar. 
I  trust  the  day  will  come  when  the  entire  South  will  be 
dotted  with  similar  memorials  as  a  permanent  and  un- 
answerable record  of  a  great  historical  fact. — Albert  T. 
McNeal. 


296          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


CLARKSVILLE,   TENN. 

CONFEDERATE   MONUMENT. 

1893- 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  297 


IN   HONOR   OF 
THE    HEROES    WHO    FELL 
WHILE   FIGHTING   FOR  US 

IN   THE   ARMY   OF 

THE  CONFEDERATE   STATES, 

1861-1865. 

THOUGH  ADVERSE  FORTUNE 

DENIED    FINAL    VICTORY 

TO    THEIR    UNDAUNTED    COURAGE, 

HISTORY    PRESERVES    THEIR    FAME, 

MADE   GLORIOUS    FOREVER. 


CONFEDERATE   MEMORIAL. 


CLARKSVILLE,  TENN. 

The  monument  is  made  of  granite  from  Barre,  Ver- 
mont. It  is  48  feet  3  inches  in  height  and  13  by  9  at 
the  base.  The  crowning  figure  is  that  of  a  Confederate 
infantry  soldier.  This  is  a  bronze  statue  8  feet  in  height. 
One  of  the  figures  below  is  that  of  a  cavalryman;  the 
other  that  of  an  artilleryman.  Each  of  these  is  of  gran- 
ite, 6  feet  6  inches  in  height.  These  three  figures  were 
all  modeled  from  photographs  of  Confederate  soldiers 
who  had  enlisted  from  Montgomery  County. 


298          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


(Shaft) 

NAMES    OF    BATTLES 

IN   WHICH   COMPANY    K, 

4TH  TENNESSEE  REGIMENT 

PARTICIPATED. 

(Base) 
CONFEDERATE. 


DYERSBURG,  TENN. 

The  monument  stands  in  a  corner  of  the  court  house 
yard.  It  is  a  handsome  shaft  of  granite  surmounted  by 
the  figure  of  a  soldier  in  full  uniform. 

It  is  dedicated  to  the  brave  soldiers  who  went  from 
Dyer  County,  and  was  unveiled  on  the  6th  of  April,  the 
anniversary  of  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  on  which  memorable 
field,  alas !  so  many  of  them  fell. 

The  speakers  on  the  occasion  were : 

Hon.  Maecenas  Benton,  formerly  of  Dyersburg,  but 
now  a  prominent  citizen  of  Missouri ;  Governor  Jeff 
Davis,  of  Arkansas ;  Senators  Carmack  and  Frazier,  of 
Tennessee;  Colonel  Luke  Finley,  of  Memphis,  who  was 
major  and  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  4th  Tennessee.  Cap- 
tain S.  R.  Latta  made  a  brief  address.  It  is  a  coincidence 
that  he,  like  General  Strahl,  was  a  Northern  man,  the 
two  raising  the  first  companies  in  the  county. 

When  the  remains  of  General  O.  F.  Strahl  were  taken 
from  beautiful  Ashwood  Cemetery,  near  Columbia,  to 
Dyersburg,  his  old  home,  in  IQOI,  and  there  reinterred 
with  fitting  ceremonies,  a  movement  was  started  for  the 
erection  of  a  monument  to  him  and  the  other  patriotic 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  299 


DYERSBURG,   TENN. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1905. 


300          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

sons  of  Dyer  County  who  had  so  promptly  responded  to 
the  call  of  their  country.  The  first  company  organized  in 
that  community  was  commanded  by  Otho  French  Strahl, 
a  native  of  Ohio,  who  had  settled  in  Dyersburg  and  be- 
come of  its  people.  He  was  afterwards  elected  lieuten- 
ant-colonel of  the  4th  Tennessee  Regiment,  and  was  then 
promoted  to  brigadier-general.  He  was  killed  in  the 
battle  of  Franklin. 

The  Dyer  Guards  was  Company  K  of  the  4th  Tennes- 
see. It  was  made  up  of  members  from  Dyersburg  and 
vicinity  and  commanded  first  by  Captain  Strahl.  After 
his  election  at  Germantown  to  be  lieutenant-colonel  of 
the  4th  Tennessee,  H.  I.  Fowlkes  was  made  its  captain. 
The  command  next  devolved  upon  Captain  John  W. 
Lauderdale,  a  brave  and  efficient  officer,  always  ready  for 
duty  whether  in  camp,  on  the  march,  or  on  the  battlefield, 
and  no  less  faithful  to  the  duties  of  civil  life,  in  which 
he  made  a  host  of  friends. 

The  securing  of  the  monument  fund  was  specially 
through  the  Dawson  Bivouac,  of  Dyersburg,  whose  mem- 
bers worked  earnestly  till  its  completion. 


THE  SOUTH— AND  THE  NORTH 

You,  my  friends,  felt  that  republican  government  and 
liberty  itself  were  gone  if  the  Union  of  the  States  were 
dissolved.  The  Southern  soldier  believed  in  the  sov- 
ereign rights  of  the  States  and  the  Union  with  only 
certain  delegated  powers  and  guaranteed  rights,  and 
defended  his  home  and  his  property  from  invasion.  The 
ardor  with  which  both  sides  rallied  around  their  respec- 
tive flags  and  followed  them  through  sacrifice,  through 
danger  and  death,  was  equal,  and  proves  their  conscien- 
tious patriotism.  Each  soldier  who  laid  down  his  life 
on  either  side  for  his  country  thought  that  he  died  for  a 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  301 

holy  cause.  Both  sides  believed  they  were  right.  Self- 
sacrifice  unto  death  for  what  a  man  believes  is  heroism, 
and  heroism  that  deserves  immortality — yes,  more  than 
deserves  it :  carries  immortality  in  his  breast.  It  is 
given  us  now  to  see  that  high  motives  were  not  all 
ranged  under  one  banner;  that  that  sublime  devotion 
that  leads  a  man  to  leave  wife  and  home  and  mother  for 
the  hardships  of  battle  and  the  crown  of  death  was  dis- 
played on  both  sides.  To  underrate  the  courage,  the 
endurance,  and  the  heroism  of  the  men  who  wore  the 
gray  is  to  dim  the  luster  and  tarnish  the  fame  of  the 
men  \vho  wore  the  blue. — Selected. 


FAYETTEVILLE,   TENN. 

Iron  and  rustic  seats  offer  rest  to  the  tired  visitors  who 
come  to  look  on  the  sculptured  face  of  the  typical  Con- 
federate soldier  who  surmounts  the  handsome  pedestal 
or  read  the  loving,  patriotic  words  inscribed  on  the  snowy 
marble.  The  figure — a  private  soldier  at  parade  rest 
with  a  frank  and  fearless  look  upon  his  graven  linea- 
ments— was  made  at  Carrara,  Italy,  and  is  a  work  of  art. 
The  monument  was  erected  by  Mr.  Lewis  Peach,  a  stone- 
worker  of  marked  ability  and  one  of  Lincoln  County's 
own  brave  soldiers.  The  monument,  including  the 
statue,  is  about  twenty-one  feet  in  height  and  stands  upon 
a  slight  elevation.  The  figure  is  in  good  proportion  to 
the  base  and  pedestal,  which  are  massive.  The  pedestal 
is  of  a  beautiful  quality  .of  white  Georgia  marble,  and  the 
base  is  of  Bedford  stone. 

The  figure  faces  the  north,  commanding  a  view  of  the 
two  great  cannon.  These  cannon  were  brought  from 
Fort  Morgan,  Mobile,  Ala.,  and  the  balls  were  from  the 
arsenal  at  Philadelphia.  In  the  summer  the  monument 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  303 


(North) 

THIS  CARVEN   STONE  is  HERE  TO  TELL 
To  ALL  THE  WORLD  THE  LOVE  WE  BEAR 

To  THOSE  WHO  FOUGHT  AND  BLED  AND  FELL, 
WHOSE  BATTLE  CRY  WAS  Do  AND  DARE. 

WHO  FEARED  No  FOE,  BUT  FACED  THE  FRAY — 

OUR  GALLANT  MEN  WHO  WORE  THE  GRAY. 


A  TRIBUTE   FROM   THE 

ZOLLICOFFER-FULTON      CHAPTER, 

U.   D.    C. 

(East) 
PRESERVE  THE  TRUTH  IN  HISTORY. 

(West) 
IN  PERPETUAL  REMEMBRANCE. 

(South) 

1861-1865. 

IN  LOVING  MEMORY 
OF  THE  THREE  THOUSAND  CONFEDERATE   SOLDIERS 

OF  LINCOLN.  COUNTY 

WHOSE    PATRIOTISM    AND    HEROISM    WE    HOLD    IN 
PERPETUAL    REMEMBRANCE. 


CREST  TO  CREST  THEY  BORE  OUR  BANNER, 

SIDE  BY  SIDE  THEY  FELL  ASLEEP, 
HAND  TO  HAND  WE  REAR  THIS  TOKEN, 

HEART  TO  HEART  WE  KNEEL  AND  WEEP. 

— INA   M.    PORTER. 


CONFEDERATE    SOLDIERS. 


304          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

was  flanked  on  every  side  by  handsome  century  plants. 
The  two  larger  ones,  each  one  thirty  years  old,  were  the 
gift  of  Mrs.  C.  C.  McKinney,  while  the  two  smaller  ones 
were  given  by  Miss  Rebecca  March,  now  of  Texas. 

In  no  hearts  have  the  fires  of  patriotism  burned  more 
brightly  than  in  those  of  the  Zollicoffer-Fulton  Chapter, 
No.  1 6,  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy,  of  Fay- 
etteville,  Tenn.  They  have  worked  together  for  eleven 
years  harmoniously  and  untiringly  to  do  honor  to  the 
cause  for  which  their  beloved  sires  surrendered  liberty 
and  life.  Their  first  few  years  as  a  Chapter  were  devoted 
to  relief  work,  and  many  an  old  soldier  and  destitute  fam- 
ily reaped  the  benefit  of  their  loving  labors. 

Mrs.  Felicia  Zollicoffer  Metcalfe,  their  President  since 
the  organization  of  the  Chapter,  November  2,  1895,  has 
never  allowed  a  note  of  discouragement  to  be  sounded, 
but  has  looked  forward  with  the  eye  of  faith  to  the  glad 
day  when  with  appropriate  ceremonies  the  monument 
should  be  unveiled — a  finished  memorial  of  the  love  and 
honor  of  Lincoln  County  heroes  of  the  fearful  sixties. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  305 


FRANKLIN,  TENN. 

The  monument  at  Franklin  on  the  public  square  was 
built  by  the  Franklin  Chapter,  U.  D.  C.  It  commemo- 
rates the  battle  of  Franklin,  November  30,  1864,  which 
General  Geo.  W.  Gordon  in  his  address  at  the  unveiling 
November  30,  1899,  pronounced  the  "  bloodiest  of  mod- 
ern times." 

Soon  after  the  close  of  the  war  Colonel  John  McGavock 
and  his  noble  wife,  old  residents  of  Franklin,  conceived 
the  laudable  idea  of  establishing  a  cemetery  for  the  dead 
heroes.  With  that  object  in  view,  Colonel  McGavock 
donated  the  necessary  ground  near  his  residence,  one  mile 
south  of  the  public  square  of  Franklin  and  joining  his 
family  burying-ground.  Following  this,  Colonel  Mc- 
Gavock had  the  bodies  of  fourteen  hundred  and  eighteen 
dead  soldiers  exhumed  and  properly  buried  in  the  ceme- 
tery, with  each  grave  marked  with  a  painted  headboard, 
bearing  the  name  and  command  of  the  dead  when  known. 
He  also  caused  to  be  prepared  at  the  time  of  the  reinter- 
ment an  accurate  list  of  the  names  of  every  known  body, 
together  with  the  name  of  the  regiment  and  company  to 
which  the  soldier  belonged.  This  makes  identification 
absolutely  certain. 

Not  only  did  Colonel  McGavock  thus  generously  care 
for  the  Confederate  dead,  but  for  twenty-five  years  there- 
after he  and  his  wife  watched  over  the  cemetery  with 
zealous  care  and  kept  it  in  order  at  their  own  expense. 

Some  score  years  ago  (about  1890),  through  the  enter- 
prise of  John  L.  McEwen  Bivouac  No.  4,  Association  of 
Confederate  Veterans,  Tennessee  Division,  the  wooden 
headboards  of  the  graves  were  replaced  by  beautiful  mar- 
ble headstones.  The  amount  necessary  to  do  this  work 
was  about  $3000,  being  two  dollars  for  each  grave. 
The  committee  having  this  in  charge  issued  an  address 
to  the  Southern  States,  informing  them  of  what  was  be- 
ing done,  and  stating  that  all  States  which  desired  to 


FRANKLIN,  TENN.  CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  307 

contribute  in  honoring-  the  brave  dead  were  welcome  to 
send  the  Association  the  cost  of  marking  the  graves  of 
those  from  their  State  who  fell  in  the  battle,  and  that 
these  contributions  would  be  used  to  form  a  fund  to 
maintain  the  cemetery  in  good  order. 

The  States  and  the  number  each  has  buried  in  the 
cemetery  are  as  follows : 

Alabama,  129;  Arkansas,  104;  Florida,  4;  Georgia, 
69;  Kentucky,  6;  Louisiana,  18;  Mississippi,  424;  North 
Carolina,  2 ;  South  Carolina  5 1 ;  Tennessee,  230 ;  Texas, 
89 ;  Unknown,  225. 

The  large  number  of  "  Unknown  "  is  accounted  for,  to 
some  extent,  by  the  fact  that  many  of  the  headboards 
placed  where  the  burials  were  originally  made,  near  the 
breastworks,  were  burned  or  otherwise  destroyed  by  the 
"  contrabands  "  of  cold  weather  soon  after  the  return  of 
the  Federal  forces,  so  that  the  identity  of  some  of  the 
bodies  could  not  be  ascertained  at  the  time  of  removal. 

The  cemetery  is  now  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  the 
South,  surrounded  by  a  handsome  iron  fence,  principally 
secured  through  the  efforts  of  Miss  M.  A.  H.  Gay,  of 
Decatur,  Ga. 

The  shafts  in  the  right  corner  of  the  picture  were 
erected  by  Florida  and  the  one  on  the  left  by  Kentucky. 

Since  the  death  of  her  husband,  Mrs.  McGavock,  like 
a  true  Southern  woman,  has  kept  a  personal  supervision 
over  these  graves.  She  never  wearies  in  showing  hospi- 
talities to  old  Confederates  who  visit  the  scene  of  the 
terrible  conflict.  She  always  kept  "  open  house  "  in  the  old 
family  mansion,  adjoining  the  cemetery.  This  man- 
sion, erected  in  ante-bellum  days,  and  around  which 
the  fierce  battle  raged  for  a  time,  is  of  historic  inter- 
est to  all  who  visit  the  battlefield.  By  it  swept  Gen- 
eral Cockrell's  Brigade  as  it  rushed  forward  against  the 
Federal  breastworks.  Soon  after  its  broad  piazza  was 
covered  with  dead  and  wounded  Confederates,  carried 
thither  by  the  ambulance  corps.  On  the  immediate  east 
end  of  the  piazza,  there  were  stretched,  side  by  side,  the 


308          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

dead  bodies  of  five  Confederate  generals ;  while  Cockrell, 
shot  through  the  leg,  lay  a  few  feet  away. 

Their  names  were :  Major-General  Cleburne ;  Briga- 
dier-Generals John  Adams,  Granbury,  Strahl,  and  Gist. 
This  remarkable  scene  of  so  many  distinguished  officers 
lying  dead  side  by  side  was  perhaps  never  before  wit- 
nessed in  any  battle  of  the  world. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  309 


LEBANON,  TENN. 

The  pedestal  of  this  monument  is  12  feet  high  and  the 
soldier  figure  is  six.  The  names  on  the  monument  are 
those  of  the  soldiers  who  are  buried  in  the  cemetery,  and 
the  blank  spaces  on  the  south  and  west  sides  are  left  for 
those  who  may  be  buried  there  hereafter.  The  inscrip- 
tions are  as  follows : 


(North) 

SACRED   TO 
MEMORY  OF 

CONFEDERATE    SOLDIERS 
WHO    SLEEP    IN    THIS    CEMETERY 
AND  TO  THEIR  SURVIVING  COM- 
RADES  WHO    SHALL    REST   HERE. 

IMMORTAL    HEROES! 
YOUR  UNPARALLELED  COURAGE, 
YOUR  BLOOD,  YOUR  PATRIOTISM, 
HAVE  BEQUEATHED  TO  ALL  GENER- 
ATIONS  AN    EXAMPLE   OF 

SUBLIME    HEROISM, 

AND  TO  YOUR  COUNTRY  AN 

ETERNITY  OF    FAME. 

THE  CONFEDERACY,  WITHOUT  AN  ARMY, 
NAVY,  OR  GOVERNMENT,  600,000  VOLUN- 
TEERS SUSTAINED  THE  ASSAULT  OF  2,778,304 
MEN,  SUPPORTED  BY  THE  STRONGEST  GOV- 
ERNMENT IN  THE  WORLD  FOR  FOUR  YEARS. 
ITS  DESTRUCTION  RENDERED  NECESSARY  A 
PUBLIC  DEBT  OF  $2,708,393,885,  THE  SACRIFICE 
OF  349,944  LIVES  AND  1,366,443  PENSIONERS. 


310          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


LEBANON,  TENN. 
CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


311 


(East) 

GENERAL: 
ROBERT  HATTON. 

COLONELS: 


J.    K.    HOWARD 
R.   C.   SANDERS 


VV.    II.    WILLIAMSON 
S.    A.    CARTER 


J.  H.   BRITTON 

J.    R.   LESTER 

J.   D.   KIRKPATRICK 


PAT   O'BRIEN 
W.    IT.    PARROW 
W.  I).  MARTIN 
L.   A.  TRICI: 


MAJORS: 


CAPTAINS: 


LIEUTENANTS: 


PRIVATES: 


M.    SHUTT 
D.    LESTER 

STRATTON 
CHANDLER 

B.    SETTLK 
T.   HANKINS 

K.   DON  NELL,   SR. 
A.    RUTHERFORD 
M.  MARTIN 

T.   BARBEB 

DON NELL 


E.      I.     GOLLADAY 

J.  W.  HARDY 


DR.    J.    L.    FITE 
DR.    O.    C.    KIDDER 


J.  F.  COE 

J.    H.    ANDERSON 

REV.  B.  W.  McDoNOLn 


C.  T.   BURGESS 
J.   T.    LANE 
S.    M.   ALLEN 
A.   G.    SETTLE 


I.   P.  Cox 

J.  T.   Cox 

W.    R.   BRITTON 

E.  R.  PENNYBAKER 

J.   H.    RAGLANR 

R.   A.   DAVIS 

J.   L.    HEARN 

L.   SPEARS 

W.    P.    EASON 

C.    R.   GLENN 

R.    A.    HEARN. 


(West) 

CAPT.    BROWN,    CO.    D,    2ND    KY.    REG'T. 
A.  WHITLOCK,  CO.  A.  2ND  KY.    REG'T. 
P.   WHITLOCK,    CO.    E,   zvn  KY.   REG'T. 
HENRY  DORSEY,  CO.  A,  2ND  KY. 


312          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


LEWISBURG,   TENN. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1907. 


LEWISBURG,  TENN. 

The  monument  is  thus  described  by  Captain  W.  G. 
Lloyd: 

The  base,  above  a  well-established  foundation,  consists 
of  four  massive  blocks  of  stone,  5  x  10  feet  and  18  inches 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  313 


NAMES  OF  ABOUT  FOUR  HUNDRED  MEN 
OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY  WHO  GAVE  THEIR  LIVES 
TO  THE  CAUSE  .  OF  THE  CONFEDERACY. 

"  LEST  WE  FORGET." 


thick — two  crossed  above  the  others,  and  above  them  is  a 
large  native  white  stone,  upon  which  is  the  pedestal  of 
Georgia  granite.  Appropriately  the  monument  is  com- 
pleted by  the  statue  of  a  Confederate  soldier  over  7  feet 
high.  As  may  be  seen,  the  statue  is  several  feet  above 
the  pedestal  on  a  pyramid  of  smaller  blocks. 


MEMPHIS,  TENN. 

EQUESTRIAN    STATUE    OF    FORREST 

The  height  of  the  entire  monument  is  22  feet.  The 
height  of  the  bronze  figure  is  9  feet,  and  it  weighs  ninety- 
five  hundred  pounds.  The  cost  of  the  structure  approxi- 
mates thirty-three  thousand  dollars. 

In  Forrest  Park,  Memphis,  Tenn.,  surrounded  by  fif- 
teen thousand  spectators,  at  2.30  p.  M.  on  May  16  little 
Miss  Kathleen  Bradley  pulled  the  cord  that  released  the 
veil  from  the  magnificent  equestrian  statue  of  her  illus- 
trious great-grandfather,  Lieutenant-General  Nathan 
Bedford  Forrest.  There  was  a  momentary  silence  as  the 


314          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

imposing  grandeur  of  this  colossal  bronze  figure  of  the 
great  "  Wizard  of  the  Saddle  "  and  his  steed  met  the 
gaze  of  the  expectant  crowd,  then  a  wild  cheer  broke 
from  hundreds  of  his  old  surviving  followers  clustered 
around  the  base  and  was  enthusiastically  taken  up  by 
the  vast  multitude. 

The  idea  of  erecting  a  monument  to  General  Forrest 
was  first  projected  in  1886,  but  it  was  not  until  1891 
that  it  took  definite  shape  and  a  monument  association 
was  organized  for  this  purpose.  On  November  18,  1900, 
the  design  was  accepted  and  the  order  was  given  to  the 
sculptor,  Charles  H.  Niehaus.  The  designer  of  the  base 
was  Mr.  B.  C.  Alsup,  and  it  is  built  of  Tennessee  marble. 
The  statue,  which  was  made  in  Europe,  arrived  in  Mem- 
phis on  April  16,  and  was  placed  on  its  base  a  day  or 
two  later. 

The  unveiling  of  the  monument  was  attended  with 
elaborate  ceremonies.  In  the  big  parade  were  most  of 
the  surviving  staff  officers  of  General  Forrest,  his  general 
officers,  and  many  of  his  old  veterans  who  rode  with 
him  from  1861  to  1865.  Judge  J.  P.  Young,  who  was 
one  of  Forrest's  old  troopers,  was  master  of  ceremonies. 
In  opening  the  proceedings  he  said  in  part :  "  No  one  who 
did  not  ride  with  Forrest  can  have  so  keen  an  appreci- 
ation of  the  personal  qualities  of  the  man  as  those  who 
were  actually  under  his  direct  command,  and  who,  from 
daily,  hourly  observation,  witnessed  his  fertility  of  re- 
source, his  vehemence  in  battle  and  his  soulful  tenderness 
toward  the  stricken  soldier,  whether  friend  or  foe.  But 
it  was  no  holiday  parade.  It  cost  something  to  ride  with 
Forrest.  It  meant  days  and  nights  of  sleepless  toil  and 
motion.-  It  meant  countless  miles  under  a  burning  sun 
in  the  choking  dust.  It  meant  limitless  leagues  across 
icy  wastes,  with  a  blanket  of  snow  at  night  for  a  cover- 
ing. It  meant  to  run  down  and  destroy  miles  of 
freighted  supply  trains,  to  burn  depots  of  stores,  to  scale 
the  parapets  of  redoubts,  aiid  to  plunge,  mounted,  into 
the  seeming  vortex  of  hell,  lighted  with  the  fires  of  a 
myriad  rifles  and  scores  of  belching  guns. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  315 

"  It  meant  to  meet  death  face  to  face  like  a  drillmaster, 
to  look  into  his  dread  eyes,  to  toy  with  the  horrid  trap- 
pings of  his  trade,  to  scorn  the  deadly  chill  of  his  breath, 
and  to  turn  away  unscathed  or  sink  into  the  oblivion  of 
his  eternal  embrace." 

Of  the  many  eloquent  tributes  paid  to  the  great  soldier 
that  day,  one  of  the  most  significant  was  that  spoken 
by  Colonel  C.  A.  Stanton,  of  the  3d  Iowa  Cavalry,  1861- 
1865,  wno  f°r  two  years  was  directly  opposed  to  General 
Forrest.  He  realized  Forrest's  methods  of  war  at  Brice's 
Cross  Roads,  Ripley,  Harrisburg,  Old  Town  Creek, 
Tallahatchie,  and  Hurricane  Creek. 

The  spectacle  of  an  officer  who  had  fought  in  the  Fed- 
eral army  delivering  an  address  at  the  unveiling  of  a  Con- 
federate monument  was  an  interesting  one,  and  when 
Colonel  Stanton  was  introduced  the  applause  was  most 
generous.  Colonel  Stanton  said  in  part : 

"  During  the  war  between  the  States  I  served  four 
years  in  the  Federal  army,  and  what  I  learned  then 
prompts  what  I  now  shall  say.  My  knowledge  of  Gen- 
eral Forrest's  military  career  was  acquired  while  for  a 
part  of  two  years  with  the  Federal  forces  that  were  di- 
rectly opposed  to  him  and  his  command. 

"  General  Forrest  possessed  the  characteristic  traits  of 
the  successful  soldier;  his  personal  bravery  was  without 
limit;  his  resources  seemed  to  be  endless,  and  his  deci- 
sions, like  Napoleon's,  were  instantaneous;  he  was  ag- 
gressive, masterful,  resolute,  and  self-reliant  in  the  most 
perilous  emergency;  he  was  comprehensive  in  his  grasp 
of  every  situation,  supremely  confident  in  himself  and 
in  his  men,  and  inspired  by  his  presence  and  example 
his  soldiers  fought  as  desperately  as  did  Hannibal's  fierce 
cavalry  at  Canne  or  the  trained  veterans  of  Caesar's  Tenth 
Legion  at  Pharsalia.  I  think  the  battle  at  Brice's  Cross 
Roads  in  June,  1864,  was  one  of  the  best  illustrations  of 
General  Forrest's  daring  courage,  his  ability  in  a  critical 
moment  to  decide  swiftly,  his  relentless  vigor  of  action, 
and  his  intuitive  perception  of  the  time  and  place  to 


MEMPHIS,  TENN. 

EQUESTRIAN   STATUE   OF  LIEUTENANT-GENERAL  NATHAN 

BEDFORD  FORREST. 

1905. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  317 


(Inscriptions) 

(On  South  Front,  in  large,  raised  letters) 

NATHAN  BEDFORD  FORREST. 

1821-1877. 

(On  West  Front) 

1904. 
ERECTED   BY   HIS    COUNTRYMEN    IN   HONOR 

OF  THE   MILITARY   GENIUS   OF 

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL    NATHAN    BEDFORD    FORREST. 

CONFEDERATE   STATES   ARMY. 

1861-1865. 

(On   East  Front — Written    by    Mrs.    Virginia   Frazer  Boyle) 

THOSE  HOOF  BEATS  DIE  NOT  UPON  FAME'S  CRIMSONED  SOD, 
BUT  WILL  RING  THROUGH  HER   SONG  AND  HER  STORY; 

HE  FOUGHT  LIKE  A  TITAN  AND  STRUCK  LIKE  A  GOD, 
AND  HIS  DUST   IS   OUR  ASHES  OF  GLORY. 


strike  fierce,  stunning  blows  which  fell  like  thunderbolts 
upon  his  enemy  and  won  for  him  in  this  battle  an  over- 
whelming victory  over  an  opposing  force  which  greatly 
outnumbered  his  command. 

"  Impartial  history  has  given  General  Forrest  high 
rank  as  one  of  the  greatest  cavalry  leaders  of  modern 
times.  No  American,  North  or  South,  now  seeks  to  lessen 
the  measure  of  his  fame,  and  no  one  can  speak  of 
him  without  remembrance  of  the  men  who  served  with 
him  and  whose  soldierly  qualities  made  it  possible  for 
him  to  win  his  wonderful  victories.  No  military  leader 
was  ever  supported  by  more  faithful,  gallant,  and  daring 
subordinate  officers.  It  has  been  truly  said  that  '  the 


318 


spirit  of  the  cavalier  which  was  found  in  the  Southern 
armies  was  combined  with  the  steadfastness  of  Crom- 
well's Ironsides/  and  it  is  equally  true  that  no  soldiers 
ever  met  more  promptly  every  demand  made  upon  them ; 
no  soldiers  ever  faced  the  enemies'  blazing  guns  more 
fearlessly  or  performed  greater  feats  of  valor  than  did 
the  veterans  of  Forrest's  regiments  in  battles  which  were 
as  hard-fought  as  Marathon  or  Philip-pi. 

"  The  men  who  wore  the  gray  from  1861  to  1865  still 
treasure  the  memories  of  those  heroic  clays ;  but  through 
all  the  years  since  that  time  they  have  contributed  their 
full  share  to  the  advancement  and  prosperity  of  our 
common  country,  and  to-day  the  nation  has  no  truer 
friends  than  the  ex-Confederate  soldiers  of  the  South. 

"  The  war  of  1861-1865  was  a  mighty  conflict  which 
stands  without  a  parallel  in  the  annals  of  time.  Shiloh, 
Stone's  River,  Franklin,  Chickamauga,  and  Gettysburg 
are  names  made  sacred  by  the  deeds  done  there  and  by 
the  dead  who  lie  there  side  by  side  in  common  graves, 
where  the  gray  cloth  and  the  blue  have  faded  into  dust 
alike. 

"  This  monument  is  history  in  bronze;  it  illustrates  an 
eventful  era  in  our  national  history;  it  commemorates 
General  Forrest's  fame  and  it  represents  all  the  gallant 
soldiers  of  his  command ;  it  attests  the  splendid  courage 
which  won  triumphant  victories  and  did  not  fail  when 
reverses  came ;  it  stands  for  heroic  deeds  which  are  now 
the  proud  heritage  of  all  American  citizens.  It  is  emi- 
nently fitting  that  this  figure  should  stand  here  within 
the  borders  of  the  Volunteer  State,  whose  soldiers  have 
marched  and  fought  '  from'  valley's  detrth  to  mountain 
height  and  from  inland  rivers  to  the  sea,'  in  every  war  in 
the  history  of  our  republic,  with  a  valor  which  has  helped 
to  make  the  name  and  fame  of  the  American  soldier  im- 
mortal." 

Mr.  Niehaus,  the  sculptor,  is  an  artist  of  national  rep- 
utation, and  has  a  long  list  of  statues  and  monuments 
to  his  credit,  The  Forrest  monument  is  one  of  his  best. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  319 

There  is  always  a  peculiar  interest  that  attaches  to  the 
making  of  a  statue,  and  to  no  one  part  of  it  more  than 
to  the  models.  The  General  Forrest  statue,  being  eques- 
trian, had  two  models — a  man  and  a  horse.  The  man, 
though  a  professional  model,  is  as  much  sui  generis  as 
the  character  he  simulated ;  a  Prussian  cavalry  officer,  a 
fire-eater  and  a  superb  horseman,  he  fitted  the  part  so 
well  that  it  became  a  matter  of  diplomacy  to  keep  the 
peace  while  he  was  posing,  for  he  seemed  to  have  a  good 
American  chip  on  his  shoulder  all  the  time. 

The  horse  that  posed  for  the  statue  was  the  fourth  one 
selected,  all  the  others  being  abandoned  after  a  trial  of 
months.  The  handsome  animal  who  held  the  job,  how- 
ever, is  a  full  brother  of  Lord  Derby,  and  of  the  dis- 
tinguished Mambrino  Chief  pedigree.  He  is  jet  black, 
full  of  spirit,  and  yet  docile,  and  was  easily  taught  to 
hold  required  positions  by  tips  of  carrots,  apples  and 
sugar. 

He  also  posed  for  the  statue  of  St.  Louis  at  the  Louis- 
iana Purchase  Exposition,  and  is  now  (1905)  doing 
duty  for  a  statue  that  is  to  go  on  Riverside  Drive  when 
completed.  His  name  is  "  Commander,"  and  he  was 
purchased  especially  for  the  General  Forrest  model. 

Fortunately  for  the  artist,  the  tailor  who  made  Gen- 
eral Forrest's  clothes  had  kept  his  measurements,  and  it 
not  only  enabled  a  uniform  to  be  made  accurately,  but 
furnished  accurate  measurements  that  cannot  always  be 
obtained  from  photographs  and  uncertain  testimony.  An 
actual  replica  of  his  sword  was  made  and  the  horse's  trap- 
pings were  copied  from  originals. 

Mrs.  Mary  Y.  Walworth,  of  the  U.  D.  C.,  kindly 
furnished  pictures  and  data  of  the  Forrest  and  Mathes 
monuments. 

GENERAL  NATHAN  BEDFORD  FORREST 

Born  in  Bedford  County,  Tenn.,  July  13,  1821 ;  died 
at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  October  29,  1877.  He  removed  to 


320          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

Hernando,  Miss.,  in  1842,  and  was  a  planter  until  1852, 
when  he  removed  to  Memphis. 

General  Forrest  was  one  of  the  most  remarkable  men 
developed  by  the  war.  In  fighting  he  was  the  Stonewall 
Jackson  of  the  West.  United  States  Senator  John  W. 
Daniel,  of  Virginia,  in  his  great  speech  as  orator  for 
the  United  Confederate  Veterans,  at  their  reunion  in  New 
Orleans  in  April,  1892,  said:  "Forrest,  the  'Wizard  of 
the  Saddle  ' !  Oh,  what  genius  was  in  that  wonderful  man. 
He  felt  the  field  as  Blind  Tom  touches  the  keys  of  a 
piano.  '  War  means  killing,'  he  said,  '  and  the  way  to 
kill  is  to  get  there  first  with  the  most  men.'  There  is 
military  science — Napoleon,  Stonewall,  and  Lee — in  a 
nutshell.  He  was  not  taught  at  West  Point,  but  he  gave 
lessons  to  West  Point."  Erroneous  statements  have 
been  published,  even  in  encyclopedias,  concerning  his  il- 
literacy. 


Another  monument  in  Memphis,  in  Elmwood  ceme- 
tery, to  the  memory  of  the  Confederate  dead  carries  the 
following  inscriptions : 


ILLIS   VICTORIAM    NON    IMMORTALITATEM 
FATA  NEGAVERUNT. 

CONFEDERATE    DEAD. 


This  is  a  monument,  simple,  lofty  and  beautiful; 
erected  by  subscription;  is  under  the  care  of  the  Confed- 
erate Historical  Association,  assisted  by  the  Ladies'  Me- 
morial Association,  who  do  a  large  part  of  the  work  re- 
quired for  the  annual  Memorial  Day  exercises. — Mrs. 
Mary  Y.  Wahvorth. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  321 


CAPTAIN  J.  HARVEY  MATHES 

As  brave  and  gallant  a  soldier  as  ever  drew  sword  for 
the  Southland,  his  personal  courage  was  proven  on  many 
a  bloody  battlefield  and  even  in  a  greater  degree  was 
he  possessor  of  that  intrepidity.  Yielding  to  none  in 
his  loyalty  to  the  lost  cause  and  his  comrades  in  arms, 
no  appeal  to  him  for  the  South  or  her  fallen  heroes  ever 
went  unheeded.  And  when  a  campaign  of  slander  and 
vilification  was  started  in  the  dark  days  after  Appomat- 
tox  to  tarnish  the  luster  of  the  Confederate  cause,  fore- 
most in  the  ranks  of  those  who  strove  for  truth  stood 
our  noble  fellow-citizen.  To  the  contest  he  brought  the 
finest  weapons,  a  keen  perceptive  and  analytical  faculty, 
which  was  unerring,  and  a  sense  of  justice  and  proportion 
which  prevented  him  from  falling  into  over-zealous 
praise  or  unfair  denunciation. 

Firm  of  purpose  in  maintaining  a  cause  his  conscience 
told  him  was  right,  he  never  swerved  a  hair's  breadth 
from  a  position  once  assumed.  Connected  for  years 
with  our  daily  press,  his  depth  of  thought  and  originality 
of  expression  made  him  a  leader  in  the  great  movement 
for  a  regenerated  country. 

Wounded  at  the  battle  of  Atlanta,  served  actively  at 
Dalton  and  on  the  campaign  to  Atlanta;  was  almost 
constantly  at  the  front,  and  was  under  fire  seventy  days 
out  of  seventy-five,  and  was  acting  adjutant-general  on 
the  staff  of  General  Tom  Benton  Smith,  when  desper- 
ately wounded  on  July  22,  1864,  in  front  of  Atlanta. 
The  shell  that  wounded  him  killed  his'  horse.  That 
night  the  leg  of  the  young  staff  officer  was  amputated 
by  Surgeon  J.  C.  Hall  of  Anguilla,  Miss.  Colonel  L.  P. 
Dupre,  who  was  present  as  war  correspondent,  wrote  a 
very  pathetic  account  of  the  event.  Captain  Math.es 
saw  no  more  active  service;  was  in  the  hospital  at  Co- 
lumbus, Ga.,  several  months  and  was  forced  to  submit  to 
another  operation  upon  his  leg. 


322  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


CAPT.    J.    HARVEY    MATHES, 

37TH    TENN. 

C.     S.     A. 


He  was  a  consistent  Christian  character,  and  in  his 
church  sought  and  found  that  "peace  which  the  world 
cannot  give,"  and  though  devoted  to  the  denomination 
of  his  choice,  he  manifested  no  narrow  spirit  of  bigotry, 
but  was  broad  and  liberal  in  his  belief,  and  recognized 
good  wherever  he  found  it.  Thus  his  manly  Chris- 
tianity was  part  of  his  daily  life  manifesting  itself  in 
kindness,  patience  and  forgiveness  under  strongest  prov- 
ocation. 

For  many  years  he  was  a  great  sufferer  from  his 
wounds ;  he  never  burdened  others  with  his  complaints, 
but  bore  his  sufferings  silently  and  bravely.  His  private 
life,  his  charm  of  heart  and  depth  of  soul  would  have 
won  deepest  admiration,  should  all  his  public  services 
be  forgotten. 

He  was  loyal  to  his  friends  and  generous  and  mag- 
nanimous to  those  who  opposed  him.  No  man  was 
freer  from  bitter  hate;  none  strove  to  impute  unworthy 
motives,  and  none  quicker  to  accord  to  others  the  same 
charity  and  freedom  he  would  wish  for  himself.  Pos- 
sessor of  so  many  noble  qualities,  and  gifted  with  an 
intellect  of  unusual  force,  he  was  singularly  modest  and 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  323 


M  KM  PHIS,   TENN. 

J.    HARVEY  MATHES   MONUMENT. 
ELMWOOD    CEMETERY. 


324          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

unobtrusive  in  his  life  and  had  the  sweet  sympathy  of  a 
woman  for  those  in  sorrow  and  distress. 

The  name  of  our  chapter,  the  J.  Harvey  Mathes,  is  a 
living-  monument  of  our  admiration  for  him,  and  this 
simple  bust  is  our  tribute  to  his  memory,  bearing  with 
it  the  love  and  devotion  of  faithful  hearts.  Many  lofty 
shafts  erected  to  fallen  heroes  bear  testimony  of  no 
greater  merit  than  should  be  accorded  to  our  own  Har- 
vey Mathes,  a  gallant  soldier,  a  loyal  friend,  a  Christian 
gentleman. 

J.  Harvey  Mathes  was  born  in  East  Tennessee. 

The  monument  to  his  memory  was  built  by  the  Har- 
vey Mathes  Chapter,  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  325 


ONLY  A  PRIVATE     . 

Only  a  private!     His  jacket  of  gray 
Is  stained  by  the   smoke  and  the  dust; 

As   Bayard    he's  brave ;   as  Rupert  he's  gay ; 

Reckless  as  Murat  in  heat  of  the  fray, 
But  in  God  is  his  only  trust. 

Only  a  private !     To  march  and  to  fight, 

To  suffer  and  starve  and  be  strong; 
With  knowledge  enough  to  know  that  the  might 
Of  justice  and  truth  and  freedom  and  right 

In  the  end  must  crush  out  the  wrong. 

Only  a  private !     No  ribbon  or  star 

Shall  gild  with  false  glory  his  name ; 
No  honors  for  him  in  braid  or  in  bar, 
His  Legion  of  Honor  is  only  a  scar, 

And  his  wounds  are  his  roll  of  fame ! 

Only  a  private !     One  more  here  slain 

On  the  field  lies  silent  and  chill ! 
And  in  the  far  South  a  wife  prays  in  vain 
One  clasp  of  the  hand  she  may  ne'er  clasp  again, 

One  kiss  from  the  lips  that  are  still. 

Only  a  private !     There  let  him  sleep ! 

He  will  need  not  tablet  nor  stone; 
For  the  mosses  and  vines  o'er  his  grave  will  creep, 
And  at  night  the  stars  through  the  clouds  will  peep, 

And  watch  him  who  lies  there  alone. 

Only  a  martyr  who  fought  and  who  fell 
Unknown   and  unmarked   in  the  strife! 

But  still  as  he  lies  in  his  lonely  cell, 

Angel  and   seraph  the  legend  shall  tell 
Such  a  death  is  eternal  life! 

RICHMOND,  VA.,  Oct.  24,  1886. 


327 


NASHVILLE,  TENN. 

A  monument  to  the  Frank  Cheatham  Bivouac,  No.  i, 
of  the  Tennessee  Confederate  soldiers,  and  Camp  No. 
35,  U.  C.  V.,  was  dedicated  in  Nashville  June  19,'  1909. 
It  is  called  the  "  private  soldiers'  monument,"  but  the 
tablet  contains  the  names  of  major  and  brigadier  gen- 
erals, colonels,  and  staff  officers — all  men,  whatever 
their  rank,  who  happened  to  be  members  of  the  two 
organizations.  There  are  two  military  organizations, 
both  active,  under  the  laws  of  Tennessee — Troop  A  Cav- 
alry, under  Captain  George  F.  Hager,  and  Company  B, 
commanded  by  Captain  I.  J.  Hewlett.  There  are  on  the 
bronze  tablet  five  hundred  and  forty  names,  and  of  the 
number  there  are  three  hundred  and  twenty-eight  sur- 
vivors. The  picture  herewith  presented  shows  promi- 
nently Troop  A  and  Company  B  made  on  the  day  of 
the  dedication.  The  ceremony  was  brief.  Rev.  R.  Lin 
Cave,  Chaplain  General  U.  C.  V.,  made  the  invocation, 
and  Judge  S.  F.  Wilson,  of  the  Tennessee  Court  of  Ap- 
peals, was  the  orator  of  the  occasion.  Major  B.  M. 
Hord,  chairman  of  the  committee  (since  the  death  of 
Mr.  Theodore  Cooley,  who  was  prominent  in  inaugurat- 
ing the  movement),  was  master  of  ceremonies,  and  was 
doubtless  the  most  grateful  member  present,  having  had 
the  burden  of  raising  the  money  and  was  much  de- 
pressed until  the  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  became 
active  participants  and,  as  they  always  do  when  they 
undertake  an  enterprise,  carried  it  through.  Immedi- 
ately in  front  of  the  statue  are  the  little  granddaughters 
of  Major  Hord,  who,  together  with  Master  Winston 
Pilcher  Folk,  grandson  of  the  late  Captain  M.  B.  Pilcher, 
participated  in  the  unveiling. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


SAM  DAVIS 

The  martyrdom  of  Sam  Davis  is  not  equaled  in  the 
annals  of  war.  A  Confederate  scout,  he  was  sent  by 
General  Bragg  into  the  Union  lines  for  valuable  informa- 
tion. Securing  this,  much  of  it  from  a  Federal  officer 
at  Nashville,  he  was  returning,  when  captured  near  Pu- 
laski,  Tenn.,  by  the  Seventh  Kansas  Cavalry.  He  was 
court-martialed  and  condemned  to  be  hanged  as  a  spy, 
but  General  G.  M.  Dodge,  the  Federal  general  in  com- 
mand, pitying  his  youth  and  nobility  of  demeanor,  of- 
fered him  his  life  if  he  would  give  the  name  of  the  traitor 
who  had  given  him  the  information.  This  Davis  re- 
fused to  do,  though  General  Dodge  made  repeated  ef- 
forts to  induce  him  to  change  his  mind — even  offering 
him  his  freedom,  upon  those  conditions,  after  he  was  on 
the  gallows.  Davis  refused,  saying :  "  If  I  had  a  thou- 
sand lives,  I  would  give  them  all  before  I  would  betray 
my  friends  or  the  confidence  of  my  informer." 

Extracts  from  the  address  of  Governor  Patterson  at 
the  unveiling  of  the  Sam  Davis  Monument: 

"  From  a  gentleman  who  knew  Sam  Davis  well  and 
who  married  one  of  his  sisters  I  have  this  information 
as  to  his  appearance  and  some  of  his  characteristics. 
He  seemed  to  have  filled  every  conception  of  the  flower 
and  chivalry  of  young  manhood,  and  his  very  presence 
was  suggestive  of  romance  and  valorous  deeds.  His 
habits  were  pure,  his  affections  strong,  his  disposition 
singularly  quiet  and  reticent.  In  stature  he  was  just 
six  feet  tall,  slender  and  finely  proportioned,  with  regu- 
lar features  and  an  expression  of  mingled  strength  and 
refinement.  His  eyes  were  dark  and  aglow  with  intelli- 
gence, his  hair  almost  black,  his  figure  erect  as  if  it 
scorned  the  low  and  base,  his  manners  gentle  as  be- 
comes the  brave. 

"  No  one  with  brush  or  chisel  or  pen,  with  thought  or 
tongue  of  eloquence  is  able  to  reach  the  heights  which 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  329 

this  boy  trod  when  he  gave  his  innocent  life  that  day. 
Blind  Homer,  who  sang  the  story  of  Troy;  Milton, 
who  told  of  the  loss  of  Paradise ;  Shakespeare,  who 
sounded  every  depth  and  touched  every  shore  of  human- 
ity, nor  all  the  other  mastefs  can  nothing  add  and  noth- 
ing take  from  the  simple  majesty  which  clothes  the  death 
of  Davis. 

"  On  Calvary  the  Son  of  God  died  with  cruel  nails 
driven  through  his  quivering  flesh,  the  crown  of  thorns 
pressing  down  upon  his  agonized  brow,  and  since  then 
the  cross  has  been  the  Christian's  sign  in  every  land; 
and  which  of  us  has  the  right  to  say  that  He  who  cre- 
ated the  earth  and  the  sky  and  every  living  thing  on  sea 
and  land,  whose  mysteries  baffle,  but  whose  providence 
is  over  all,  could  give  the  Son  of  Mary  to  teach  men  how 
to  live  could  not  also  give  this  son  of  Tennessee  to  teach 
men  how  to  die? 

"  Before  concluding  I  wish  to  invite  your  attention  to 
what  seems  to  me  a  beautiful  and  most  appropriate  con- 
ception of  the  committee  who  have  had  charge  of  this 
work  and  who  have  so  unselfishly  and  patriotically  per- 
formed their  labors.  The  figure  of  Sam  Davis  when 
the  veil  is  lifted  will  reveal  the  genius  of  the  sculptor  and 
will  stand,  as  will  be  observed,  on  a  pedestal  and  sur- 
rounded by  marble  quarried  from  the  hills  of  Tennessee 
in  the  center  of  a  heart-shaped  enclosure,  suggesting  at 
once  the  thought  that  his  name  and  memory  live  in  the 
heart  of  his  native  State,  from  whose  dust  he  came  and 
to  whose  dust  he  has  returned. 

"  This  spot  will  be  sacred  evermore  to  those  who  love 
the  pure,  the  true,  the  brave,  for  it  is  dedicated  to  the 
knightly  tenants  of  the  soul.  Let  mothers  bring  their 
children  here  to  learn  the  story  of  his  young  life  and 
triumphant  death,  to  know  that  brave  men  never  really 
die,  that  truth  is  worth  more  than  gold,  that  honor  is 
more  precious  than  life.  Let  those  of  us  who  have  put 
on  the  armor,  met  in  the  shock  of  life's  conflicts,  dealt 
and  received  wounds,  now  gather  at  this  shrine,  forget 


330  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


NASHVILLE,    TENN. 
MONUMENT    TO    SAM    DAVIS. 

1909. 


the  petty  rivalries  which  gnaw  at  the  soul  and  fetter 
the  pinions  of  noble  aspiration,  and  at  the  feet  of  Sam 
Davis  remember  that  we  too  are  Tennesseeans ;  that  here 
we  meet  on  common  ground,  and  from  this  holy  pre- 
cinct let  us  go  to  forgive  and  forget.  With  his  memory 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  331 


(Front) 

1842  SAM    DAVIS  1863 

THE    BOYS    WILL    HAVE    TO    FIGHT 
THE    BATTLES   WITHOUT    ME." 


HE  GAVE   ALL  HE  HAD— 

LIFE; 

HE    GAINED    ALL    HE    LACKED— 
IMMORTALITY. 


THIS   MONUMENT   IS   ERECTED 

BY    CONTRIBUTIONS    FROM    CITIZENS 

OF    EVERY    STATE    IN    THE    AMERICAN    UNION, 

ON   THE    SITE   AUTHORIZED 

BY   THE    SIST   GENERAL   ASSEMBLY 

OF   THE   STATE   OF   TENNESSEE. 

1909. 

(West) 
SAM    DAVIS. 

WHEN  THE  LORD  CALLS  UP  EARTH'S  HEROES 

TO    STAND    BEFORE   HIS    FACE, 
O,    MANY   A   NAME,    UNKNOWN   TO    FAME 

SHALL    RING    FROM    THAT    HIGH    PLACE; 
THEN   OUT   OF   A   GRAVE   IN   THE   SOUTHLAND 

AT   THE   JUST   GOD'S    CALL   AND   BECK, 
SHALL  ONE  MAN  RISE  WITH  FEARLESS  EYES 

WITH   A  ROPE  ABOUT   HIS   NECK; 
O  SOUTHLAND!    BRING  YOUR  LAURELS, 

AND   ADD   YOUR  WREATH,   O   NORTH! 
LET  GLORY  CLAIM  THE  HERO'S  NAME 

AND  TELL  THE  WORLD   HIS   WORTH. 

— ELLA   WHEELER   WILCOX. 


332          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

and  its  pervading  inspiration  let  us  face  the  future  and 
bring1  to  the  service  of  our  State  and  our  country  a 
higher  measure  of  responsibility,  deeper  and  truer  con- 
ceptions of  duty. 

"  In  the  name  of  Tennessee,  illustrious  in  peace  and 
war,  whose  star  has  shone  resplendently  in  the  glorious 
canopy  of  the  Union  for  more  than  a  century  of  time, 
and  whose  luster  is  undimmed  by  the  passing  years,  I 
receive  this  statue  of  her  soldier  boy." 


SAM  DAVIS 
TRIBUTE  BY  ELLA  WHEELER  WILCOX. 

When  the  Lord  calls  up  earth's  heroes 

To  stand  before  his  face, 
O,  many  a  name  unknown  to  fame 

Shall  ring  from  that  high  place ! 
And  out  of  a  grave  in  the  Southland, 

At  the  just  God's  call  and  beck, 
Shall  one  man  rise  with  fearless  eyes, 

And  a  rope  about  his  neck. 

For  men  have  swung  from  gallows 

Whose  souls  were  white  as  snow. 
Not  how  they  die  nor  where,  but  why, 

Is  what  God's  records  show. 
And  on  that  mighty  ledger 

Is  writ  Sam  Davis'  name — 
For  honor's  sake  he  would  not  make 

A  compromise  with  shame. 

The  great  world  lay  before  him. 

For  he  was  in  his  youth ; 
With  love  of  life  young  hearts  are  rife, 

But  better  he  loved  truth. 
He  fought  for  his  convictions ; 

And  when  he  stood  at  bay, 
He  would  not  flinch  or  stir  one  inch 

From  honor's  narrow  way. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  333 

They  offered  life  and  freedom 

If  he  would  speak  the  word ; 
In  silent  pride  he  gazed  aside 

As  one  who  had  not  heard. 
They  argued,  pleaded,  threatened — 

It  was  but  wasted  breath. 
"  Let  come  what  must,  I  keep  my  trust," 

He  said,  and  laughed  at  death. 

-He  would  not  sell  his  manhood 

To  purchase  priceless  hope; 
Where  kings  drag  down  a  name  and  crown, 

He  dignified  a  rope. 
Ah,  grave!  where  was  your  triumph? 

Ah,  death!  where  was  your  sting? 
He  showed  you  how  a  man  could  bow 

To  doom  and  stay  a  king. 

And  God,  who  loves  the  loyal 

Because  they  are  like  him, 
I  doubt  not  yet  that  soul  shall  sit 

Among  his  cherubim. 
O  Southland !  bring  your  laurels ; 

And  add  your  wreath,  O  North ! 
Let  glory  claim  the  hero's  name, 

And  tell  the  world  his  worth. 


334  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


HENRY   CO. 
CONFEDERATE    SOLDIERS. 


PARIS,  TENN. 

At  the  unveiling  of  the  Confederate  monument  in 
Paris,  October  13,  1900,  ex-Governor  James  D.  Porter, 
who  was  adjutant-general  on  the  staff  of  Major-General 
B.  F.  Cheatham,  spoke  as  follows : 

"  You  speak  to  posterity  through  this  marble  in  a  lan- 
guage commemorative  of  the  heroism  of  the  soldiers  of 
Henry  County.  At  the  same  time  you  illustrate  your 
own  admiration  for  devotion  to  duty  under  circum- 
stances of  the  greatest  trial.  The  war  between  the 
States  was  not  promoted  by  the  men  of  Henry  County. 
They  were  conservative  and  peaceful.  War  to  them  was 
terrible  to  contemplate,  but  they  were  not  afraid  of  it 
or  of  its  sacrifices.  '  They  loved  peace  as  they  ab- 
horred pusillanimity,  but  not  peace  at  any  price.  There 
is  a  peace  more  destructive  of  the  manhood  of  living 
men  than  war  is  destructive  of  his  material  body. 
Chains  are  worse  than  bayonets.'  The  men  of  Henry 
were  the  sons  and  grandsons  of  Virginia  and  North 
Carolina.  Their  ancestors  fought  at  Yorktown  and 
King's  Mountain,  and  were  with  Jackson  at  New  Or- 
leans. They  had  heard  the  stories  of  these  great  events 
from  the  pioneers,  and  were  familiar  with  the  trials  and 
hardships  of  the  cheerless  days  of  the  American  revo- 
lution. They  had  learned  that  in  a  republic  the  liberty 
of  the  citizen  and  his  rights  of  property  must  be  asserted 
in  the  courts  of  the  country,  or  at  the  ballot  box,  and 
failing  here,  a  resort  to  arms  was  the  logical  consequence. 


335 


PARIS,    TENN. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 
1900. 


336          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

"  Tennessee  declared  at  an  early  day,  months  before  her 
own  formal  withdrawal  from  the  Union,  that  if  the  rule 
of  force  was  applied  to  one  State  it  would  be  accepted 
by  her  people  as  an  act  of  war.  The  people  of  the 
South  are  and  were  a  homogeneous  race.  A  common 
ancestry  with  customs  and  institutions  alike  created  a 
brotherhood  stronger  than  the  Union  of  States.  So 
when  President  Lincoln  called  for  troops  and  inaugu- 
rated war  against  South  Carolina  and  other  seceding 
States  there  was  no  delay  nor  hesitation,  no  postpone- 
ment for  advice  from  leaders.  The  men  of  Henry  upon 
their  own  motion  rushed  to  arms.  This  action  was  a 
response  to  the  lesson  evolved  from'  their  education :  a 
sense  of  duty  controlled  them;  their  judgments  and 
hearts  approved  it,  and  before  God  and  the  tribunal 
of  history  we  have  no  apology  to  offer.  We  made  our 
history  honestly  and  conscientiously  and  we  will  write  it 
truthfully  as  we  made  it,  the  protest  of  the  Grand  Army 
of  the  Republic  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding.  We  want 
no  accommodating  committee  to  compromise  our  his- 
tory, or  to  sugarcoat  facts  unpalatable  to  the  sensibilities 
of  men  who  will  not  accord  honesty  of  purpose  to  the 
men  of  the  South.  We  want  posterity  to  know  how 
our  history  was  made ;  that  it  was  done  deliberately  and 
voluntarily,  and  that  wre  put  our  lives  and  fortunes  to 
the  touchstone  of  battle,  and  thus  gave  to  the  world  the 
highest  evidence  of  our  sincerity.  Henry  County  fur- 
nished a  larger  number  of  soldiers  for  the  war,  in  pro- 
portion, to  white  population,  than  any  county  in  the 
State.  They  were  earnest,  brave  men,  full  of  dash  and 
steadiness,  responsive  to  discipline,  with  wonderful  power 
to  overcome  fatigue  and  to  resist  the  rigor  of  winter  and 
the  heat  of  summer.  Meager  rations  were  accepted 
without  complaint ;  our  surroundings  were  appreciated 
by  all.  There  was  no  hope  of  foreign  assistance,  and 
no  expectation  of  success  unless  it  could  be  won  on  the 
battlefield.  The  Federal  Government  had  men,  money, 
and  munitions  of  war,  and  there  was  no  limit  to  the  sup- 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  337 

ply.  The  Confederate  States  did  not  have  a  current 
dollar;  when  a  soldier  was  killed  or  disabled  there  was 
no  one  to  take  his  place.  When  a  Federal  soldier  met 
the  same  fate  a  dozen  recruits  were  sent  forward.  The 
Army  of  Tennessee  killed  and  disabled  more  men  of 
Sherman's  army  than  we  had  on  our  muster  rolls,  yet 
•Sherman  was  stronger  in  numbers  when  he  reached  At- 
lanta than  when  he  moved  against  Rocky  Face  Ridge 
one  hundred  days  before  that  date,  after  righting  a  bat- 
tle almost  every  day.  No  recruits  came  to  the  Confed- 
erates ;  there  was  no  nation  nor  people  upon  whom  we 
could  call  for  help;  ours  was  the  orphan  nation  of  the 
world,  poor,  naked,  and  hungry.  As  time  passed  hard- 
ships multiplied ;  the  clothing  of  the  men  and  the  rations 
upon  which  they  were  fed  were  growing  lighter  in 
weight ;  ammunition  was  no  longer  abundant ;  the  coun- 
try was  exhausted ;  pinching  cold  and  hunger  and  pov- 
erty were  in  every  household. 

"  To  these  conditions  we  at  last  succumbed.  The  men 
of  Henry  stood  by  the  flag  to  the  last ;  they  participated 
in  every  battle  of  the  Southwest.  From  Belmont  to 
Bentonville  they  fell  '  on  the  red  sand  of  the  battlefield 
with  bloody  corpses  strewn,'  and  hundreds  of  them 
sleep  in  unmarked  graves,  but  they  are  not  forgotten. 
The  stars  may  go  down,  but  there  is  no  oblivion  for  good 
or  brave  deeds." 


338  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


PULASKI,    TENN. 

SAM  DAVIS   MONUMENT. 

1906. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  339 

(Front) 

BORN   OCT.    6,    1842,    NEAR    SMYRNA, 
RUTHERFORD  COUNTY,  TENNESSEE. 

THOUGH    A    CONFEDERATE 

SOLDIER  IN  LINE  OF  DUTY 

HE  WAS  EXECUTED  AS  A  SPY 

BY  THE   FEDERALS  AT 

PULASKI,  NOV.  27,   1863. 

LET  COME  WHAT  MUST, 
I    KEEP    MY   TRUST. 

SAM    DAVIS. 

(Right) 

GREATER  LOVE  HATH  NO 

MAN  THAN  THIS,  THAT  A 

MAN   LAY  DOWN  HJS  LIFE 

FOR    HIS    FRIENDS. 

(Left) 

IF  I  HAD  A  THOUSAND  LIVES  I 

WOULD  LOSE  THEM  ALL  BEFORE 

I    WOULD    BETRAY    MY    FRIENDS    OR 

THE   CONFIDENCE   OF   MY  INFORMER. 

(Rear) 

ERECTED    BY 

GILES   COUNTY   CHAPTER   U.   D.    C. 
OCTOBER    ii,    1906. 


PULASKI,  TENN. 

This  monument  in  honor  of  the  boy  hero  of  the 
South  stands  near  the  court  house  on  the  public  square 
in  Pulaski.  It  is  made  of  the  best  Georgia  granite  from 
bottom  of  base  up;  five  feet  six  inches  square  at  base 


340 


and  about  15  feet  tall  to  foot  of  figure.  The  life-size 
figure  of  Sam  Davis,  crowning  the  shaft,  is  of  Italian 
marble.  The  base  of  monument  is  elevated  3  feet  above 
level  of  the  square,  enclosed  in  an  iron  fence  on  a  stone 
wall  1 6  feet  square  with  a  plot  of  blue  grass  around 
monument.  Total  height  of  monument  from  level  of 
square,  24  feet. — (Miss}  S.  L.  McCord,  Secretary  Giles 
County  Chapter,  V.  D.  C. 

Near  Smyrna,  Tenn.,  is  another  monument  to  Sam 
Davis,  at  his  grave.  It  was  erected  by  his  father,  mak- 
ing three  monuments  in  the  South  erected  to  a  private 
soldier.  On  a  Sunday  in  May,  1896,  a  memorial  serv- 
ice was  held  at  the  old  Davis  home  near  Smyrna,  twenty 
miles  south  of  Nashville.  The  Confederate  Veteran  says : 

"  The  gathering  of  more  than  one  thousand  people 
at  a  country  home  on  a  quiet  Sunday  afternoon  to  do 
homage  to  the  character  of  a  plain  young  man,  who  was 
a  private  soldier  in  the  Confederate  army,  nearly  one- 
third  of  a  century  after  his  death,  is  an  extraordinary 
event.  The  presence  of  Veteran  associations  and  min- 
isters eminent  in  various  Christian  churches  gave  it  the 
dignity  that  was  fitting  the  sacred  occasion. 

"  The  address  of  Dr.  Barbee  on  that  day  has  been 
read  in  thousands  of  homes,  and  becomes  the  history  of 
Samuel  Davis,  and  of  an  important  chapter  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  great  war." 


TEXAS 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  343 


It  has  been  said  with  much  truth  that  the  continuance 
of  the  great  secession  struggle  for  four  years  was  either 
a  paradox  or  a  miracle.  Yet  even  after  Sherman's  giant 
stride  across  the  South  in  the  winter  of  1864-65  had 
proved  the  whole  Confederacy  to  be  a  mere  shell,  there 
were  few  who  anticipated  the  sudden  and  utter  collapse 
of  April.  The  dauntless  front  which  Lee  presented 
against  overwhelming  odds  imposed  upon  friend  and  foe 
alike,  and  the  volumes  before  us  ["  Four  Years  Under 
Marse  Robert  "]  (a  mere  fragment  of  the  war  literature 
of  the  South,  which  is  accumulating  so  rapidly)  prove 
conclusively  that  up  to  the  very  last  there  was  no  fail- 
ure of  heart  and  hope  in  his  indomitable  ranks. 

"  We  relied  not  so  much,"  writes  Major  Stiles,  "  on 
any  special  plans  or  hopes,  but  rather  upon  the  inherently 
imperishable  cause,  the  inherently  unconquerable  man. 
Fresh  disaster  each  day  did  not  affect  our  confidence. 
We  were  quite  ready  to  admit — indeed,  we  had  already 
contemplated — anything  and  everything  this  side  of  ulti- 
mate disaster;  but  that  never!  " 

Brigadier  Duke,  of  Morgan's  Cavalry,  who  was  al- 
most the  last  man  in  the  South  to  lay  down  his  arms,  pic- 
tures the  indescribable  dismay  with  which  the  veterans 
of  Early 's  command  learned  of  Lee's  surrender:  "If  the 
light  of  heaven  had  gone  out,  a  more  utter  despair  and 
consternation  would  not  have  ensued.  When  the  news 
first  came,  it  perfectly  paralyzed  everyone.  Men  looked 
at  each  other  as  if  they  had  just  heard  a  sentence  of  death, 
and  eternal  ruin  passed  upon  all." 

Another  of  these  writers,  Senator  Reagan,  the  Post- 
master General,  upon  whom  it  devolved  that  sad  April 
Sunday  to  break  to  Jefferson  Davis  the  intelligence  that 
Lee  was  in  retreat,  gives  a  striking  description  of  the 


344          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

stupor  into  which  the  Southern  capital  was  plunged 
"  when  that  ill  news  was  told  "  :  "  The  booming  of  the 
guns  of  the  enemy  told  of  the  approaching  host,  and 
preparations  were  hurriedly  made  for  the  departure  of 
the  governmental  forces.  The  pen  of  man  cannot  be 
dipped  in  ink  dark  enough  to  draw  the  darkness  of  that 
night  which  fell  over  Richmond.  Throughout  the  city 
reigned  a  quiet,  undemonstrative  confusion,  such  as  the 
realization  of  the  inevitable  draws  with  it — hardly  a  soul 
in  all  the  capital  found  rest  in  sleep,  for  on  the  morrow 
it  was  certain  that  the  dream  of  an  independent  Confed- 
eracy would  have  blown  over  like  a  mist  from  the  sea. 
Never  before  had  Richmond  felt  that  the  doom  of  cap- 
ture was  in  store  for  her.  During  four  long  years  the 
armies  of  the  enemy  had  been  beaten  away  from  her  very 
gates ;  but  now  the  sad  realization  of  the  inevitable  seemed 
to  possess  the  gallant  Confederate  citizens.  During  the 
years  of  conflict  they  had  become  inured  to  the  rattle  of 
their  windows  by  the  thunder  of  the  Federal  guns,  but 
now  all  was  suddenly  changed." 

Yet  even  on  that  last  desperate  retreat  which  ended 
at  Appomattox  Court  House  the  courage  of  officers  and 
men  flamed  high  as  ever.  "All  over,  sir?"  replied 
Major  Stiles  with  the  greatest  sincerity,  as  he  tells  us, 
to  the  mournful  ejaculation  of  a  civilian  friend  too  old 
to  march  in  the  ranks — "over,  sir?  Why,  sir,  it  has' 
just  begun.  We  are  now  where  a  good  many  of  us  have 
for  a  good  while  longed  to  be.  Richmond  gone,  nothing 
to  take  care  of,  foot  loose,  and,  thank  God !  out  of  these 
miserable  lines.  Now  we  may  be  able  to  get  what  we 
have  longed  for  for  months — a  fair  fight  in  an  open  field." 

The  gallant  Major,  who  had  served  his  guns  in  the 
thick  of  the  fight  from  the  opening  days  of  the  war,  was 
spared  the  closing  scene  at  Appomattox  by  being  taken 
prisoner  a  day  or  two  earlier  at  Sailors  Creek  at  the  end 
of  a  murderous  day.  The  finale  of  this,  the  last  battle 
of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  in  which  Lee's  rear 
guard  under  Ewell  was  isolated  by  overwhelming  num- 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  345 

bers,  degenerated  into  a  mere  butchery  and  a  confused 
melee  of  brutal  personal  conflicts.  "  I  saw  numbers  of 
men,"  says  Major  Stiles,  "  kill  each  other  with  bayonets 
and  the  butts  of  muskets,  and  even  bite  each  other's 
throats  and  ears  and  noses,  rolling  on  the  ground  like 
wild  beasts.  I  had  cautioned  my  men  against  wearing 
'  Yankee  overcoats/  especially  in  battle,  but  had  not  been 
able  to  enforce  the  order  perfectly,  and  almost  at  my  side 
I  saw  a  young  fellow  of  one  of  my  companies  jam  the 
muzzle  of  his  musket  against  the  back  of  the  head  of  his 
most  intimate  friend,  clad  in  a  Yankee  overcoat,  and 
blow  his  brains  out.  I  was  wedged  in  between  fighting 
men,  only  my  right  arm  free.  I  tried  to  strike  the  mus- 
ket barrel  up ;  but  alas !  my  sword  had  broken  in  the 
clash,  and  I  could  not  reach  it.  I  well  remember  the 
yell  of  demoniac  triumph  with  which  that  simple  country 
lad  of  yesterday  clubbed  his  musket  and  whirled  savagely 
upon  another  victim." 

Yet  these  men  were  to  a  large  extent  soft  garrison 
troops,  uninured  to  labor  and  hardship  and  privation 
and  peril,  tried  almost  beyond  human  endurance  by  the 
audacious  pressure  of  the  enemy's  cavalry  and  by  our 
lack  of  rest  and  food. — London  Spectator,  September  21, 
1907. 


AUSTIN,  TEXAS,  HOODS'  TEXAS  BRIGADE. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  347 

AUSTIN,  TEXAS 
TERRY'S  RANGERS  MONUMENT 

This  monument,  which  stands  near  the  capitol  build- 
ing at  Austin,  is  worthy  of  particular  notice,  for  it  is  a 
fine  specimen  of  the  sculptor's  art.  The  moulding  of  a 
bronze  equestrian  statue  of  the  size  of  this  one  (the  horse 
is  a  colossal  thoroughbred)  requires  genius  of  the  high- 
est order.  Fame  is  the  reward  of  the  sculptor  who  does 
it.  In  order  to  judge  the  merit  of  such  an  effort  one 
must  not  only  see  the  horse  and  see  the  man,  but  must 
take  into  consideration  the  design  of  the  artist. 

The  base  of  this  monument  is  the  largest  piece  of 
granite  ever  quarried  in  the  South,  the  Llano,  Texas, 
quarry  being  the  place  from  which  it  was  taken. 

The  sculptor  who  executed  this  magnificent  monument 
was  Pompeo  Coppini,  whose  other  works  throughout  the 
South  have  attracted  commendable  notice. 

HOOD'S    BRIGADE 

Upon  the  capitol  grounds  there  is  also  a  monument 
erected  to  the  memory  of  Hood's  Texas  Brigade.  The 
memorial  is  a  tall  shaft  surmounted  by  a  Confederate 
soldier.  Crossed  Confederate  flags  adorn  its  face,  be- 
neath which  are  a  monogrammed  C.  S.  A.,  the  figures 
1861-1865,  a  list  of  the  battles  participated  in,  the  name 
of  the  brigade,  etc.  The  base  reads :  "  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia."  The  remaining  sides  and  bases  carry  other 
details  of  the  Brigade's  history  in  the  great  -conflict  be- 
tween the  States.  The  monument  was  dedicated  May 
7,  1910,  with  State-wide  ceremonies. 

TOM    GREEN    MONUMENT 

The  Tom  Green  monument  is  in  Oak  wood,  the  city 
cemetery,  where  his  family  are  buried  and  where  he  like- 
wise was  laid  at  rest,  in. compliance  with  his  request  be- 
fore going  to  the  army.  The  State  wanted  him  in  the 
State  cemetery,  but  when  his  request  was  made  known 


348          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


AUSTIN,    TEXAS. 

TERRY'S    RANGERS    MONUMENT. 

1907. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


(Front) 

IN  COMMEMORATION  OF  THE  VALOR  OF  THE  EIGHTH  TEXAS 
CAVALRY,  15KTTER  KNOWN  AS  TERRY'S  TEXAS  RANGERS,  PRO- 
VISIONAL ARMY  OF  THE  CONFEDERATE  STATES,  1861-1865. 
ERECTED  1907  BY  SURVIVING  COMRADES." 


WITH  A  LITTLE  MORE  DRILL 
YOU  ARE  THE  EQUALS  OF 
THE  OLD  GUARD  OF  NAPO- 
LEON." 

ALBERT    SYDNEY    JOHNSTON. 


(Right    side) 

"ALWAYS    FEEL    SAFE    WITH 
THE    RANGERS    IN    FRONT." 
GEN.   W.  J.   HARDEE. 


(.Left) 


•THERE  IS  NO  DANGER  OF 
A  SURPRISE  WHEN  THE 
TEXAS  RANGERS  ARE  BE- 
TWEEN US  AND  THE  EN- 
EMY." 

GEN.    BRAXTON    BRAGG. 


THE  TERRY'S  RANGERS 
HAVE  DONE  ALL  THAT  CAN 
BE  EXPECTED  OR  RE- 
QUIRED OF  SOLDIERS." 

JEFFERSON    DAVIS.  " 


(Rear) 

THE  LAST  ORDER. 

Headquarters,  Cavalry  Corps,  April  24,  1865. 
Gallant  Comrades : — You  have  fought  your  fight.  Your  task 
is  done.  During  four  years  of  struggle  for  liberty  you  have  ex- 
hibited courage,  fortitude  and  devotion.  You  are  the  victors  of 
more  than  200  sternly  contested  fields.  You  have  participated  in 
more  than  1000  conflicts  of  arms.  You  are  heroes,  veterans,  patri- 
ots. The  bones  of  your  comrades  mark  the  battlefields  of  Ken- 
tucky, Tennessee,  Georgia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Ala- 
bama and  Mississippi.  You  have  done  all  that  human  exertion 
could  accomplish.  In  bidding  you  adieu  I  desire  to  tender  you 
my  thanks  for  your  gallantry  in  battle,  your  fortitude  under  suf- 
fering, and  your  devotion  at  all  times  to  the  holy  cause  you  have 
done  so  much  to  maintain.  I  desire  also  to  express  my  gratitude 
for  the  kind  feeling  you  have  seen  fit  to  extend  to  myself  and  to 
invoke  upon  you  the  blessing  of  our  Heavenly  Father  in  the  cause 
of  freedom.  Comrades  in  arms,  I  bid  you  farewell. 

JOSEPH  WHEELER, 

Lieutenant   General, 
Commanding  Cavalry  Corps,  Army  of  Tennessee. 


350          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


AUSTIN,    TEXAS. 

TOM   GREEN    MONUMENT. 

1909. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  351 

(.East)    . 

TOM    GREEN 
JUNE    8,    i8i4-APRIL    12,    1864. 


A  SOLDIER  IN  THE  BATTLE  OF  SAN 
JACINTO  AND  IN  THE  INDIAN  WARS 
OF  THE  REPUBLIC  OF  TEXAS.  A 
MEMBER  OF  THE  4TH  CONGRESS  OF 
THE  REPUBLIC  OF  TEXAS,  AND  AN 
OFFICIAL  IN  THE  2ND,  3RD,  sTH, 
6TH,  AND  STH  CONGRESSES.  CAP- 
TAIN IN  HAYS'S  REGIMENT  OF 
TEXAS  RANGERS  IN  THE  WAR  BE- 
TWEEN THE  UNITED  STATES  AND 
MEXICO.  CLERK  OF  THE  SUPREME 
COURT  OF  TEXAS,  1841-1861.  BRIGA- 
DIER GENERAL  IN  THE  ARMY  OF 
THE  CONFEDERATE  STATES.  FELL 
IN  BATTLE  OF  BLAIR'S  LANDING, 
LA.,  ON  APRIL  12,  1864. 

(West) 

ERECTED    IN    LOVING    MEMORY 
BY   THE    SURVIVING    MEMBERS    OF 

GREEN'S  BRIGADE 

AND    THE    UNITED    DAUGHTERS    OF    THE 
CONFEDERACY,    FEBRUARY   22,    1909. 


he  was  buried  in  Oak  wood,  a  very  large  and  old  ceme- 
tery. I  do  not  know  the  number  of  graves,  but  the 
yard  covers  a  number  of  acres  and  is  a  beautiful  place. 
Green's  grave  is  right  near  the  south  entrance  and  is 
marked  by  the  chaste  obelisk  depicted  here,  erected  by 
surviving  members  of  his  brigade  and  the  United  Daugh- 
ters of  the  Confederacy,  February  22,  1909.  The  Al- 
bert Sidney  Johnston  Chapter  have  kept  this  grave  up 
for  several  years  and  expect  to  continue  to  do  so. — Mrs. 
0.  B.  Colquitt. 


352 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


CORSICANA,  TEXAS. 

CONFEDERATE   MONUMENT. 

1908. 

CORSICANA,  TEXAS 

The  monument  represents  a  Confederate  bugler  call- 
ing his  comrades  to  arms.  The  statue  is  of  bronze  and 
is  9  feet  high,  while  the  marble  pedestal  on  which  it 
stands  is  10  feet  high,  making  a  total  of  19  feet. 

The  figure  of  the  bugler  makes  an  admirable  variation 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  353 

in  the  pose  and  make-up  of  the  infantry  soldier  on  our 
monuments.  It  is  spirited  and  suggestive.  This  monu- 
ment must  be  considered  one  of  our  best. 

We  should  like  to  know  the  name  of  the  sculptor. 
There  are  several  artists  who  are  doing  fine  work  in 
the  South  in  statuary.  Our  people  should  appreciate 
them  and  give  to  them  their  due  meed  of  praise  and 
remuneration. 


(Front) 
THE  CALL  TO  ARMS. 


ERECTED    BY   THE 
NAVARRO   CHAPTER,   UNITED   DAUGHTERS 

OF    THE    CONFEDERACY, 

TO     COMMEMORATE    THE     VALOR     AND     HEROISM 
OF   THE   CONFEDERATE   SOLDIER. 


IT   IS   NOT   THE   POWER   OF   MAN  TO   COMMAND 

SUCCESS: 

THE  CONFEDERATE  SOLDIER  DID  MORE;  HE 
DESERVED  IT. 


"  But  Their  Fame  on  Brightest  Pages 
Penned  by  Poets  and  by  Sages, 
Shall  go  Sounding  Down   the  Ages." 


(Back) 

'  IT  IS  THE  DUTY  WE  OWE  TO  THE  DEAD, 
THE  DEAD  WHO  DIED  FOR  US,  BUT  WHOSE 
MEMORIES  CAN  NEVER  DIE.  IT  IS  A 
DUTY  WE  OWE  TO  POSTERITY  TO  SEE 
THAT  OUR  CHILDREN  SHALL  KNOW  THE 
VIRTUES  AND  RISE  WORTHY  OF  THEIR 
SIRES."  JEFFERSON  DAVIS. 


354  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


(Right) 

THE  SOLDIERS  OF  THE  SOUTHERN  CON- 
FEDERACY FOUGHT  VALIANTLY  FOR  THE 
LIBERTY  OF  STATE  BEQUEATHED  THEM 

BY  THEIR  FOREFATHERS  OF   1776. 

"  WHO   GLORIFIED   THEIR 

RIGHTEOUS  CAUSE  AND  WHO  MADE  THE 
SACRIFICE  SUPREME  IN  THAT  THEY  DIED 

TO    KEEP   THEIR    COUNTRY    FREE." 


(.Left) 

NOR   SHALL  YOUR  GLORY  BE  FORGOT 
WHILE  FAME  HER  RECORD  KEEPS, 

OR  HONOR  POINTS  THE  HALLOWED  SPOT 
WHERE   VALOR   PROUDLY   SLEEPS." 


"TELL  IT  AS  YOU  MAY, 
IT  NEVER   CAN  BE  TOLD; 

SING  IT  AS  YOU  WILL, 
IT  NEVER  CAN  BE  SUNG  — 
THE  STORY  OF  THE  GLORY 
OF    THE    MEN    WHO    WORE    THE    GRAY.' 


355 


GAINESVILLE,  TEXAS 

This  monument,  situated  in  the  City  Park,  is  built  of 
Texas  granite,  except  the  soldier  figure,  which  is  of 
Italian  marble.  The  base  is  of  red  granite,  1 1  feet 
square,  rising  four  steps ;  pedestal  of  gray  granite ;  the 
whole  21  feet  in  height. 

I  am  glad  to  furnish  you  this  description  of  our  beau- 
tiful monument.  We  cannot  do  too  much  to  perpetu- 
ate the  memory  of  our  brave  heroes  at  whom  "  all  the 
world  wondered." — Mrs.  J .  M.  Wright. 


Extract  from  the  address  of  Mrs.  J.  Wright  at  the 
unveiling  of  the  Gainesville  monument,  June  3,  1908 : 

"  Our  devotion  to  the  South  embraces  those  who 
maintained  her  birthright — constitutional  liberty.  Our 
reverence  for  Southern  history  extends  to  those  who 
wrote  in  sacrificial  blood  the  record  of  the  war  between 
the  States. 

"  Our  enthusiasm  in  glorious  memories  includes  those 
who  made  the  memories  possible! 

"  Our  perpetuation  of  all  this  in  stone  finds  expres- 
sion in  the  heroic  form  of  a  Confederate  soldier  invok- 
ing the  judgment  of  God  upon  our  sacred  cause,  the 
cause  of  right  against  might ! 

"  In  the  sixties  the  mission  of  woman  was  to  inspire. 
Now  the  mission  of  woman  is  to  commemorate,  and  in 
commemorating  inspire  future  generations  to  be  like  the 
mothers  of  the  South,  like  the  veterans  of  the  South! 

"  In  the  camp,  on  the  march,  pierced  with  saber  or  shell,  crucifixion 

was  your  bitter  part. 
But  they  bore  the  griefs  and  the  anguish  of  war,  the  Gethsemane's 

travail  of  heart; 
And  never  a  soldier  grew  weary  or  faltered,  but  some  woman's  voice 

from  afar 
Stopped   singing  her  little  one's  lullaby  song  to  sing  'Dixie'   for 

those  at  the  war." 


356          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


GAINESVILLE,  TEXAS. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1908. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  357 


OUR  HEROES. 


ERECTED  BY  THE 

LOU.  DOUGHERTY 

CHAPTER,  NO.  366, 

DAUGHTERS  OF  THE 

CONFEDERACY. 

FEB.  15,  1908. 

CONFEDERATE. 


"  In  the  sixties  woman  wove  the  gray  uniform  and 
kissed  the  patriot  sword  that  would  defend  home  and 
children.  Now  she  plants  flowers  on  Confederate 
graves  and  establishes  Confederate  homes. 

"  In  the  sixties  woman  by  sacrifice  and  practical  man- 
agement made  possible  the  maintenance  of  an  army  to 
defend  country  and  rights.  Now  by  sacrifice  and  prac- 
tical management  she  makes  possible  the  erection  of 
monumental  stones  that  perpetuate  the  principles,  for 
which  that  army  fighting  died  or  fighting  lived  and  en- 
dured." 


358  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

HOUSTON,  TEXAS 

DICK    BOWLING    MONUMENT 

About  1897  Dick  Dowling  Camp,  of  Houston,  Texas, 
had  about  forty  dollars  on  deposit  for  the  erection  of  a 
monument  to  the  memory  of  Richard  Dowling  and  his 
forty-two  Irishmen  composing  an  artillery  company 
called  "  The  Davis  Guards,"  so  named  after  President 
Jefferson  Davis.  Comrade  Philip  H.  Fall,  who  had  been 
elected  Adjutant  of  the  Camp  in  1886,  offered  a  resolu- 
tion that  fifty  dollars  additional  be  subscribed  by  the 
Camp,  which  was  carried  unanimously.  He  then  began 
writing  articles  in  the  Galveston  Nezvs,  Houston  Post, 
and  Fort  Worth  Gazette,  calling  for  contributions.  Miss 
Marti,  of  "  Sabine  Pass,"  was  the  first  subscriber,  sending 
$4.25.  Several  others  followed  with  a  dollar  each.  Dick 
Dowling  Chapter,  of  Beaumont,  sent  the  Adjutant  nearly 
one  hundred  dollars ;  then  the  members  of  the  Camp  sent 
a  dollar  each.  Adjutant  Fall  wrote  an  article,  request- 
ing information  and  assistance  from  the  Irish,  and  Mrs. 
Rosenberg,  of  Galveston,  wrote  a  nice  letter  enclosing 
ten  dollars  and  inquiring  why  the  Irish  did  not  come 
to  the  rescue.  This  made  the  Hibernian  Society  of 
Houston  get  to  work,  and  they  raised  several  hundred 
dollars  by  a  Fourth  of  July  picnic.  The  Camp  and 
Society  afterwards  joined  in  a  grand  concert,  thus  add- 
ing another  neat  sum. 

Through  the  special  solicitations  of  Comrade  Fall 
many  contributions  were  received  for  this  monument. 
Colonel  John  H.  Kirby  subscribed  $250,  which  so  en- 
thused the  city  that  subscriptions  came  thick  and  fast, 
and  the  amount  for  erecting  the  monument  was  soon 
realized. 

The  base  of  the  monument  is  of  Texas  granite,  the 
statue  of  Italian  marble,  and  made  in  Italy.  Upon  the 
shaft  are  inscribed  the  names  of  the  forty-two  brave 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


359 


HOUSTON,   TEXAS. 
DICK  BOWLING  MONUMENT. 


men  who  were  in  the  fight  with  Bowling.  The  monu- 
ment is  beautifully  located  at  the  east  side  of  the  City 
Hall. 

The  exercises  for  the  unveiling  of  this  monument  were 
of  special  interest.     Business  was  suspended  in  Houston 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


on  that  day.  The  Governor  of  the  State  and  other  nota- 
bles made  addresses. 

Richard  W.  Dowling  was  a  distinguished  soldier  in 
the  Confederate  Army,  and  while  in  command  of  the 
"  Davis  Guards,"  a  company  composed  of  forty-three 
Irishmen,  at  Sabine  Pass,  a  Confederate  post  on  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  was  attacked  on  September  8,  1863,  by  a 
United  States  fleet,  containing  ten  thousand  or  fifteen 
thousand  men,  who  were  preparing  to  make  a  landing  at 
Sabine  Pass,  and  from  there  make  a  raid  through  Texas. 

President  Jefferson  Davis,  in  his  book  on  the  "  Rise 
and  Fall  of  the  Confederacy,"  says:  "  There  is  no  par- 
allel in  ancient  or  modern  warfare  to  the  victory  of 
Dowling  and  his  men  at  Sabine  Pass,  considering  the 
great  odds  against  which  they  had  to  contend." 

Dowling  and  his  men  opened  fire  with  two  small  can- 
non and  some  small  arms,  killing  a  large  number  of  men, 
sinking  one  of  the  enemy's  boats,  disabling  two  others, 
also  driving  away  those  remaining  and  taking  a  large 
number  of  prisoners.  This  defeat  of  the  United  States 
forces  forever  saved  Texas  from  invasion  by  that  army. 

Sabine  Pass  will  stand,  perhaps,  for  all  time  to  come 
the  greatest  military  victory  on  the  American  soil,  if  not 
in  the  world,  and  will  stamp  with  undying  fame  the 
names  of  all  who  were  members  of  the  "  Davis  Guards." 
The  men  who  composed  that  company  were  all  born  in 
Ireland,  the  land  that  has  given  to  liberty's  cause  so 
many  brave  and  noble  men  whether  at  home  or  on  for- 
eign soil. 

On  March  6,  1889,  the  anniversary  of  the  Independence 
of  the  Republic  of  Texas,  the  citizens  of  Houston,  which 
was  the  home  of  Major  Dowling  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  through  Hon.  W.  P.  Hamblin,  their  representa- 
tive in  the  Twentieth  Legislature  of  Texas,  then  in  ses- 
sion at  the  capital,  presented  to  Mrs.  Robertson,  then 
Miss  Dowling,  a  handsome  gold  medal,  with  diamond 
setting,  as  a  token  of  their  esteem  for  her  distinguished 
father  and  as  an  expression  of  their  appreciation  of  the 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  361 

services  he  rendered  the  "  Lost  Cause,"  and  especially 
the  people  of  Texas  in  saving  their  State  from  invasion 
in  1863  by  the  Federal  Army.  The  medal  has  on  one 
side  the  inscription :  "  Presented  to  Annie  Bowling1, 
the  daughter  of  our  Hero,"  and  on  the  other  side : 
"  From  Citizens  of  Houston."  The  presentation  took 
place  in  the  House  of  Representatives  in  the  presence  of 
both  branches  of  the  Legislature  and  the  heads  of  the 
departments  and  a  large  concourse  of  citizens  and  friends. 

Ex-Governor  Lubbock  accepted  the  medal  on  behalf 
of  Miss  Bowling.  He  was  the  Executive  of  the  great 
State  «at  the  time  and  knew  personally  nearly  every  one 
of  the  forty-three  Irishmen  who  were  engaged  under 
Lieutenant  Bowling  in  that  marvelous  battle.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  capturing  of  two  gunboats  and  disabling  a 
third,  they  killed  fifty  men,  wounded  many  others,  cap- 
tured 150  men  and  eighteen  fine  cannon,  without  the 
loss  of  a  man !  The  fight  lasted  an  hour  and  a  half, 
during  which  time  Lieutenant  Bowling  displayed  "  the 
utmost  heroism." 

Sabine  Pass  is  at  the  mouth  of  Sabine  River,  at  which 
place  and  for  miles  above  it  separates  Texas  from 
Louisiana. 


362 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


JEFFERSON,    TEXAS, 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT, 

1907. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  363 


ERECTED 

BY 
DICK  TAYLOR 

CAMP 
U.  C.  V. 


LEST  WE  FORGET. 

IN    MEMORY    OF 
OUR   DEAD. 

1861 1865. 

ON     FAME'S    ETERNAL    CAMPING     GROUND 
THEIR    SILENT   TENTS    ARE    SPREAD." 


JEFFERSON,  TEXAS 

This  monument  was  erected  by  the'  veterans  to  their 
departed  dead  and  committed  as  a  sacred  trust  to  the  R. 
E.  Lee  Chapter,  U.  D.  C.,  of  Jefferson,  as  a  gift  from 
their  ancestors,  to  be  protected  and  cherished. 

It  stands  in  a  small  park  called  Monument  Park,  in 
the  center  of  the  town,  at  the  intersection  of  Polk,  Line, 
and  Broadway  streets. 

Its  height,  with  foundation,  is  21  feet.  The  figure 
of  the  soldier  which  crowns  the  shaft  is  6  feet  3  inches 
high. — George  T.  Todd. 

We  can  state  that  the  building  of  this  monument  is 
due  largely  to  the  energy  and  liberality  of  George  T. 
Todd,  who  sent  us  the  above  picture  and  descriptive 
matter. 


364,          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


(.South) 

'  SOLDIERS,  You  IN  THE  WRECK  OF  GRAY 
WITH  THE  BRAZEN  BELT  OF  THE  C.  S.  A., 
TAKE  OUR  LOVE  AND  TEARS  TO-DAY. 
TAKE,  THEN,  ALL  THAT  WE  HAVE  TO  GIVE, 
AND  BY  GOD'S  HELP  WHILE  OUR  HEART   SHALL  LIVE 
IT   SHALL  KEEP  IN   ITS  FAITHFUL  WAY 
THE  CAMP  FIRE  LIT  FOT  THE  MEN   IN  GRAY — 
AYE,  TILL  TRUMPET  SOUND  FAR  AWAY 
AND  THE  SILVER  BUGLE  OF  HEAVEN  PLAY 
AND  THE  ROLL  is  CALLED  AT  THE  JUDGMENT  DAY." 


(North) 

'  No  MORE  THEY  HEAR  THE  REBEL  YELL, 
WHERE  BATTLE  THUNDERS  ROSE  AND  FELL; 
'Tis  Now  A  WELCOME  AND  A  CHEER 
To  FRIENDS,  TO  FOEMEN,  FAR  AND  NEAR; 
AND  PEACE,  SWEET  PEACE,  BORN  OF  DESPAIR; 
WALKS  FORTH  AND  SHEDS  HER  RADIANCE  FAIR 
UPON  LOST  FIELDS  OF  HONOR." 


(West) 

"  ERECTED  IN  MEMORY  OF  OUR  CONFEDERATE  SOLDIERS  BY 
THE  UNITED  DAUGHTERS  OF  THE  CONFEDERACY,  MARSHALL 
CHAPTER,  No.  412.  THE  LOVE,  GRATITUDE,  AND  MEMORY  OF 
THE  PEOPLE  OF  THE  SOUTH  SHALL  GILD  THEIR  FAME  IN  ONE 
ETERNAL  SUNSHINE." 


MARSHALL,  TEXAS 

On  the  iQth  of  January,  1906,  there  was  unveiled  at 
Marshall,  Texas,  a  beautiful  Confederate  monument, 
erected  through  the  efforts  of  the  local  Daughters  of 
the  Confederacy.  About  three  years  ago  the  idea  oc- 
curred to  Mrs.  T.  A.  Elgin,  then  and  now  President  of 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  365 


MARSHALL,  TEXAS. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT 

1906. 


their  chapter;  and  in  speaking  to  friends  of  it  she  re- 
ceived so  much  encouragement  that  a  list  was  started, 
and  subscriptions  soon  began  to  come  in  from  all  over 
our  country  till  the  fund  became  large  enough  to  con- 
sider the  monument  secured.  The  design  was  gotten  up 
by  Mr.  Frank  Teich,  of  Llano,  and  shows  the  youthful 


366  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

figure  of  a  Confederate  soldier,  his  hat  slightly  pushed 
back  as  on  a  hot  day.  Across  his  shoulders  is  his  blan- 
ket roll;  he  has  haversack  and  canteen,  and  is  holding 
his  gun  at  parade  rest.  The  figure  is  strongly  modeled 
and  impressive  in  the  expression  of  determined  youth. 
The  clay  model  was  made  in  plaster  of  paris  and  snipped 
to  Italy,  where  the  sculptor  went  to  have  the  figure 
carved  from  a  block  of  fine  marble.  The  monument  is 
made  of  Teich  granite,  quarried  near  Llano,  and  said 
to  be  superior  to  Vermont  granite.  It  rises  out  of  a 
circle  sixteen  feet  in  diameter.  The  base  is  nine  feet 
square  and  the  monument  is  nineteen  feet  high.  On  the 
front  of  the  east  side  is  carved  a  Confederate  flag  en- 
twined with  a  laurel  wreath  and  -palm  leaf,  signifying 
the  charge  and  the  grief  that  followed,  the  flag  repre- 
senting that  no  victory  is  won  without  the  lifeblood  of 
its  heroic  defenders. 

High  up  above  the  main  part  are  four  bas-reliefs  rep- 
resenting the  four  arms  of  the  service.  The  cannon 
with  its  stock  of  balls  on  the  side  refers  to  the  artillery, 
the  crossed  muskets  to  infantry,  sabers  to  cavalry,  and 
anchor  to  the  navy. 

The  monument  was  erected  on  the  east  side  of  the 
court  house  yard  and  cost  above  $2500.  Upon  this  very 
ground  several  companies  were  sworn  into  service  dur- 
ing the  early  part  of  the  war. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  367 


PALESTINE,  TEXAS 

Mr.  Coppini,  the  sculptor,  gives  the  interpretation  of 
design  in  this  statue,  thus :  The  statue  and  arrangement 
personify  J.  H.  Reagan  as  a  modern  Roman  tribune  in 
the  act  of  delivering  a  speech  in  the  United  States 
Senate. 

The  chair  is  symbolic.  The  heads  of  the  two  "  rams  " 
stand  for  sacrifice ;  but  as  this  significance  was  religious, 
I  crowned  them  with  laurel  to  denote  a  political  sacri- 
fice, symbolizing  the  action  of  Reagan  in  resigning  from 
the  United  States  Senate  in  order  to  answer  the  call  of 
Texas  in  the  Railroad  Commission,  where  he  was 
needed.  This  docility  in  ambition  is  supported  by 
"  lion's  paws,"  to  denote  his  strong  character. 

In  each  side  of  the  body  of  the  "chair"  is  an  eagle 
with  spread  wings,  holding  a  flag,  which  cross  at  the  back 
of  the  chair  to  support  the  United  States  Seal.  These 
two  eagles  represent  the  North  and  the  South — now 
united  in  support  of  our  great  Union,  of  which  the 
illustrious  Confederate  became  a  United  States  Senator. 

At  the  base  stands  the  statue  of  the  "  Lost  Cause," 
to  symbolize  the  "  Cause  "  for  which  Reagan  gave  all 
his  life;  a  young  man — to  show  that  the  South  gave  to 
that  struggle  the  best  of  her  blood ;  nude,  to  express  that 
the  South  was  stripped  of  all  she  had,  except  the  flag 
which  stands  for  the  records  of  her  battles  and  her  honor, 
and  the  saber,  which  General  Grant  left  to  General  Lee 
as  an  expression  of  his  bravery  and  his  merits. 

The  helmet,  to  show  that  the  figure  is  a  warrior,  and 
on  it  thirteen  stars — the  number  of  the  Southern  States 
—and  the  date,  1861-1865. 


368  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


PALESTINE,    TEXAS. 
CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  369 


(On  Bronze   Tablet,  at   Back   of  Monument) 

PROBATE  JUDGE,  HENDERSON  CO.,  TEXAS,  1846-1847. 

REPRESENTATIVE,    TEXAS    LEGISLATURE, 

1847-1848; 

DISTRICT    JUDGE    IN    TEXAS,     1852-1857; 

REPRESENTATIVE    FROM    TEXAS,    U.    S.    CONGRESS, 

1857-1861; 

REP.      FROM  TEX.    PROV.   CONGRESS,   C.    S.   A.,    1861; 

POSTMASTER   GEN.   C.    S.   A.,    1861-1865; 

SECRETARY  OF  TREAS.   C.   S.  A.,   1865. 

DELEGATE  TO   CONV.   FRAMING  CONST.   OF  TEXAS, 

1865. 

REPRESENTATIVE    FROM    TEXAS,    U.    S.    CONGRESS, 

1875-1887; 

SENATOR   FROM  TEXAS,   U.   S.   CONGRESS,    1887-1891; 

CHAIRMAN  R.   R.  COMMISSION   OF  TEXAS,   1891-1902; 

AUTHOR,     MEMOIRS     OF     SECESSION     AND     CIVIL 

WAR,    1902-1905. 


THE  OLD  ROMAN'S  HIGHEST  AMBITION  WAS  TO 
DO  HIS  FULL  DUTY:  CONSCIOUSNESS  OF  HAVING 
DONE  IT  WAS  HIS  AMPLE  REWARD. 


A  GOOD  NAME  IS  RATHER  TO  P,E  CHOSEN  THAN 
GREAT  RICHES,  AND  LOVING  FAVOR  RATHER 
THAN  SILVER  AND  GOLD. 


370          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


'THE    LOST    CAUSE." 
PALESTINE,  TEXAS. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  371 


PARIS,  TEXAS 

The  monument  at  Paris  is  on  the  southwest  corner  of 
the  court  house  square. 

On  the  east  side  of  the  square  is  a  large  court  house, 
built  of  Texas  granite. 

The  material  of  the  monument  is  Texas  granite,  all 
gray  except  the  first  base,  which  is  red,  9  feet  square. 
On  each  side  of  the  third  base,  which  is  5^  feet  square 
and  26  inches  thick,  are  inscriptions,  and  above  the  in- 
scriptions, on  pedestals,  are  four  bronze  busts : 

Front,  Jefferson  Davis;  east,  R.  E.  Lee;  north,  Albert 
Sidney  Johnston ;  west,  Stonewall  Jackson. 

The  monument  is  17  feet  high,  including  the  bronze 
figure  of  a  Confederate  soldier  which  surmounts  it. 

On  the  north  side  of  base  are  inscribed  the  names  of 
the  builders:  P.  Coppini,  sculptor;  Otto  Zirkel,  builder. 

It  is  Texas  made,  except  for  the  casting  of  the  bronze 
figures.  The  monument  was  erected  by  Lamar  Chap- 
ter, No.  258,  U.  D.  C.,  in  honor  of  the  Confederate  sol- 
diers who  offered  their  lives,  suffering  hardships  and 
privation  such  as  only  a  Confederate  soldier  knew,  while 
fighting  for  our  rights. — Mrs.  O.  C.  Connor. 


Mrs.  Connor's  opinion  of  the  Paris  monument  is 
correct.  It  is  a  fine  monument.  The  Paris  people  were 
wise  in  securing  the  work  of  a  sculptor  of  genuine  ability 
to  fashion  the  figure  of  the  young  Confederate  soldier- 
boy  and  the  four  busts  of  the  great  leaders,  for  their 
monument. 

Mr.  Coppini  is  an  artist,  and  he  is  doing  great  things 
for  memorial  art  in  the  Southern  States. 

The  Confederate  Veteran  says : 

"  One  of  the  handsomest  monuments  erected  to  the 
private  Confederate  soldier  by  any  one  Chapter  of  the 
U.  D.  C.,  is  that  at  Paris,  Texas,  by  the  Lamar  Chapter. 


372 


(.South) 
OUR    HEROES. 

(Star) 
1 86 1  TO   1865. 

CONFEDERATE. 

(East) 

FROM   FT.    SUMTER 

(Cannon) 
TO  APPOMATTOX. 

CONFEDERATE. 

(North) 
THE  SONS  OF  TEXAS 

(Crossed   guns) 
WHO    FELL   IN    BATTLE. 

CONFEDERATE. 


THE  WOMEN  OF  THE   SOUTH 

C.   S.  A. 
WHOSE  DEVOTION  SUSTAINED  US. 

CONFEDERATE. 


The  monument  is  artistic,  emblematic,  and  historic.  It 
was  designed  by  O.  C.  Connor,  who  has  been  the  main- 
stay and  support  of  the  daughters  in  their  efforts. 

'  The  impressiveness  of  the  monument  is  not  so  much 
in  the  height,  which  is  only  2c4  feet,  as  it  is  in  the  mas- 
sive solidity  of  the  structure  and  the  admirably  blended 
proportions  of  the  whole." 

The  statue  is  a  likeness  of  Mr.  Fitzpatrick  of  San  An- 
tonio, who  posed  to  Mr.  Coppini,  the  artist,  for  the 
purpose. 

Captain  O.  C.  Connor,  who  supervised  the  work  of 
building  the  monument  and  the  author  of  the  inscrip- 
tions, served  three  years  in  the  Confederate  army,  in  the 
1 9th  Texas  Infantry. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  373 


PARIS,    TEXAS. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1903. 


374          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

(.South) 

(Crossed  Guns) 

1861 1865. 

IN  MEMORY  OF  THE 
CONFEDERATE  DEAD 

OF 

CHEROKEE  COUNTY. 
CONFEDERATE. 

(North) 

LEST  WE  FORGET. 
(ROLLS    IN    THE    COUNTY    CLERK'S    OFFICE.) 

(West) 
THEIR  OWN  TRUE  HEARTS   AND  DAUNTLESS   ARMS 

HAVE  COVERED  THEM  WITH  GLORY; 
AND  WHILE  A   SOUTHERNER  TREADS  THE   SOIL 

THEY  LIVE  IN   SONG  AND  STORY. 


A  TRIBUTE  FROM  THE  FRANK  TAYLOR 

CHAPTER,   U.    D.    C. 
SOME  BENEATH  THE   SOD   OF   DISTANT  STATES 

THEIR    PATIENT   HEARTS    HAVE    LAID; 
WHERE    WITH    STRANGER'S    HEEDLESS   HASTE 
THEIR  UN  WATCHED   GRAVES  WERE  MADE. 


RUSK,  TEXAS 

The  monument  is  erected  in  the  Court  House  square 
in  the  town  of  Rusk.  The  material  is  Texas  granite, 
except  the  statue  of  the  Confederate  soldier,  which  is  of 
Italian  marble,  and  was  made  in  Italy. 

The  monument,  including  the  statue,  is  19  feet  high. 
the  soldier  being  6  feet  in  height. 

We  have  a  large  leather-bound  book  in  which  the  mus- 
ter rolls  of  each  and  every  company  are  recorded,  giving 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  375 


RUSK,  TEXAS, 

CONFEDERATE   MONUMENT, 
UNVEILED,   OCT.   31,    1907. 


376  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

the  name  and  rank  of  each  officer,  and  the  names  of 
every  member  of  the  company.  This  is  the  roll  referred 
to  in  one  of  the  inscriptions. 

Also  there  are  recorded  the  names  of  all  Confederate 
soldiers  who  have  moved  here  since  the  war,  with  their 
rank,  company,  regiment,  etc. 

This  book,  deposited  in  the  County  Clerk's  office,  is 
for  inspection  of  future  generations  as  well  the  present. 

On  the  pedestal  on  which  the  soldier  stands  are  .carv- 
ings which  represent  the  different  branches  of  the  service : 
for  instance,  the  crossed  muskets  for  the  infantry,  the 
crossed  swords  on  the  east  side  represent  the  cavalry ; 
mounted  cannon  on  the  north  side  for  the  artillery,  and 
an  anchor  on  the  west  side  represents  the  navy. 

The  monument  was  erected  by  the  Ross-Ector  Camp, 
U.  C.  V.,  and  the  Frank  Taylor  Chapter,  U.  D.  C,  aided 
by  voluntary  contributions  of  citizens. 

The  Rusk  memorial  is  a  fine,  well-proportioned  monu- 
ment, as  well  as  a  beautiful  work  of  art. — Mrs.  James  P. 
Gibson. 


OUR  CAUSE  IS  WITH  GOD. 

OUR  CONFEDERATE  DEAD. 

LEST  WE  FORGET. 


SAN  ANTONIO,  TEXAS 

Travis  Park,  where  stands  San  Antonio's  tribute  to 
the  memory  of  the  heroes  of  the  "  Lost  Cause,"  is  really 
a  large  plaza,  and  in  it  is  the  grand  monument  to  the 
Confederate  Dead,  erected  by  the  Daughters  of  the  Con- 
federacy. 

The  park  is  one  block  north  of  Houston  street  and 
is  surrounded  by  various  churches. 


SAN   ANTONIO,   TEXAS. 
CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT. 


378          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

The  materials  for  this  monument  are  Texas  granite 
and  marble,  and  the  work  was  done  by  a  San  Antonio 
sculptor,  Mr.  Frank  Teich.  The  design  was  generously 
donated  by  Miss  Virginia  Montgomery,  a  talented  young 
artist  of  New  Orleans. 

The  entire  conception  is  symbolical.  The  stars  be- 
speak the  resplendent  courage  of  the  Southern  soldiers 
and  the  laurel  wreaths  testify  to  our  undying  memory  of 
their  matchless  valor.  The  furled  flag  and  the  uplifted 
arm  of  the  soldier  represent  our  trust  that  our  cause 
rests  with  God.  The  polished  shaft  rising  from  the 
rough  and  sturdy  granite  base — all  are  emblematical  of 
the  brilliant  achievement,  the  endurance,  the  unchanging 
devotion,  that  characterized  all  ranks  of  Confederate 
soldiers. 

When  little  Laura  Winstead,  the  four-year-old  grand- 
daughter of  Mrs.  Houston,  pulled  the  cord  that  tore  away 
the  veil,  revealing  the  heroic  figure  of  a  private  soldier 
that  surmounts  the  4O-foot  shaft,  a  moment  of  deep 
feeling  hushed  the  vast  crowd,  while  the  band  softly 
played  a  dirge;  then  came  a  wild  burst  of  spontaneous 
cheering,  to  which  the  veterans  added  the  Rebel  yell,  and 
the  band  changed  to  "  Dixie." 

The  monument  was  erected  by  the  Barnard  E.  Bee 
Chapter,  U.  D.  C. 

This  work  was  the  inspiration  of  Mrs.  A.  W.  Houston, 
our  first  president,  who  served  us  faithfully  eight  years. 
— Mrs.  R.  H.  Northrup. 


VIRGINIA 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  381 


He  trod  the  Hall  of  Captains ;  o'er  him  high 
Were  shining  names ;  the  Macedonian  bold, 
Rome's  mightiest,  mightier  he  of  Carthage  old, 

And  later  lights  new  risen  in  War's  wild  sky 

Dazzled  upon  him.     Long  with  wistful  eye 
The  soldier  sought  a  name  nowhere  enrolled 
On  those  bright  walls;  but  after,  in  the  cold 

Capitol  wandering,  came  by  chance  anigh 
A  western  window — there  Potomac  lay 
Rimmed  with  Virginian  hills,  and  in  the  sun 

Far  off  a  pillared  mansion ;  then  the  gray, 

Worn  warrior  straight  uncovered,  and  his  one 
Unwounded  arm  was  lifted  the  old  way 

For  his  lost  Captain — Lee  of  "  Arlington." 

—REV.    W.    H.   WOODS. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


OUR  DAUGHTERS, 

MOTHERS,  (Bas-relief)  AND 

WIVES,  SISTERS. 

AMOR  PATRIAK. 
F 
O 
R 
T 
I 

T 
E 
R 

E 
T 

R 
E 
C 


PRO    PATRIA. 

TO  THE 

CONFEDERATE    SOLDIERS 

OF 
WASHINGTON  COUNTY, 

VIRGINIA. 
ERECTED  MAY  30,   1907. 


ABINGDON,  VA. 

The  Abingdon  monument  stands  on  the  Court  House 
square  at  the  intersection  of  Main  and  Court  streets  on 
the  spot  where  our  boys  were  mustered  in  when  they 
enlisted. 

The  pedestal  is  of  Virginia  granite — the  soldier-figure, 
of  bronze,  8  feet  in  height.  There  are  two  bas-reliefs — 
one  on  north  and  one  on  south  side — figures  of  women. 

The  monument  cost  $4000.  The  sum  of  $3000  was 
contributed  by  the  county,  voted  by  the  supervisors  for 
that  purpose.  The  other  $1000  was  raised  by  private 
subscription  and  by  the  Anna  Stonewall  Jackson  Chap- 
ter, U.  D.  C. — Mrs.  Alexander  Stuart,  President  A.  S.  J. 
Chapter,  U.  D.  C. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  383 


ABINGDON,    VA. 

CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT. 
1907. 


384-  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


C.  S.  A. 

ERECTED  BY 

THE  BOTETOURT  ARTILLERY  MONUMENT   ASSOCIATION 

IN   COMMEMORATION  OF 
THE  DEEDS  AND   SERVICES  OF 
THE  BOTETOURT  ARTILLERY. 

1861-1865. 

THE 
BOTETOURT  ARTILLERY. 

TO 

OUR  LOVING,   SELF-SACRIFICING 
CONFEDERATE   WOMEN. 

BOTETOURT   ARTILLERY. 


BUCHANAN,    VA. 

Virginia  can  proudly  glory  in  two  monuments  to  the 
Botetourt  Artillery ;  one  in  the  company's  home  town. 
Buchanan,  and  the  other  a  tahlet  in  the  Vicksbnrg 
National  Park.  This  company  participated  in  the  Mis- 
sissippi and  Vicksburg  campaign  (the  only  Virginia 
company  that  was  there)  ;  hence  the  tablet  in  the  National 
Park. 

I  will  venture  to  say  that  this  is  the  only  company  in 
the  South  that  has  two  monuments  to  its  honor. 

The  father  of  Mary  Johnston,  the  authoress,  Rich- 
mond, Va.,  was  an  officer  in  the  Botetourt  Artillery  and 
instrumental  in  having  the  monuments  erected.  He  is 
now  dead.  I  also  was  a  member  of  the  battery. — G.  H. 
Flecker,  Lynchburg,  Va. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  385 


BUCHANAN,    VA. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

BOTETOURT  ARTILLERY. 


386          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


VIRGINIA. 

BOTETOURT  ARTILLERY. 
STEVENSON'S  DIVISION  ARMY  OF  VICKSBURG, 

CAPT.   JOHN    W.   JOHNSTON, 
LIEUT.  FRANCIS  G.  OBENCHAIN. 

THE  BATTERY  WAS  CLOSELY  ENGAGED  IN 
THE  BATTLE  OF  PORT  GIBSON,  MAY  IST; 
ITS  CASUALTIES  WERE  SEVERE  BUT  NOT  . 
FULLY  REPORTED:  LIEUTS.  PHILIP  PETERS, 
WILLIAM  P.  DOUTHAT  AND  WILLIAM  H.  NOR- 
GROVE  KILLED:  IT  WAS  ALSO  CLOSELY  EN- 
GAGED AT  CHAMPION'S  HILL,  MAY  16,  CAS- 
UALTIES SEVERE;  THE  FIRST  CAPTAIN  OF 
THE  BATTERY,  MAJOR  JOSEPH  ANDER- 
SON, DIVISION  CHIEF  OF  ARTILLERY,  KILLED, 
THE  BATTERY  WITHOUT  GUNS  FELL  BACK 
WITH  THE  ARMY  TO  VICKSBURG  WHERE 
IT  RECEIVED  TWO  6-POUNDER  GUNS. 
MOST  OF  THE  ENLISTED  MEN  WERE  ARMED 
WITH  ENFIELD  RIFLES  AND  SERVED  IN 
THE  TRENCHES  ON  THE  RIVER  FRONT  LINE 
FROM  MAY  18  TO  THE  END  OF  THE  DE- 
FENSE, JULY  4.  CAPTAIN  JOHN  W.  JOHN- 
STON SERVED  AS  INSPECTOR  GENERAL  OF 
LIGHT  ARTILLERY,  STEVENSON'S  D  I  V  I  S- 
ION,  FROM  JUNE  TO  THE  END  OF  THE 
DEFENSE,  JULY  4,  1863. 

The  photograph  on  the  accompanying  page  represents 
the  tablet  erected  to  the  honor  of  the  Botetourt  Artillery 
at  the  National  Park,  Vicksburg,  Miss. 

This  was  the  only  Virginia  company  that  participated 
in  the  Mississippi  and  Vicksburg  campaign,  and  the  tablet 
is  a  history  of  the  trying  times  through  which  this  com- 
pany passed  that  memorable  summer  of  1863. 

The  tablet  tells  of  the  losses  sustained  and  of  other 
details  of  this  phase  of  the  great  conflict. 

While  this  monument  is  not  in  Virginia,  we  felt  that 
we  must  incorporate  it  in  the  State's  monuments  here, 
because  it  is  to  the  valor  of  the  Old  Dominion's  sons  that 
this  memorial  has  been  erected,  and  what  better  place 
to  depict  it  than  in  conjunction  with  the  monument 
erected  to  the  same  company  in  their  home  town  ? 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


387 


388 


CONFEDERATE 
DEAD. 

1861     -     1865. 

NAMES    OF 

1097 

SOLDIERS 

BURIED 

IN  THE 

UNIVERSITY 

CEMETERY. 

FATE    DENIED    THEM    VICTORY, 

BUT  CROWNED  THEM 
WITH  GLORIOUS   IMMORTALITY. 


CHARLOTTESVILLE,  VA. 

The  monument  is  one  of  remarkable  beauty,  says  the 
Confederate  Veteran,  and  is  another  proof  of  the  great 
talent  of  the  sculptor,  Mr.  Casper  Buberl,  of  New  York 
City.  The  statue,  of  finest  bronze,  stands  8  feet  high, 
and  is  a  perfect  representation  of  the  youthful  Confed- 
erate soldier  as  so  many  remember  him.  The  handsome 
face,  of  pure  Southern  type,  so  eager  and  bright  and  full 
of  manly  courage  and  loyal  purpose;  the  strong,  graceful 
figure,  resolute  grasp  of  musket  and  determined  air 
bring  back  the  past  to  us.  One  who  has  examined  it 
and  is  familiar  with  much  work  of  this  sort  in  Northern 
cities,  says :  "  If  there  is  any  statue  in  the  whole  country 
finer  than  this,  I  have  not  seen  it." 

The  die,  designed  by  the  sculptor,  of  Petersburg  gran- 


CHARLOTTESVILLE,  VA. 

CONFEDERATE   MONUMENT. 

1893- 


390  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

ite,  was  taken  from  historic  ground  where  General  A.  P. 
Hill  fell.  It  rests  on  three  granite  blocks,  and  has  on 
the  four  sides  bronze  panels  containing  in  raised  letters 
the  1097  names  of  those  buried  in  the  University  Ceme- 
tery, many  of  whom  /lied  of  wounds  in  the  University 
hospitals  and  in  Charlottesville. 

The  States  represented,  with  the  number  from  each 
State,  are  as  follows:  Maryland,  4;  Virginia,  192;  North 
Carolina,  200;  South  Carolina,  161 ;  Georgia-,  224; 
Florida,  13;  Alabama,  82;  Mississippi,  69;  Tennessee, 
10;  Louisiana,  84;  Texas,  12;  State  unknown,  29. 

The  State,  name  and  regiment  are  in  raised  letters, 
ending  with  17. blanks  for  the  unknown  dead — names 
unknown  to  us  but  known  to  God. 

The  erection  of  this  monument  is  the  work  of  sixty 
ladies  composing  the  Confederate  Memorial  Association 
of  Charlottesville,  and  the  University  of  Virginia. 


Who  bade  us  go,  with  smiling  tears? 

Who  scorned  the  renegade? 
Who,  silencing  their  trembling  fears, 

Watched,  cheered,  then  wept  and  prayed? 

Who  nursed  our  wounds  with  tender  care, 

And  then,  when  all  was  lost, 
Who  lifted  us  from  our  despair. 

And  counted  not  the  cost  ? 
The  women  of  the  South." 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  391 


LEAVE  US  OUR  DEAD 

Leave  us  our  dead!  for  they  alone  are  ours; 

"They  died  for  us!"     And  so  we  claim  one  day 
To  scatter  on  their  graves  our  woodland  flowers, 

In  memory  of  a  country  passed  away. 
Touch  not  our  closing  wounds  with  salve  of  gold, 

Else  would  they  bleed  afresh,  recalling  youth. 
If  we  are  "rebels"  yet,  our  dead  we  hold 

As  blessed  of  God!     We  cannot  barter  truth. 

You  called  them  "  traitors  " — they  who  calmly  rest 

Beneath  our  cypress  hung  with   mosses  gray, 
As  tired  children  on  their  mother's  breast 

Await  the  dawning  of  the  perfect  day. 
If  they  were  "  traitors  "  so  are  we,  forsooth, 

And   flattery  cannot  soothe  our  fearful   guilt  away. 
If  it  be  treason  to  defend  the  State 

And  hold  the  faith  our  fathers  held  of  old — 
If  this  be  treason,  we  have  borne  the  weight 

Of  Northern   taunts   and  obloquy.     Insult  us  not  with 
gold! 

Restore  the  dead!     Then  can  we  stoop  to  hear 

The  charmer's  voice,   so  subtle  and   so  sweet; 
Bring  back  the  brave,  the  true,  the  ever-dear, 

Who  gave  up  life  in  sacrifice  complete; 
Or  blame  us  not  if  to  our  tear-dimmed  eyes 

Your   stripes    seem   dyed   in    reddest    Southern    blood, 
While    the    fixed    stars    in    marshaled    order    wise 

Shine    on    us    from    the    conquered    banner's    rood — 
As   on   our   heroes'   graves    we   blossoms   lay 

Sweet   as   the   memories   of   long   ago, 
Not    for   the  purpose   of  a   grand   display, 

But  just   because   we   loved   and   prized   them   so ! 

— JUDITH  GRAY 


392 


CHATHAM,    VA. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1899. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  393 

(Front) 
1861  VIRGINIA  1865. 

(STATE    SEAL) 
CONFEDERATE   DEAD. 


IN    MEMORY    OF 
CO.   I,   S3RD  VA.   REGIMENT 

ARMISTEAD'S    BRIGADE 
PICKETT'S  DIVISION:    AND  THEIR 

COMRADES   IN   ARMS 
OF   PITTSYLVANIA   COUNTY. 

(Left) 

"  GO   TELL  THE   LISTENING  WORLDS   AFAR 
OF   THOSE   WHO    DIED    FOR   TRUTH    AND    RIGHT. 

(Rear) 

"  WE   CROWN  THE   HEROES   OF  THE   PAST 
WITH   THE   LAUREL   WREATH   OF   MEMORY." 


CHATHAM,    VA. 

This  monument  to  the  memory  of  the  South's  heroic 
dead  is  placed  on  the  court  green  in  the  center  of  the 
town  of  Chatham.  The  base  and  column  are  of  Vir- 
ginia granite,  but  the  figure  is  of  Italian  marble.  The 
monument  and  figure  total  a  height  of  25  feet,  and  cost 
$1500. 

A  Memorial  Association  of  Company  I  was  formed 
in  1879,  and  the  money  for  this  monument  was  raised 
by  them  and  their  friends.  It  was  not  completed,  how- 
ever, until  1899,  when  it  was  finished  and  unveiled  on 
the  8th  of  June,  with  John  W.  Daniel  of  Confederate 
fame  as  the  orator  of  the  occasion. — Mrs.  James  F.  Hart, 
Secretary  Rawley  Martin  Chapter,  U.  D.  C. 


394 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


FAIRFAX,   VA. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 
1904. 


FAIRFAX,    VA. 

This  memorial  is  a  rough-hewn  shaft  of  Richmond 
granite.  The  day  of  its  unveiling  was  a  day  of  awak- 
ened memories  and  reminiscences,  with  reunions  of  old 
friends  and  comrades  who  had  fought  beneath  the  Stars 
and  Bars — a  day  that  will  be  long  remembered  in  the 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  395 


(Inscription) 

THIS    STONE    MARKS 

THE    SCENE   OF   THE 

OPENING    CONFLICT 

IN   THE    WAR    OF 

1861-1865    WHEN 

JOHN    Q.    MARR 

CAPT.    OF    THE    WARRENTON 

RIFLES,  WHO  WAS  THE 

FIRST   SOLDIER   KILLED 

IN   ACTION,    FELL   800    FT. 

S.  46°  W.   (MAG)   OF  THIS 

SPOT,   JUNE    i,    1862. 

ERECTED  BY  MARR  CAMP   C.   V. 
JUNE    i,    1904. 


hearts  of  all  present ;  the  venerable  Court  House  being 
filled  to  overflowing  with  veterans  and  visitors. 

The  monument  may  perhaps  be  lacking  in  the  grandeur 
and  spectacular  that  have  so  much  a  part  in  present-day 
tendencies  in  this  field  of  the  sculptor's  art,  but  we  feel 
that  its  very  ruggedness  and  simplicity  constitute  virtues 
of  themselves — virtues  that  were  exemplified  in  the  deeds 
of  the  sons  of  the  South.  This  shaft  marks  where  fell 
such  a  one — and  the  first  soldier  killed  in  conflict  in 
that  awful  strife  that  cost  the  South  so  much  in  men 
and  suffering.  It  was  a  needless  strife,  a  heartless  strife, 
and  a  strife  based  on  injustice  and  harbored  by  venal 
statesmen.  Yet  it  seemed  that  in  the  web  of  Fate  such 
travail  was  allotted  us — and  God  knows  we  got  it.  But 
we  rose  superior  to  it,  and  to-day  the  South  again  blos- 
soms like  a  rose. 


396 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


FARMVILLE,    VA. 


i86i-VIRGINIA-i86s. 
(Coat-of-Arms    of    Virginia) 

CONFEDERATE 
HEROES. 


The  Farmville  monu- 
ment stands  on  a  grace- 
ful eminence  of  the  town, 
in  the  immediate  pres- 
ence of  homes,  schools, 
and  churches,  silently 
but  eloquently  saying  to 
the  listening  world  that 
the  boys  who  "  wore  the 
gray "  were  soldiers 
worthy  of  any  age  and 
of  any  cause  in  the  de- 
fense of  which  men  have 
been  willing  to  dare  and 
die. 

It  rises  37  feet  in  the  air,  and  there  stands  upon  it  a 
bronze  figure  7  feet  high  representing  the  typical  Con- 
federate soldier,  gun  in  hand,  ready  for  action.  The 
granite  foundations  strikingly  tell  of  the  strength  of  his 
loyalty  to  the  flag  he  followed  and  his  devotion  to  duty. 


FARMVILLE,   VA. 

CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT. 

1900. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  397 


FRONT    ROYAL,   VA.      . 

Six  of  the  men  in  whose  honor  this  monument  was 
built  were  hanged  or  shot,  put  to  death  in  some  way — 
one  account  says  they  were  dragged  to  death  with  ropes 
—in  the  streets  of  Front  Royal  by  some  one  of  Sheri- 
dan's subordinate  officers;  the  seventh,  Albert  C.  Willis, 
was  hanged  in  Rappahannock  County,  Va.,  by  Colonel 
Powell,  United  States  Army. 

The  monument  is  25  feet  high.  It  stands  in  the 
Confederate  Cemetery. 


The  following  letter  from  Colonel  John  S.  Mosby  in 
relation  to  the  tragic  affair  and  its  sequel,  the  hanging 
of  seven  of  the  enemy  in  retaliation  is  quoted  from  the 
Richmond  Times: 

"  At  the  time  this  affair  occurred  I  was  away  from 
my  command,  wounded.  Sheridan,  with  an  overwhelm- 
ing force,  was  pushing  Early  up  the  Shenandoah  Val- 
ley. He  had  sent  Torbert  with  two  divisions  of  cavalry 
to  cut  off  his  retreat  at  New  Market.  Wickham,  in 
command  of  Fitzhugh  Lee's  cavalry  division,  had  re- 
pulsed them  at  Milford,  and  Torbert  was  retreating 
down  the  valley.  Captain  Sam  Chapman,  with  a  de- 
tachment of  fifty  or  sixty  men  went  to  the  valley  to 
strike  a  blow  that  would  impede  Sheridan's  march,  by 
breaking  his  line  of  communication.  ...  At  Front 
Royal  Chapman  saw  an  ambulance  train  under  an  escort 
of  cavalry  coming  down  the  pike.  As  he  had  not  heard 
of  Torbert's  defeat  and  that  he  was  retreating  down 
the  valley,  and  not  dreaming  that  a  corps  of  cavalry  was 
in  supporting  distance  immediately  behind  it,  he  attacked 
the  escort  and  drove  it  back  on  the  main  body.  Hav- 
ing leaped  into  the  midst  of  overwhelming  numbers,  he 
had  to  call  off  his  men  and  abandon  what  he  had  won. 
A  body  of  cavalry  was  sent  around  to  intercept  his  re- 
treat, and  formed  across  his  path.  Merritt's  whole 


398 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


(Front) 
ERECTED 

1899 

BY  THE    SURVIVORS   OF 
MOSBY'S  COMMAND 

IN    MEMORY    OF 
SEVEN   COMRADES 

EXECUTED. 
WHILE    PRISONERS   OF   WAR 

NEAR    THIS    SPOT 
SEPTEMBER  23RD,    1864. 

MOSBY'S  MEN. 

(Right) 

(STARS   AND   BARS) 

'    DUI.CE  ET  DECORUM   EST 
PRO   PATRIA   MORI. 

TN   EVERLASTING   HONOR  OF 
THOMAS  E.   ANDERSON, 

DAVID  L.  JONES, 
WILLIAM   THOMAS   OVERBY, 

CARTER, 

LUCIEN  LOVE, 

HENRY   C.   RHODES, 

ALBERT  C.  WILLIS, 

FORTY-THIRD  BATTALION, 

VIRGINIA  CAVALRY, 

MOSBY'S  COMMAND, 

C.   S.  A. 


FRONT    ROYAL,   VA. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1899. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  399 

division  was  in  pursuit.  'When  Chapman's  men  came 
upon  the  cavalry  in  the  road  that  barred  their  way 
they  opened  upon  them  with  their  six-shooters  and 
cleared  away  the  obstruction.  There  was  no  time  to 
parley  or  to  take  prisoners.  The  momentum  of  Chap- 
man's charge  swept  away  all  before  it.  The  enemy  had 
attempted  to  cut  off  Chapman,  and  had  got  cut  oft;  but 
six  of  Chapman's  men  were  captured." 

Colonel  Mosby  then  quotes  from  official  reports,  etc., 
which  show  that  neither  Merritt,  Torbert,  nor  Custer 
mentioned  the  hanging.  He  continues : 

"It  was  their  duty  to  report  the  fact,  and,  if  justifi- 
able, to  report  the  circumstances  that  justified  it;  but 
none  of  them  was  willing  to  assume  the  responsibility 
and  odium  or  to  go  on  record  about  the  hanging.  No 
matter  whether  they  were  active  or  merely  passive  in 
the  business,  their  silence  gives  it  a  dark  complexion. 
A  few  days  later  I  returned  to  my  command.  Many 
prisoners  had  been  captured,  but  the  men  had  taken  no 
revenge;  they  were  waiting  for  me.  I  determined  to 
demand  and  enforce  every  belligerent  right  to  which  the 
soldiers  of  a  great  military  power  were  entitled  by  the 
laws  of  war,  but  I  resolved  to  do  it  in  a  humane  manner 
and  in  a  calm  and  judicial  spirit.  I  felt  in  doing  it  all 
the  pangs  of  the  weeping  jailer  when  he  handed  the  cup 
of  hemlock  to  the  great  Athenian  martyr.  It  was  not  an 
act  of  revenge,  but  a  sentence — not  only  to  save  the  lives 
of  my  own  men,  but  the  lives  of  the  enemy.  It  had  that 
effect.  I  regret  the  fate  that  thrust  such  a  duty  upon 
me,  but  I  do  not  regret  that  I  faced  and  performed  it." 

Then  follows  correspondence  which  relates  to  the 
hanging  of  seven  of  the  enemy  in  retaliation.  The  whole 
affair  is  most  tragic,  and  the  erection  of  the  monument 
commemorates  an  event  of  deep  interest  and  of  historic 
importance. 


400  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

HARRISONBURG,    VA. 

TURNER    ASHBY    MONUMENT 

This  monument  to  the  memory  of  General  Turner 
Ashby  stands  about  two  miles  southeast  of  Harrisonburg, 
on  a  commanding  hill  upon  which  General  Ashby 's  troops 
were  drawn  up  in  line  of  battle,  and  bears  the  following 
inscription : 

GEN.    TURNER   ASHBY 

C.         S.         A. 
WAS   KILLED   ON 

THIS    SPOT 

JUNE   6,    1862, 

GALLANTLY  LEADING 

A  CHARGE. 

It  is  of  Tennessee  marble  and  was  erected  by  the  S.  B. 
Gibbons  Camp,  U.  C.  V.,  and  the  Turner  Ashby  Chap- 
ter, U.  D.  C.,  both  of  Harrisonburg. — O.  B.  Brock. 

John  Esten  Cooke,  in  "  Surry  of  Eagle's  Nest,"  writes 
thus  of  Turner  Ashby: 

"  With  Ashby  seemed  to  pass  away  all  the  splendor, 
the  glory,  the  romance  of  the  war. 

"  Dead — he  who  had  passed  unscathed  through  so 
many  bloody  encounters — who  had  seemed  to  possess  a 
charmed  life  which  no  enemy's  ball  or  blade  could  touch  ? 
Ashby,  the  hero  of  such  romantic  adventures,  splendid 
achievements,  and  heroic  exploits ;  dead,  like  a  common, 
every-day  mortal,  and  never  more  to  lead  his  men,  with 
flashing  saber,  in  the  charge?  The  idea  seemed  mon- 
strous— incredible.  .  .  . 

"  I  cannot  draw  the  great  outline  of  this  splendid  chev- 
alier in  my  hasty  memoirs;  some  abler  hand  will  trace 
it — some  more  eloquent  voice  speak  of  his  virtues.  For 
me,  I  loved  him  and  ever  will  love  him,  as  the  perfect 
flower  of  chivalry.  When  he  disappeared,  the  bloom 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  401 

seemed  to  pass  away  from  the  summer  flowers,  the  azure 
from  the  calm  June  sky." 


IIARRISONBURG.    VA. 

MONUMENT  TO  TURNER  ASHBY. 

.1897- 

On  the  spot  where  General  Turner  Ashby  received  his 
death  wound  this  monument  has  been  erected  in  loving 
memory  of  him  by  the  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy 
of  Harrisonburg,  Va.  The  spot  is  about  two  miles  south- 
east of  Harrisonburg,  and  the  place  is  high.  To  the  east 
stretch  the  Massanutta  Mountains,  while  far  to  the  west 
the  Alleghanies  can  be  seen.  Such  was  the  crowd  on 
the  day  of  the  unveiling  that  when  the  first  carriage 
was  halted  in  front  of  the  monument  others  were  still 
leaving  the  town.  I  copy  a  sketch  of  the  last  charge 
of  Ashby  from  Mr.  Davis's  "  Rise  and  Fall  of  the  Con- 
federate Government  "  :  "  Leaving  Strasbourg  on  the  eve- 
ning of  June  i,  1862,  Jackson  continued  to  march  up 
the  Shenandoah  Valley.  Fremont  followed  in  pursuit, 
while  Shields  moved  up  the  Valley  via  Luray,  Va.,  in 
order  to  reach  New  Market  in  front  of  Jackson.  On 
the  morning  of  June  5  Jackson  reached  Harrisonburg, 


402  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

and  went  beyond  the  town  toward  Port  Republic.  Gen- 
eral Ashby  had  destroyed  all  the  bridges  between  Front 
Royal  and  Port  Republic  to  prevent  Shields  from  cross- 
ing the  Shenandoah  to  join  Fremont.  Early  on  June 
6  Fremont's  reinforced  cavalry  attacked  our  rear  guard 
under  General  Ashby.  After  a  sharp  conflict  the  enemy 
was  repulsed,  and  Col.  Percy  Wyndham,  commanding 
a  brigade,  was  captured,  also  sixty-three  others.  Gen- 
eral Ashby,  who  was  stationed  between  Port  Republic 
and  Harrisonburg  after  the  combat,  saw  indications  of 
more  serious  trouble.  He  sent  a  message  to  Ewell  in- 
forming him  that  cavalry,  supported  by  infantry,  was  ad- 
vancing upon  his  position.  The  Fifty-eighth  Virginia 
and  First  Maryland  Regiments  were  sent  to  support  him. 
Ashby  led  the  Fifty-eighth  Virginia  to  attack  the  enemy, 
who  were  under  cover  of  a  fence.  Here  fell  the  fear- 
less cavalier,  General  Turner  Ashby,  of  whom  General 
Jackson  in  his  report,  thus  forcibly  speaks :  'As  a 
partisan  officer  I  never  knew  his  superior.  His  daring 
was  proverbial,  his  powers  of  endurance  almost  incred- 
ible, his  tone  of  character  heroic,  and  his  sagacity  almost 
intuitive  in  divining  the  purpose  and  movements  of  the 
enemy.'  ' 

Mr.  Charles  Brock,  now  living  at  Lacey  Spring,  Va., 
and  a  cousin  of  my  mother,  was  at  General  Ashby's  side 
when  he  fell,  and  helped  to  carry  him  off  the  field. 


CONFEDERATE  VETERAN    MONUMENT 

This  monument  is  a  handsome  marble  shaft  rising  to 
the  height  of  20  feet  in  the  center  of  the  Confederate 
section  of 'Woodbine  Cemetery  at  Harrisonburg.  For 
many  years  the  women  of  the  Memorial  Association,  or- 
ganized in  1868,  labored  early  and  late  to  raise  funds  to 
erect  this  memorial  to  the  Confederate  soldiers  who  laid 
down  their  lives  in  the  different  Valley  campaigns. 
Mainly  through  the  efforts  of  Mrs.  Strayer,  the  presi- 
dent, the  ambition  of  the  Association  was  realized,  and 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  403 

in  1876  the  monument  was  dedicated  on  Memorial  Day, 
June  6,  of  that  year. 

Near  this  monument  are  buried  245  Confederate  sol- 
diers.— Elisabeth  Randolph  Harris,  President  Turner 
Ashby  Chapter,  U.  D.  C. 

On  Friday,  June  19,  1868,  the  ladies  of  Rockingham 
County  met  in  Harrisonburg  and  formed  an  association 
for  care  and  preservation  of  the  graves  of  Confederate 
soldiers  buried  in  Rockingham  County.  Mr.  Samuel 
Shacklett  of  Harrisonburg  gave  an  acre  of  ground  for  a 
cemetery,  and  the  Association  went  to  work.  The  bodies 
of  soldiers  already  resting  in  the  local  cemetery  were 
removed  to  the  Confederate  section,  and  also  many 
others  were  brought  from  adjacent  battlefields  or  small 
towns  throughout  the  county,  making  a  total  of  245  gal- 
lant Confederates  who  now  sleep  in  Woodbine  Ceme- 
tery, "  a  rare  garden  of  heroes." 

The  graves  are  now  marked  by  white  marble  head- 
stones. 

At  a  later  date  the  Confederate  section  was  further 
beautified  by  the  addition  of  handsome  iron  gates  with 
large  granite  posts.  These  gates  bear  a  brass  tablet 
with  this  inscription : 

TO   THE   MEMORY  OF 
MRS.    JULIET    LYLE    STRAYER, 

FOUNDER 

AND    FOR   MANY   YEARS   PRESIDENT 
OF   THE 

LADIES'"  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION. 

One  among  these  graves  deserves  especial  mention; 
it  is  that  of  Joseph  Latimer,  who  was  known  as  the 
"  Boy  Major,"  of  Ewell's  Artillery  Corps. 

He  was  wounded  at  Gettysburg,  and  died  in  Harrison- 
burg from  the  effects  of  his  injury,  while  en  route  to 
Richmond.  He  was  but  nineteen  years  of  age. 

We  are  indebted  to  Miss  Mary  Lynn  Conrad  of  Har- 
risonburg for  aid  in  securing  picture,  inscriptions  and 
data  of  the  monument  and  cemetery. 


404 


HARRISONBURG,    VA. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1876. 


405 


(West) 
1876. 

IN   MEMORY  OF   MEN 
WHO   WITH  THEIR   LIVES 

VINDICATED 
THE   PRINCIPLES  OF 

1776. 

(North) 
THIS 

MONUMENT   IS   ERECTED    BY   THE 

LADIES'  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION 

IN  GRATEFUL   REMEMBRANCE  OF  THE 

GALLANT  CONFEDERATE  SOLDIERS 

WHO   LIE   HERE. 
THEY    DIED    DEFENDING    THE    RIGHTS 

OF   THE   SOUTH 

IN    THE    WAR    BETWEEN    THE    STATES 
FROM    1861    TO    1865. 

(East) 
THE 

SOUTHERN  SOLDIER 

DIED   FOR   HIS   COUNTRY: 

SUCCESS  IS  NOT  PATRIOTISM, 

DEFEAT  IS  NOT  REBELLION. 

(Son  tli) 
BATTLES 

OF  THE  VALLEY  OF  THE  SHENANDOAH: 

MCDOWELL, 
PIEDMONT,  CROSS  KEYS, 

PORT  REPUBLIC, 
NEW  MARKET,  CEDAR  CREEK, 

KERNSTOWN, 

HARRISONBURG,  WINCHESTER, 
HARI'ER'S  FERRY. 


406 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


LEESBURG,  VA. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1908. 


LEESBURG,  VA. 

This  monument,  consisting  of  a  fine  bronze  statue  of 
a  Confederate  soldier  surmounting  a  massive  granite 
base,  stands  on  the  court  house  lawn  at  Leesburg,  Lou- 
doun  County. 

It  was  erected  by  the  Loudoun  Chapter,  U.  D.  C.,  in 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  407 

memory  of  the  soldiers  who  went  from  the  county  to 
defend  their  homes  in  the  days  of  "  The  War  on  the 
South."  It  was  unveiled  in  the  presence  of  a  multitude 
of  people,  May  28,  1908,  with  addresses  from  Colonel 
Berkeley,  Senator  Daniel  and  Governor  Swanson.  A 
poem  was  read  by  Harry  T.  Harrison,  a  son  of  one  of 
Lotidoun's  soldiers. 


A  STATUE 
H'.  T.  HARRISON 

A  statue,  proof  of  thy  maker's  art,  bronze  cast ; 

In  days  to  come  a  monument  to  ages  that  have  passed ; 

To-day  to  us  who  gather  here 

You  are  that  some  one  our  hearts  hold  dear. 

Thy  father,  brother,  husband,  lover 

At  peace  with  God  beneath  the  sod, 

Who  heard  the  call,  who  walked  the  way, 

That  soldier  of  right  who  wore  the  gray. 

A  statue  mutely  telling  the  sad  story 

Of  a  nation  that  died  'midst  a  halo  of  glory; 

Of  shattered  hopes,  ambitions  dead, 

Of  noble  blood  that  was  freely  shed ; 

Of  the  bugle's  call  for  more  to  fall ; 

Of  those  who  went,  none  being  sent; 

Of  where  the  fiercest  waxed   the  fray 

Was  found  the  soldier  who  wore  the  gray. 

A  statue  linking  the  heavens  with  the  earth, 

The  form  of  that  hero  to  whom  our  nation  gave  birth. 

Who  followed  on  where  honor  led, 

Till  he  rested  with  our  holy  dead ; 

And  when  at  the  last  the  trumpet's  blast 

Sends  forth  that  call  that  comes  to  all, 

As  an  honor  guard  on  that  last  day 

We'll  find  the  soldier  who  wore  the  gray. 


408  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


LEXINGTON,  VA. 

The  recumbent  figure  of  General  R.  E.  Lee  in  the 
Chapel  of  Washington  and  Lee  University,  Lexington, 
Va.,  is  one  of  the  most  noted  works  of  art  in  this  coun- 
try. 

ROBERT  EDWARD  LEE. 

BORN 
JANUARY     19,     1807, 

DIED 
OCTOBER    12,    1870. 


A  mausoleum  was  built  by  the  Lee  Memorial  Asso- 
ciation in  the  rear  of  and  opening  into,  the  chapel  of  the 
University,  for  the  reception  of  this  masterpiece  of  the 
sculptor's  chisel.  The  chamber  where  the  marble  figure 
is  seen  is  well  lighted  from  above  and  the  beautiful  cre- 
ation of  the  genius  of  Valentine,  the  figure  of  the 
"  Knightliest  man,"  is  visible  from  nearly  all  parts  of 
the  chapel. 

The  body  of  General  Lee  reposes  in  the  crypt  be- 
neath, a  room  31  by  36  feet,  in  which  there  are  recepta- 
cles for  twenty-eight  bodies.  Three  of  these  contain 
the  ashes  of  General  Lee,  Mrs.  Mary  Custis  Lee,  and 
Miss  Agnes  Lee.  The  University  holds  the  mausoleum 
in  perpetual  trust  and  is  its  caretaker. 


"  An  air  of  massive  grandeur  and  sublimity  of  Doric 
simplicity  and  severity  pervades  the  entire  work,  which 
well  accords  with  the  simple  and  serene  grandeur  of 
Lee's  character.  The  impression  made  upon  the  mind 
is  one  of  pleasant  surprise  at  beholding,  as  it  were,  the 
reclining  warrior,  not  dead,  but  sleeping,  peacefully 
dreaming,  with  a  smile  upon  his  lips;  and  so  perfect  is 
the  illusion  that  one  imagines  he  can  see  the  figure  move 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


409 


w 

B  50 


410  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

and  breathe.  It  is  as  he  was  in  life.  There  is  nothing 
of  the  repulsive  or  awful  presence  of  death  about  the 
face,  the  form,  or  the  position.  The  triumph  of  the 
artist  is  complete  and  his  fame  secured.  His  work  will 
be  admired  while  the  memory  of  Lee  is  revered,  and  his 
name  will  go  down  to  latest  posterity  with  the  calm, 
Christian  soldier  whose  history  he  has  so  well  stamped 
upon  the  beautiful  marble — imperishable,  as  it  is  well 
protected  in  the  splendid  chapel.  That  picture  of  peace 
represents  exquisitely  the  genius  of  the  artist  and  the 
greatness  of  the  soldier.  It  is  a  work  of  which  the 
South  may  well  be  proud.  '  Like  another  Adam  fresh 
from  the  Creator's  hand,  Robert  E.  Lee  lies  with  the 
drapery  of  his  couch  about  him.'  He  seems,  indeed,  to 
be  only  waiting  for  the  breath  of  life  to  be  restored, 
that  he  may  again  stand  erect  in  his  greatness  and  maj- 
esty."— Confederate  Veteran. 


GENERAL  R.  E.  LEE 

In  "  The  End  of  an  Era "  John  S.  Wise  writes  of 
General  Lee : 

It  is  impossible  to  speak  of  General  Lee  without  seem- 
ing to  deal  in  hyperbole.  Above  the  ordinary  size,  his 
proportions  were  perfect.  His  features  are  too  well 
known  to  need  description,  but  no  representation  of 
General  Lee  which  I  have  ever  seen  properly  conveys  the 
light  and  softness  of  his  eye,  the  tenderness  and  intel- 
lectuality of  his  mouth,  or  the  indescribable  refinement 
of  his  face.  I  have  seen  all  the  great  men  of  our  times, 
except  Mr.  Lincoln,  and  have  no  hesitation  in  saying 
that  Robert  E.  Lee  was  incomparably  the  greatest-look- 
ing man  I  ever  saw.  Every  man  in  his  army  believed 
that  he  was  the  greatest  man  alive.  Their  faith  in  him 
alone  kept  that  army  together  during  the  last  six  months 
of  its  existence.  Whatever  greatness  was  accorded  to 
him  was  not  of  his  own  seeking.  He  was  less  of  an 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  411 

actor  than  any  man  I  ever  saw.  But  the  impression 
made  by  his  presence  and  by  his  leadership  upon  all 
who  came  in  contact  with  him  can  be  described  by  no 
other  term  than  that  of  grandeur.  When  I  have  stood 
at  evening  and  watched  the  great  clouds  banked  in  the 
west,  and  tinged  by  evening  sunlight ;  when  on  the  West- 
ern plains  I  have  looked  at  the  peaks  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains outlined  against  the  sky ;  when,  in  midocean,  I 
have  seen  the  limitless  waters  encircling  us,  unbounded 
save  by  the  infinite  horizon — the  grandeur,  the  vastness 
of  these  have  invariably  suggested  thoughts  of  General 
Robert  E.  Lee.  .  .  .  When  he  said  that  the  career  of 
the  Confederacy  was  ended ;  that  the  hope  of  an  inde- 
pendent government  must  be  abandoned ;  that  all  had 
been  done  which  mortals  could  accomplish  against  the 
power  of  overwhelming  numbers  and  resources ;  and  that 
the  duty  of  the  future  was  to  abandon  the  dream  of  a 
Confederacy  and  to  render  a  new  and  cheerful  allegiance 
to  a  reunited  government — his  utterances  were  accepted 
as  true  as  Holy  Writ.  No  other  human  being  upon 
earth,  no  other  earthly  power,  could  have  compelled 
such  prompt  acceptance  of  that  final  and  irreversible 
judgment. 

Of  General  Lee's  military  greatness,  absolute  or  rela- 
tive, I  shall  not  speak ;  of  his  moral  greatness  I  need 
not.  .  .  .  The  man  who  could  so  stamp  his  impress 
upon  his  nation,  rendering  all  others  insignificant  beside 
him,  and  yet  die  without  an  enemy ;  the  soldier  who  could 
make  love  for  his  person  a  substitute  for  pay  and  clothing 
and  food,  and  could  by  the  constraint  of  that  love  hold 
together  a  naked,  starving  band,  and  transform  it  into 
a  fighting  army;  the  heart  which,  after  the  failure  of 
its  endeavor,  could  break  in  silence  and  die  without  the 
utterance  of  one  word  of  bitterness — such  a  man,  such  a 
soldier,  such  a  heart  must  have  been  great  indeed,  great 
beyond  the  power  of  eulogy. 


412          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


STONEWALL    JACKSON 

General  Jackson  had  desired  in  his  last  moments  to 
be  buried  in  the  cemetery  of  the  Presbyterian  church 
in  Lexington,  of  which,  he  was  an  officer,  and  to  which 
he  was  ardently  attached.  His  body  reposes  in  a  vault 
beneath  the  monument  in  which  there  are  six  chambers. 

The  statue  is  of  bronze  and  is  heroic  in  size.  The 
figure  is  8  feet  high  and  stands  upon  a  bronze  plinth  8 
inches  thick.  The  pedestal  is  ten  and  a  half  feet,  making 
the  entire  height  19  feet  2  inches. 

The  pedestal,  chaste  and  simple  in  style,  was  con- 
structed of  Virginia  granite-  and  weighs  fifteen  tons. 
The  base  consists  of  four  square  graded  slabs.  Upon 
these  rests  a  plain  square  column,  which  is  surmounted 
by  a  cornice.  The  inscriptions  are  equally  simple : 

(Front) 
JACKSON 

1824 — 1863. 

% 

(Rear) 
STONEWALL. 

The  figure  faces  southwest,  in  the  direction  of  the 
line  of  the  valley. 

The  pose  of  the  statue  is  admirable.  It  stands  erect, 
with  the  head  bare  and  just  sufficiently  thrown  back  to 
represent  a  person  watching  a  distant  object.  The 
weight  of  the  body  is  thrown  in  an  easy  and  natural  man- 
ner upon  the  left  leg  and  is  supported  by  the  left  hand 
resting  upon  the  hilt  of  a  sheathed  sword  a  little  in  the 
rear  of  the  left  side.  The  right  leg  is  slightly  bent  and 
that  foot  is  a  little  advanced.  In  the  right  hand  is  a 
field-glass,  carelessly  resting  on  the  right  thigh  as  if  just 
dropped  into  that  position  from  being  used  a  moment 
before.  The  dress  is  a  plain  Confederate  officer's  uni- 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


LEXINGTON,  VA. 

STONEWALL   JACKSON    MONUMENT. 
1891. 


414  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

form  with  a  major-general's  insignia  of  rank  on  the 
collar.  The  feet  are  encased  in  cavalry  boots  reaching 
above  the  knee.  The  sword  is  buckled  on  and  the  plate 
of  the  sword  belt  has  on  it  the  Virginia  coat-of-arms. 
The  hilt  bears  the  letters  U.  S.  The  sword  is  modeled 
after  one  like  that  worn  by  General  Jackson  during  the 
war,  which  was  that  of  a  United  States  artillery  officer. 

The  conception  of  the  whole  figure  is  lifelike  and 
natural.  The  likeness  is  first-rate  and  the  impression  it 
gives  is  exceedingly  pleasant.  The  commanding  pos- 
ture and  the  keen  and  steady  gaze  impress  the  beholder 
with  the  idea  that  Jackson  is  watching  a  charge,  and  his 
pleased  look  indicates  that  things  are  progressing  satis- 
factorily. The  statue  is  a  work  worthy  of  the  subject 
and  of  the  artist. 

The  sculptor  is  Edward  V.  Valentine,  who  executed 
the  recumbent  figure  of  Lee,  also  in  Lexington,  which  is 
regarded  as  the  finest  piece  of  work  of  its  kind  on  the 
continent.  A  cultivated  Englishman  who  visited  this 
country  a  few  years  ago  declared  that  there  was  no 
recumbent  figure  in  England  that  excelled  it. 

This  beautiful  cemetery  is  a  fitting  place  for  the 
grave  of  Jackson.  It  is  among  his  friends  and  those 
dearest  to  him  in  life.  Around  him  in  death's  quiet 
bivouac  sleep  many  of  his  bravest  and  most  trusted 
soldiers. 

The  monument  was  unveiled  on  the  2ist  of  July,  1891, 
just  thirty  years  from  the  day  the  first  battle  of  Manas- 
sas  was  fought.  The  day  was  ushered  in  by  a  salute 
of  fifteen  guns.  Soon  trains  began  to  arrive  bringing 
a  throng  of  people  estimated  at  fifteen  thousand.  From 
the  surrounding  counties  the  multitudes  came  in  such 
numbers  that  the  crowd  in  attendance  was  variously  esti- 
mated at  from  twenty  to  thirty  thousand  people. 

At  the  speaker's  stand  General  Wade  Hampton  pre- 
sided and  General  Jubal  A.  Early  delivered  the  oration. 

Dr.  Hunter  McGuire,  Jackson's  corps  surgeon,  in  an 
address  delivered  in  Richmond  in  1897,  made  this  state- 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  415 

merit :  "  Therefore  it  is  with  swelling  heart  and  deep 
thankfulness  that  I  recently  heard  some  of  the  first  sol- 
diers and  military  students  of  England  declare  that 
within  the  past  two  hundred  years  the  English-speaking 
race  had  produced  but  five  soldiers  of  the  first  rank — 
Marlborough,  Washington,  Wellington,  Robert  Lee,  and 
Stonewall  Jackson.  I  heard  them  declare  that  Jack- 
son's campaign  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  in  which  you, 
and  you,  and  myself  in  my  subordinate  place,  followed 
this  immortal,  \vas  the  finest  specimen  of  strategy  and 
tactics  of  which  the  world  has  any  record;  that  in  this 
series  of  marches  and  battles  there  was  never  a  blunder 
committed  by  Jackson ;  that  his  campaign  in  the  Valley 
was  superior  to  either  of  those  made  by  Napoleon  in 
Italy.  One  British  officer,  who  teaches  strategy  in  a 
great  European  college,  told  me  that  he  used  this  cam- 
paign as  a  model  of  strategy  and  tactics,  and  dwelt 
upon  it  for  several  months  in  his  lectures;  that  it  was 
taught  for  months  in  each  session  in  the  schools  of 
Germany,  and  that  Von  Moltke,  the  greatest  strategist, 
declared  it  was  without  a  rival  in  the  world's  history. 
This  same  British  officer  told  me  that  he  had  ridden  on 
horseback  over  the  battlefields  of  the  Valley,  and  care- 
fully studied  the  strategy  and  tactics  there  displayed  by 
Jackson ;  that  he  had  followed  him  to  Richmond,  where 
he  joined  with  Lee  in  the  campaign  against  McClellan 
in  1862;  that  he  had  followed  him  in  his  detour  around 
Pope,  and  in  his  management  of  his  troops  at  Manassas ; 
that  he  had  studied  his  environment  of  Harper's  Ferry 
and  its  capture,  his  part  in  the  fight  at  Sharpsburg  and 
his  flank  movement  around  Hooker — and  that  he  had 
never  blundered.  Indeed,  he  added,  '  Jackson  seemed 
to  be  inspired.'  Another  British  officer  told  me  that 
'  for  its  numbers  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  had 
more  force  and  power  than  any  army  that  ever  existed.'  ' 
It  is  cruel  to  discriminate,  but  this  tribute  from  such  a 
source  is  too  rich  to  be  lost.  It  should  go  into  history 
as  the  priceless  heritage  of  our  people. 


4-16          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


LEXINGTON,  VA. 

The  touching  figure,  "Virginia  Mourning  Her  Dead," 
a  monument  to  the  memory  of  the  cadets  of  the  Virginia 
Military  Institute  who  fell  at  New  Market,  was  designed 
and  executed  by  Sir  Moses  Ezekiel,  himself  a  New  Mar- 
ket cadet.  It  stands  on  a  granite  pedestal,  on  the  sides 
of  which  are  bronze  tablets  bearing  the  names  of  all  ca- 
dets who  were  in  the  battle.  The  monument  was  un- 
veiled on  the  parade  ground  on  June  23,  1903,  and  cost 
$7000.  Behind  it  is  the  arched  entrance  to  the  Memorial 
Hall,  erected  to  Stonewall  Jackson  by  the  V.  M.  I. 
Alumni. 

"  Sleeping,  but  glorious, 

Dead  in  Fame's  portal, 
Dead,  but  victorious, 

Dead,  but  immortal! 
They  gave  us  great  glory ; 

What  more  could  they  give? 
They  left    us  a  story, 

A  story  to  live !  " 


The  following  extract  from  a  letter  (to  an  old  cadet 
of  the  Virginia  Military  Institute)  from  an  officer  of  the 
Federal  forces  who  witnessed  the  charge  of  the  cadets  at 
New  Market,  gives  peculiar  intrinsic  value  to  the  story 
of  the  youthful  bravery  that  will  live  in  history  as  long  as 
the  proud  banner  of  Virginia  floats  over  the  Old  Do- 
minion : 

History  abounds  in  records  of  attacks  and  defences 
which  stir  the  blood  and  command  the  admiration  of  al! 
who  can  appreciate  manhood,  and  chivalry,  and  heroism ; 
but  these  tales  are  expected  to  be  written  of  veterans, 
seasoned  to  battle  in  many  campaigns.  But  when  one 
stops  to  think  that  this  charge  was  made  by  a  battalion 
of  young  lads;  boys,  who  there  earned  their  spurs  of 
knighthood  before  their  lips  were  tinted  with  the  down 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  417 

of  a  coming  beard,  the  action  looms  up  more  grandly, 
and  gives  promise  of  future  great  achievements  of  men, 
who,  as  boys,  could  do  so  well.  As  a  military  spectacle 
it  was  most  beautiful,  and  as  a  deed  of  war  it  was  most 
grand. 

It  is  a  trite  old  saying,  "  Blood  will  tell,"  but  it  is  a 
true  one.  These  young  lads  represented  the  best  families, 
and  carried  in  their  veins  the  best  blood  of  the  South,  and 
while  every  one  of  them  could  be  faithful  to  the  obliga- 
tions of  honor,  even  unto  death,  not  one  could  falter  in 
his  duty.  When  such  young  men  fall  in  a  cause  which 
they  believe  in,  whether  it  is  intrinsically  right  or  wrong, 
one  may  realize  the  sadness  of  cutting  off  a  life  so  full  of 
promise,  yet  all — 'those  who  approved  and  those  who  op- 
posed the  cause  they  died  for — will  accord  to  them  the 
tribute  of  sincere  respect  and  admiration.  The  man  who 
dares  to  die  for  his  convictions  will  always  be  honored, 
and  these  young  men  placed  their  motive  above  criticism 
by  their  heroic  belief  in  it. 

It  would  seem  to  be  most  fitting  that  upon  each  anni- 
versary of  that  action  the  Virginia  Military  Institute 
should  tell  to  its  young  men  the  story  of  the  heroism  of 
their  predecessors.  Such  deeds  are  an  inspiration  and 
incentive  to  great  actions,  and  successive  classes  might 
well  be  pointed  to  such  an  example. 

I  don't  believe  the  history  of  war  contains  the  record 
of  a  deed  more  chivalrous,  more  daring,  or  more  honor- 
able, than  the  charge  of  these  boys  to  a  victory  which 
veterans  might  well  boast. — FRANKLIN  E.  TOWN,  Late 
Captain  Signal  Corps,  U.  S.  Army,  Tallahassee,  Fla. 


418          HISTORIC     MONUMENT'S 

(North) 

(Wreath   Encircled) 

PROFILE 

BUST 

LEE 

(East) 

WOULD  IT  NOT  BE 
A  SHAME  FOR  US, 
IF  THEIR  MEMORIES  PART 
FROM  OUR  LAND  .AND  HEART, 
AND  A  WRONG  TO  THEM, 
AND  A  SHAME  FOR  US? 
THE  GLORIES  THEY  WON 
SHALL  NOT  WANE  FOR  US, 
IN  LEGEND  AND  LAY 
OUR  HEROES  IN  GRAY 
SHALL  FOREVER  LIVE 
OVER  AGAIN  FOR  US. 

— RYAN. 

(South) 

TO  THE  HEROES,  BOTH  PRIVATE 
AND  CHIEF  OF  THE  SOUTHERN 
CONFEDERACY,  IS  THIS  TRIB- 
UTE AFFECTIONATELY  INSCRIBED. 

(West) 

(Within    Wreath) 

GLORY  CROWNED. 

1861-1865. 


LURAY,  VA. 

The  base  of  the  Luray  monument  is  of  limestone,  2 
feet  by  8  feet;  the  marble  pedestal,  with  dark  green 
plinths,  stands  18  feet  high  and  the  white  marble  statue 
10  feet.  There  are  four  unique  panels,  deep  set  and 


ft  ^ 


LURAY,     VA.,     CONFEDERATE     MONUMENT. 


420          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

artistically  cut.  The  panel  facing  the  main  driveway  is 
an  inspiring  bas-relief  in  profile  of  General  R.  E.  Lee. 
The  "  marble  sentinel  "  which  crowns  the  whole  is 
a  typical  Confederate  picket.  His  well-worn  shoes  re- 
veal sockless  feet  and  protruding  toes.  His  garments 
are  wind-blown,  and  his  old,  weather-beaten  hat  shades 
his  far-seeing,  determined  eye;  accontered  with  his 
cartridge  box,  bayonet  and  canteen,  he  stands,  gun  in 
hand,  ready  for  duty — a  vigorous  embodiment  of  sol- 
dier and  patriot. 

LYNCHBURG,  VA. 

Lynchburg,  from  its  peculiar  position  during  the  war, 
was  a  city  of  hospitals,  so  that  a  large  number  of  men 
from  every  State  in  the  Confederacy  were  carried  there 
to  be  cared  for.  There  is  a  soldiers'  cemetery  in  which 
about  2500  are  buried. 

MARYLAND 

TEXAS 

FLORIDA 

ARKANSAS 

MISSOURI 

KENTUCKY 

GEORGIA 

ALABAMA 

TENNESSEE 

LOUISIANA 

MISSISSIPPI 

SOUTH  CAROLINA 

NORTH   CAROLINA 

AND  VIRGINIA 
SOLDIERS    SLEEP   HERE. 

This  monument  is  in  this  cemetery,  erected  long  be- 
fore U.  D.  C.'s  were  known,  .consisting  of  thirteen 
blocks  of  marble,  with  the  names  of  the  States  inscribed. 
The  Daughters  take  much  interest  in  this  city  of  the 
dead  and  on  Memorial  Day  cooperate  in  its  decoration. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


LYNCHBURG,    VA. 
CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 


422          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

(Front) 

1861-1863. 

(Laurel    Wreath   and   Monogram) 

C.    S.  A. 

(Furled  Flag) 

OUR  CONFEDERATE  SOLDIERS. 

(Right) 

OLD  DOMINION  CHAPTER,  U.  D.  C. 

(Left) 
KIRKWOOD   OTEY   CHAPTER,    U.   D.    C. 

(Rear) 

ERECTED  BY  TH.E  DAUGHTERS  OF 
THE    CONFEDERACY    OF   LYNCHBURG,     , 
VIRGINIA,    IN   1899. 


LYNCHBURG,   VA. 

This  handsome  monument  to  the  memory  of  our  Con- 
federate dead  was  erected  by  the  Daughters  of  the 
Confederacy  in  1899.  The  unveiling  and  dedication 
were  marked  by  the  presence  of  a  multitude  of'  our  peo- 
ple in  a  patriotic  desire  to  pay  a  fitting  tribute  to  the 
memory  of  those  who  fought  for  the  protection  of  the 
firesides  and  the  retention  of  the  liberties  of  the  Old 
Dominion  State. 

The  monument  is  20  feet  high,  from  the  pavement. 
It  cost  above  $3000,  of  which  $2000  was  raised  by  the 
Ladies'  Chapter  and  the  remaining  $1000  was  contrib- 
uted by  the  city  of  Lynchburg. 

The  figure  which  surmounts  the  pedestal  is  very  strik- 
ing in  its  vigor  and  life — a  young  Confederate  infan- 
tryman on  the  qui  vive  to  guard  and  protect  fair  Vir- 
ginia and  repel  the  assaults  of  the  invader.  It  typifies 
Virginian  attitude  in  the  War  of  the  States,  and  while 
man's  tribute  to  heroism  and  patriotism  shall  last  this 
monument  shall  exemplify  Virginian  courage  and  Vir- 
ginian love  of  liberty  and  the  rights  of  its  citizens. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


LYNCHBURG,    VA. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT, 

1899. 


424  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


(Front) 

GLORIA    VICTIS. 
(State  Seal) 

1861-1865. 
HENRY  HONORS   HER  HEROES. 

(Crossed  Swords) 
DEFEATED,    YET    WITHOUT   A    STAIN. 

ERECTED    BY 

MILDRED   LEE   CHAPTER, 

NO.    74,    U.    D.    C. 

TO   THE   TRUE 

CONFEDERATE    SOLDIERS 

OF  HENRY. 


MARTINSVILLE,  VA. 

This  graceful  shaft  of  Virginia  granite,  surmounted 
by  a  Confederate  soldier  exquisitely  carved  from  Italian 
marble,  stands  in  the  court  house  square  in  Martinsville. 

It  was  erected  by- the  Mildred  Lee  Chapter,  U.  D.  C., 
in  honor  of  the  soldiers  of  Henry  County,  and  reflects 
much  credit  on  this  small  body  of  faithful  workers. 

There  are  eleven  soldiers  buried  in  the  cemetery  here 
— one  from  Georgia,  the  others  from  Henry  County. 

One    thousand    men    left    this    county    for    the    war. 

Two  ladies  especially  deserve  credit  for  this  monu- 
ment :  Mrs.  Colonel  Hairston  and  Mrs.  T.  A.  Ranson. 
The  cost  of  the  monument  was  $1165.  June  3  was  se- 
lected as  the  day  for  the  unveiling,  because  it  was  the 
anniversary  of  the  departure  for  the  war  of  the  first 
company  of  soldiers  from  Henry  County,  and,  having 
thus  become  historic,  is  now  every  year  celebrated  as 
Memorial  and  Decoration  Day. — ^Mrs.  M.  M.  Mullins, 
Secretary  U.  D.  C. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  425 


- 


MARTINSVILLE,  VA. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1901. 


426          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

(.Front) 
ERECTED 

BY  THE  MT.  JACKSON  CHAPTER 
OF  THE  U.  D.  C. 

MAY,  1903. 
TO  ALL  CONFEDERATES. 

(Right) 

SOLDIERS  BURIED  HERE  FROM 

VIRGINIA  SO.  CAROLINA 

NO.  CAROLINA  TENNESSEE 

ALABAMA  LOUISIANA 

GEORGIA  TEXAS 
211    UNKNOWN. 


AND  NOW,  LORD,  WHAT  WAIT  I   FOR? 
MY   HOPE   IS   IN   THEE. 

(Rear) 

" NOR   SHALL   YOUR   GLORY   BE   FORGOT 
WHILE  FAME  HER  RECORD  KEEPS." 

1861-1865. 

(Left) 

NEVER  BRAVER  BLED  FOR  BRIGHTER  LAND 
NOR  BRIGHTER  LAND  HAD  A  CAUSE  SO  GRAND. 


MOUNT  JACKSON,  VA. 

This  monument  stands  in  the  Confederate  cemetery  at 
Mount  Jackson. 

The  lower  base  is  of  about  7  feet,  capped  by  two 
white  marble  bases,  the  upper  one  beautifully  polished ; 
upon  this  is  the  pedestal,  3  feet  square  by  30  inches 
at  top.  On  the  front  of  this  die  is  carved  a  large  wreath 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  427 


MOUNT  JACKSON,  VA. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1903. 


"  61-65  "  on  the  bow-knot,  and  in  the  wreath  the  dear 
old   Confederate   flag — upon    which:  are   eleven    stars — 
and  near  the  flag-staff  in  large  monogram,   U.   D.   C. 
The  figure  of  the  soldier  was  sculptured  in  Rome. 

It  is  6^  feet  tall.     The  soldier  appears  to  be  leaning 
against  a  stump,  hat  in  hand,  looking  downward  in  medi- 


428          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

tative  mood.  This  attitude  denotes  respect  for  his 
fallen  comrades  who  lie  around  him. 

This  monument  from  base  up  is  a  very  fine  piece  of 
workmanship.  It  cost  $1500. 

Our  Soldiers'  Cemetery  is  located  in  the  suburbs  of 
Mount  Jackson,  on  the  west  side  of  the  Valley  Turn- 
pike. Here  lie  359  Confederate  heroes.  Of  these  238 
could  at  one  time  be  identified,  their  names,  the  State 
from  which  they  came,  company  and  regiment  being 
known  and  the  graves  marked;  but  they  were  not  cared 
for  in  time;  and  now  all  are  without  markers  and  rest 
under  an  evergreen  sod. 

A  long-cherished  desire  for  a  monument  to  these 
brave  soldiers  in  Mount  Jackson  Cemetery  took  tangible 
form  when  in  1902  Mrs.  L.  H.  Rinker,  historian  of  the 
Chapter,  secured  from  Mr.  Thomas  F.  Ryan,  a  former 
Virginian  and  a  friend  of  the  South,  the  handsome  gift 
of  $750.  The  Chapter  then  took  on  new  zeal  and  soon 
raised  the  amount  necessary  to  build  the  monument. 

It  was  unveiled  June  4,  1903. 

There  were  addresses  by  several  noted  speakers,  and 
finally  Miss  Sophia  Rinker,  selected  by  the  Chapter, 
drew  the  veil,  saying  in  a  clear  voice: 

"  To  the  heroes  who  lie  buried  here  and  to  all  Con- 
federates— I  unveil  to-day  a  tribute  to  your  brave  and 
noble  deeds." — Mrs.  Herbert  C.  IVilkius,  Washington, 
D.  C. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  429 


NEW  MARKET,  VA. 

The  battle  of  New  Market,  Va.,  was  fought  May  15, 
1864,  the  Federal  forces,  'numbering  from  ten  thousand 
to  twelve  thousand,  being  commanded  by  General  Franz 
Sigel ;  the  Confederates,  less  than  three  thousand,  com- 
manded by  General  John  C.  Breckinridge.  The  Con- 
federates gained  a  complete  victory,  suffering  a  loss  of 
sixty-eight  killed  and  three  hundred  and  thirty-seven 
wounded.  The  loss  of  the  Federal  forces  was  two  hun- 
dred and  forty-two  killed,  five  hundred  and  sixty 
wounded,  and  two  hundred  and  forty  missing.  This 
was  a  battle  of  grave  importance,  protecting  the  products 
of  the  Valley  which  was  the  principal  source  of  supplies 
of  General  Lee's  army,  as  well  as  preventing  its  inter- 
ception by  Federal  troops.  As  positive  evidence  of  this 
fact,  Hunter's  army  (Federal)  was  organized  and  pro- 
ceeded up  the  Valley,  a  few  weeks  afterwards,  and  was 
only  checked  at  Lynchburg  by  General  Early. 

'  This  is  a  day  long  to  be  remembered  in  the  history 
of  this  school  of  soldiers.  We  have  assembled  to  do 
homage  to  that  battalion  of  young  soldiers,  who  more 
than  a  generation  ago  received  their  baptism  of  fire  and 
won  immortal  glory  upon  the  memorable  field  of  New 
Market.  The  first  and  only  time  in  history,  I  believe, 
when  in  solid  phalanx,  undaunted  and  invincible,  as  a 
battalion,  testimony  was  borne  to  the  discipline  and  train- 
ing of  any  military  school.  This  school  had  many  repre- 
sentatives in  the  grand  armies  of  the  Lost  Cause  who,  by 
their  daring  and  efficiency,  shed  luster  upon  their  alma 
mater,  and  '  Slain  in  Battle  '  is  the  epitaph  that  conse- 
crates no  less  than  one  hundred  and  twenty-five 
names." — Dedication  address  by  John  N.  Upshur,  M.  D. 

The  monument  stands  in  St.  Matthew's  Cemetery— 
on  the  site  of  the  battle-field.  On  the  I5th  of  May  of 
each  year  our  Ladies'  Memorial  Society,  with  the  old 


430 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


NEW  MARKET,   VA. 
CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  431 


(East    side) 
A    GRATEFUL   TRIBUTE 

TO  THE 
SOUTHERN   SOLDIERS 

AND. 

V.  M.  I.  CADETS 

WHO  FELL  IN  THE  BATTLE 

OF    NEW    MARKET,    VA. 

MAY    15,    1864. 


CONFEDERATE 

MEMORIAL 

(South) 

1861-1865. 

OUR 

CONFEDERATE 
HEROES 


"  SLEEPING    BUT    GLORIOUS." 

NAMES   OF   SOLDIERS 

AND   CADETS 
WHO  FELL  IN  THE  BATTLE 

ERECTED    BY 

THE  WOMAN'S  MEM.  SOCIETY 
OF  THE   LOST   CAUSE. 


soldiers,  gather  with  music  and  speakers  and  flowers  to 
perpetuate  the  memory  of  the  gallant  men  who  fell  in 
our  second  war  for  independence. 

We  had  a  grandson  of  our  beloved  Lee  as  our  speaker 
the  1 5th  of  May,  1909. 

The  lady  who  dictates  this  letter  has  written  a  Life 
of  Lee  for  children,  and  also  a  Life  of  Stonewall  Jack- 
son for  children.  These  books  are  used  in  our  schools, 
not  only  of  Virginia,  but  of  other  States,  They  are  in- 
tended to  give  the  children  a  true  conception  of  the  cause 
and  the  men  who  fought  the  Civil  War. — Mary  L. 
Williamson,  per  M.  IV.  W . 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


(North) 

THEY  DIED  FOR  THE  PRINCIPLES 
UPON  WHICH  ALL  TRUE  REPUB- 
LICS ARE  FOUNDED. 

(South) 

AT  THE  CALL  OF  PATRIOTISM 
AND  DUTY,  THEY  ENCOUNTERED 
THE  PERILS  OF  THE  FIELD,  AND 
WERE  FAITHFUL  UNTO  DEATH. 

(West) 

THEY  FOUGHT  FOR  CONSCIENCE' 
SAKE  AND  DIED  FOR  RIGHT. 

(East) 

ERECTED  BY  HARMANSON-WEST 
CAMP,  CONFEDERATE  VETERANS, 
IN  MEMORY  OF  THEIR  DEAD 
COMRADES  FROM  ACCOMAC  AND 
NORTHAMPTON  COUNTIES,  VIR- 
GINIA. 

PARKSLEY,   VA. 

The  monument  stands  in  a  little  park  in  the  town  of 
Parksley,  and  is  30  feet  high  from  base  to  top  of  the 
statue  of  Confederate  soldier.  It  is  built  of  Vermont 
gray  granite. 

Harmanson-West  Camp  and  their  friends  were  eight 
years  in  raising  the  money  to  erect  this  monument. 

Accomac  and  Northampton  counties  are  separated 
from  the  rest  of  the  state  by  Chesapeake  Bay.  During 
the  war  the  Federal  government  had  blockading  vessels 
in  all  our  creeks  and  rivers,  and  our  only  chance  to  reach 
Dixie's  land  was  to  run  by  these  blockade  boats  in  little 
canoes  and  skiffs.  Nevertheless,  about  five  hundred 
crossed  -and  took  part  in  the  hard  struggle.  We  were 
all  refugees  without  a  home  or  country.  Wherever  they 
fell  there  they  lay  until  loving  hands  removed  them  from 
the  bloody  fields  to  some  cemetery,  and  buried  among 
the  unknown,  from  Gettysburg  to  Appomattox. — T.  C. 
Kelley,  Adj't.,  H-West  Camp,  U.  C.  V. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  433 


PARKSLEY,  VA. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1896. 


434  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


(Front) 

1861— VIRGINIA— 1865. 

PRINCESS   ANNE   COUNTY 

CONFEDERATE 

HEROES. 


(Right) 

YOUR    ARMS    ARE    STACKED, 
YOUR     SPLENDID     COLORS     FADED; 
YOUR    DRUMS    ARE    STILL, 
ASIDE    YOUR    TRUMPETS    LAID. 


(Left) 
ERECTED,    1905. 


(Back) 
(CROSSED   FLAGS) 


PRINCESS  ANNE,  VA. 

This  monument  was  erected  by  the  Princess  Anne 
Camp,  U.  C.  V.,  Major  John  T.  Woodhouse,  Com- 
mander, and  the  Princess  Anne  Chapter,  U.  D.  C.,  Mrs. 
John  T.  Woodhouse,  President.  It  stands  on  the  pub- 
lic square  of  Princess  Anne  court  house.  It  is  27  feet  in 
height.  It  displays  fine  artistic  taste  on  the  part  of  the 
artist  whose  conception  it  is. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  435 


PRINCESS    ANNE,   YA. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

ERECTED    1905. 


436  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

RICHMOND,  VA. 

JEFFERSON  DAVIS   MONUMENT 

The  dedication  of  the  Davis  monument  was  all  that 
could  have  been  imagined.  Such  a  sea  of  human  beings 
was  hardly  ever  seen  in  the  South,  and  for  a  Confederate 
occasion  its  like  is  not  expected  to  appear  again.  The 
order  of  exercises  was  carried  through  as  perfectly  as 
could  have  been  anticipated.  Of  course  it  was  not  ex- 
pected that  the  human  voice  could  be  heard  by  the  vast 
throng,  and  without  seeming  impropriety  a  fine  band  of 
music  played  and  hundreds  of  girls  sang  about  the  area 
of  the  monument.  Such  a  joyous  throng  of  so  great 
magnitude  must  have  rarely  ever  been  witnessed  on  this 
earth. 

Among  all  in  that  vast  throng,  met  to  give  honor  to  the 
memory  of  the  President  of  the  Confederacy,  but  one 
spirit  seemed  dominant, — the  love  of  the  South,  her 
heroes,  her  institutions,  and  the  cause  for  which  her  sons 
fought  and  bled.  While  this  day  seemed  one  of  joy,  it 
was  only  such  joy  as  comes  to  those  who  have  faith  in  a 
cause — even  though  a  lost  one — and  glory  in  doing  honor 
to  those  who  bore  the  grievious  burdens  of  our  Southland 
in  the  bitter  days  that  felt  the  hand  of  the  invader. 

"  Having  implicit  faith  in  his  stainless  character,  we 
ask  that  the  searchlight  of  impartial  history  be  thrown 
upon  the  life  and  character  of  Jefferson  Davis,  believing 
that  his  name  will  shine  forth  as  a  bright  example  of 
patriotism,  statesmanship,  and  Christian  virtue,  for  he 
was  a  man  '  faithful  to  all  trusts.1  The  women  of  the 
Confederacy  have  come  from  the  farthest  ends  of  the 
South  with  garlands  of  love  and  affection,  which  they 
offer  as  a  tribute  of  love  and  reverence  to  his  memory. 
Come  hither,  you  battle-scarred  veterans,  loyal  remnant 
of  the  grandest  army  ever  marshaled  in  battle,  come, 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  437 

honored  heroes,  as  great  in  peace  as  you  were  valiant  in 
war,  and  with  bowed  heads  and  grateful  hearts  lay  your 
testimonials  at  the  feet  of  your  beloved  President.  Let 
all  unite  in  honoring  the  name  of  Jefferson  Davis,  the 
noble  exemplar  of  truth  and  justice,  who,  when  the  roar 
of  battle  ceased,  '  withdrew  from  his  exalted  charge  with 
the  dignity  made  strong  by  his  faith  '  and  '  gained  for 
himself  the  love  and  reverence  of  his  people,  who  trusted 
him.'  ' 

Our  children's  children  should  be  taught  to  honor  and 
revere  his  memory.  They  should  assemble  on  each  June 
3,  the  anniversary  of  his  birth,  and  strew  immortelles  on 
his  grave  and  learn  from  the  matchless  oratory  of  the 
Veterans  the  true  worth  of  this  great  American  patriot 
and  Christian  soldier.  It  has  been  well  said  that  "  to- 
day his  fame  is  ours;  a  century  hence  it  will  be  the 
world's." 

In  this  historic  city  the  destinies  of  our  short-lived  but 
glorious  nation  were  shaped  and  guided  by  his  giant  in- 
tellect, his  services  being  dedicated  to  his  people  and  to 
their  cause,  "  the  grandest  that  ever  rose,  the  purest  that 
ever  fell."  He  was  the  vicarious  sufferer  of  the  South- 
ern people. 

The  Jefferson  'Davis  monument  consists  of  a  semi- 
circular colonnade,  terminating  at  each  end  in  a  square 
pier,  and  a  large  shaft  or  column  rising  from  the  en- 
closed space.  It  is  about  49  feet  wide  across  the  front 
by  about  30  feet  in  depth,  from  front  to  back,  and  67 
feet  in  total  height. 

The  colonnade,  composed  of  thirteen  Doric  columns 
besides  the  two  terminating  piers,  rises  about  18  feet 
above  the  sidewalk,  and  has  its  frieze  decorated  with 
bronze  seals  of  the  eleven  States  that  seceded  and  of  the 
three  others  that  sent  representatives  and  troops  to  aid  us 
in  the  cause. 

About  the  center  of  the  semi-circular  space  enclosed 
by  the  colonnade  stands  a  large  Doric  column  5  feet  4^ 


438 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


inches  in  diameter.  This  forms  a  background  for  the 
bronze  statue  of  President  Davis  and  also  carries  on  its 
top  a  smaller  allegorical  statue  of  bronze,  whose  right 
hand  points  to  heaven  and  beneath  which  is  the  motto 
of  the  Confederacy,  "  Deo  Vindice "  (God  being  the 
Vindicator). 


RICHMOND,    VA. 

DAVIS   MONUMENT. 

1907. 

This  main  column  is  enriched  with  flutings  and  with 
bands  decorated  with  bronze  letters  and  stars  and  with 
the  great  seal  of  the  Confederacy. 

The  statue  of  Mr.  Davis,  of  heroic  size,  stands  at  a 
level  with  the  base  of  the  column,  about  twelve  feet 
above  the  roadway.  He  is  represented  in  a  standing 
posture,  as  though  addressing  an  audience.  The  right 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  439 

hand  and  foot  are  firmly  extended,  while  the  left  hand 
rests  upon  the  open  book  of  history. 

On  the  inner  curve  of  the  surrounding  colonnade,  as 
though  he  were  referring  to  it  with  the  gesture  of  his 
right  hand,  is  placed  the  following  extract  from  his  fare- 
well address  in  the  United  States  Senate,  when  he  re- 
signed from  that  body  upon  the  secession  of  Mississippi, 
the  State  he  represented : 

"  Not  in  hostility  to  others,  not  to  injure  any  section 
of  the  country,  not  even  for  our  own  pecuniary  benefit; 
but  from  the  high  and  solemn  motive  of  defending  and 
protecting  the  rights  we  inherited,  and  which  it  is  our 
duty  to  transmit  unshorn  to  our  children." 


DEO  VINDICE 

PRO  JURE  CIVITATUM 

PRO  ARIS  ET  FOCIS 


JEFFERSON  DAVIS 
PRESIDENT 

OF 

THE   CONFEDERATE   STATES 

OF  AMERICA 

1861-1865. 


(.Inscription  on  Interior  Architrave) 

"  NOT  IN  HOSTILITY  TO  OTHERS,  NOT  TO  INJURE  ANY  SECTION 
OF  THE  COUNTRY,  NOT  EVEN  FOR  OUR  OWN  PECUNIARY  BENE- 
FIT; BUT  FROM  THE  HIGH  AND  SOLEMN  MOTIVE  OF  DEFENDING 
AND  PROTECTING  THE  RIGHTS  WE  INHERITED  AND  WHICH  IT 
IS  OUR  DUTY  TO  TRANSMIT  UNSHORN  TO  OUR  CHILDREN."— JEF- 
FERSON DAVIS,  U.  S.  SENATE,  JAN.  ZIST,  1861. 


440 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


(Inscription  on  Exterior  Architrave) 

ERECTED  BY  THE  PEOPLE  OF  THE  SOUTH  IN  HONOR  OF  THEIR 
GREAT  LEADER,  COMMEMORATING  THEIR  LOVE  FOR  THE  MAN, 
THEIR  REVERENCE  FOR  HIS  VIRTUES,  THEIR  GRATITUDE  FOR 
HIS  SERVICES. 


AS  CITIZEN,  SOLDIER, 
STATESMAN,  HE  EN- 
HANCED THE  GLORY 
AND  ENLARGED  THE 
FAME  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES. 
WHEN  HIS  ALLEGI- 
ANCE TO  THAT  GOV- 


JEFFERSON    DAVI> 


EXPONENT  OF 
CONSTITUTIONAL 

PRINCIPLES 
DEFENDER   OF 
ERNMENT    WAS    TER-  THE   RIGHTS   OF   STATES. 
MINATED      BY      HIS 
SOVEREIGN       STATE, 
AS       PRESIDENT      OF 
THE      CONFEDERATE 
STATES  HE  EXALTED 
HIS      COUNTRY      BE- 
FORE   THE    NATIONS. 


CRESCIT    OCCULTO 

VELUT 
ARBOR    AEVO    KAMA. 


WITH  CONSTANCY 
AND  COURAGE  UN- 
SURPASSED, HE  SUS- 
TAINED THE  HEAVY 
BURDEN  LAID  UPON 
HIM  BY  HIS  PEOPLE. 

WHEN  THEIR 
CAUSE  WAS  LOST, 
WITH  DIGNITY  HE 
MET  DEFEAT,  WITH 
FORTITUDE  HE  EN- 
DURED IMFRI  S  O  N- 
MENT  AND  SUFFER- 
ING, WITH  ENTIRE 
DEVOTION  HE 
KEPT  THE  FAITH. 


THE  NAVY 

OF  THE 
CONFEDERATE   STATES. 


GIVING  NEW   EXAMPLES   OF 

HEROISM  - 

TEACHING  NEW 

METHODS   OF   WARFARE, 

IT  CARRIED  THE 
FLAG   OF   THE   SOUTH 

TO 
THE  MOST  DISTANT  SEAS. 


THE  ARMY 

OF  THE 
CONFEDERATE  STATES. 


FROM 
SUMTER 

TO 

APPOMATTOX, 

FOUR  YEARS  OF 

UNFLINCHING  STRUGGLE 

AGAINST 
OVERWHELMING  ODDS 


IF  TO  DIE  NOBLY  BE 
EVER  THE  PROUDEST 
GLORY  OF  VIRTUE,  THIS 
OF  ALL  MEN  HAS  FOR- 
TUNE GREATLY  GRANTED 
TO  THEM;  FOR,  YEARNING 
WITH  DEEP  DESIRE  TO 
CLOTHE  THEIR  COUNTRY 
WITH  FREEDOM,  NOW  AT 
LAST  THEY  REST,  FULL 
OF  AN  AGELESS  FAME. 


GLORY  INEFFABLE 
THESE  AROUND  THEIR 
DEAR  LAND  WRAPPING, 
WRAPT  AROUND  THEM- 
SELVES THE  PURPLE 
MANTLE  OF  DEATH. 

DYING,  THEY  DIED  NOT 
AT  ALL,  BUT,  FROM  THE 
GRAVE  AND  .  ITS  SHAD- 
OWS, VALOR  INVINCIBLE 
LIFTS  THEM  GLORI- 
FIED EVER  ON  HIGH. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  441 


THE  CHARACTER  OF  ROBERT  E.  LEE 

On  an  occasion  for  honoring-  the  memory  of  General 
R.  E.  Lee,  Curtis  Guild,  Jr.,  said : 

"  Judgment  is  a  product  of  the  reason.  Sincerity  is 
an  attribute  of  the  soul.  We  may  leave  to  historians 
the  question  of  Lee's  judgment,  but  no  man  alive  or 
dead  has  the  right  to  question  Lee's  sincerity.  His 
fame  is  Virginia's,  his  life  and  love  were  the  Confed- 
eracy's ;  but  those  memories  of  consummate  military 
skill,  of  devoted  and  utter  self-sacrifice,  of  patriotic  duty 
performed  in  defeat  as  in  victory,  belong  not  to  Virginia 
nor  to  the ,  South  alone,  but  to  the  United  States  of 
America.  .  .  . 

"  You  remember  the  master  of  strategy  and  tactics, 
whose  most  wonderful  victory  at  Chancellorsville  was 
saddened  only  by  the  loss  of  his  great  lieutenant.  You 
remember  the  brave,  patient,  uncomplaining  soul,  who, 
on  the  bitter  evening  of  his  great  defeat,  had  no  word 
of  comment  or  criticism  but  those  historic  sentences  of 
noble  self-abasement :  '  I  alone  am  to  blame.  The  or- 
der to  attack  was  mine.' 

"  You  remember  the  soldier  whose  devotion  to  the 
cause  he  loved  was  neither  blind  nor  brutal.  You  re- 
member the  antagonist  who  never  by  word  or  epithet 
converted  the  doctrine  of  opposition  into  the  gospel  of 
hate.  .  .  ." 

Of  all  the  famous  captains,  the  judgment  of  man- 
kind will  accord  R.  E.  Lee  a  place  with  the  most  illus- 
trious; while  in  moral  grandeur  and  greatness  he  towers 
above  them  all  and  embodies  in  his  life  and  character  the 
highest  achievement  yet  reached  in  the  evolution  of  de- 
velopment of  the  human  species. 

Our  own  lamented  Senator  Hill  said  of  him :  "  When 
the  future  historian  shall  survey  the  character  of  Lee, 
he  will  find  it  rising  like  a  huge  mountain  above  the 
undulating  plain  of  humanity,  and  he  must  lift  his  eyes 


442 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


high  toward  heaven  to  catch  its  summit.  He  possessed 
every  virtue  of  other  great  commanders  without  their 
vices.  He  was  a  foe  without  hate,  a  friend  without 
treachery." 


iiiiiiiilli  iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii  ninn. : 


RICHMOND,  YA. 
LEE   MONUMENT. 


RICHMOND,  VA. 

R.   E.   LEE  MONUMENT 

This  statue  is  equestrian  and  colossal  in  size.  It  is 
a  graceful  and  harmonious  structure  and  is  visited  by 
almost  every  stranger  who  comes  to  Richmond. 

It  represents  General  Lee  riding  down  the  line  upon 
his  loved  old  "  Traveller."  The  height  of  the  horse  and 
rider  is  21  feet  4  inches;  that  of  the  masonry,  40  feet 
6  inches;  total  nearly  62  feet. 

The  pedestal  is  a  classical  composition,  Grecian  and 
modern.  The  horse  and  rider  appear  as  if  supported  by 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  443 

four  columns  of  polished  granite.  These  are  Grecian, 
but  with  their  ornaments  brought  into  accord  with  the 
others,  which  combine  the  laurel  and  the  oak,  the  effect 
of  the  entire  structure  is  grand  and  imposing. 

The  lion's  head  upon  the  pedestal  denotes  courage, 
the  oak,  endurance,  the  laurel  Lee's  right  to  be  crowned 
as  one  of  the  world's  great  heroes. 

The  monument  cost  about  $65,000;  the  artist  was 
Antonin  Mercie,  the  Paris  sculptor. 

The  unveiling  of  this  monument,  on  the  2Qth  of  May, 
1890,  was  an  event  in  the  world's  history,  and  was  wit- 
nessed by  nearly  one  hundred  thousand  people. 

J.    E.    B.    STUART    MONUMENT 

The  dedication  of  the  J.  E.  B.  Stuart  monument  caused 
an  outpour  of  people  that  must  have  gratified  those  who 
were  most  intimate  with  the  wonderful  cavalryman  and 
a  man  who  was  so  light-hearted  and  gay,  and  yet  in 
whose  life  there  were  such  deep  and  undying  Christian 
virtues.  "  Jeb  "  Stuart  will  ever  be  a  study  in  human 
'nature.  The  unveiling  of  the  monument  was  by  his  lit- 
tle granddaughter.  She  was  with  Mrs.  J.  E.  B.  Stuart. 

The  monument  bears  the  following: 

MAJOR-GENERAL   J.    E.    B.    STUART, 
COMMANDING   CAVALRY   CORPS, 

ARMY   NORTHERN   VIRGINIA, 
CONFEDERATE  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 

Stuart  was  born  in  Patrick  County  in  1833.  Died  in 
Richmond  May  12,  1864.  He  saved  this  city  from  cap- 
ture; he  gave  his  life  for  his  country.  General  Lee,  an- 
nouncing Stuart's  death  to  the  army,  said  of  him :  "  His 
grateful  countrymen  will  mourn  his  loss  and  cherish  his 
memory.  To  his  comrades  in  arms  he  has  left  the  proud 
recollection  of  his  deeds  and  the  inspiring  influence  of 
his  example." 

Of  his  military  ability  as  a  cavalry  leader,  General 
Sedgwick  probably  summed  up  the  general  opinion  when 


444 


he  said :  "  Stuart  is  the  best  cavalryman  ever  foaled  in 
North  America."  Of  his  courage,  devotion,  and  many 
lovable  traits,  General  Lee  bore  testimony  on  his  death, 
when  he  retired  to  his  tent  with  the  words :  "  I  can 
scarcely  think  of  him  without  weeping."  Stuart  thus 
made  a  very  strong  impression  both  on  the  people  at 
large  and  on  the  eminent  soldiers  with  whom  he  was 
associated.  The  writer  enjoyed  his  personal  friendship, 
and  observed  him  during  a  large  part  of  his  career. 
From  the  first  his  cavalry  operations  were  full  of  fire 
and  vigor,  and  General  J.  E.  Johnston,  under  whom  he 
served  in  the  Valley,  called  him  "  the  indefatigable 
Stuart." 

"  In  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville,  when  Jackson 
was  disabled  and  Stuart  assumed  command  and  sent 
to  ascertain  Jackson's  views  and  wishes  as  to  the  attack 
next  morning1,  the  wounded  commander  replied :  '  Go 
back  and  tell  General  Stuart  to  act  on  his  own  judgment, 
and  do  what  he  thinks  best.  I  have  implicit  confidence 
in  him.' 

"  Stuart's  attack  with  Jackson's  corps  on  the  next 
morning  fully  justified  this  confidence.  His  employ- 
ment of  artillery  in  mass  on  the  Federal  left  went  far 
to  decide  this  critical  action.  At  the  battle  of  Freder- 
icksburg,  in  the  preceding  December,  the  same  masterly 
handling  of  his  guns  had  protected  Jackson's  right  to- 
ward the  Massaponnax,  which  was  the  real  key  to  the 
battle;  and  in  these  two  great  actions,  as  on  the  left  at 
Sharpsburg,  Stuart  exhibited  a  genius  for  the  manage- 
ment of  artillery  which  would  have  delighted  Napoleon. 

"  When  the  Confederate  forces  advanced  northward 
in  the  summer  of  1862,  Stuart's  cavalry  accompanied 
the  column  and  took  part  in  all  the  important  operations 
of  that  year  on  the  Rapidan,  the  Rappahannock,  the 
Second  Manassas,  Sharpsburg,  and  Fredericksburg.  In 
these  bustling  scenes  Stuart  acted  with  immense  energy 
and  enthusiasm,  laying  broad  and  deep  his  reputation  as 
a  cavalry  officer.  By  incessant  fighting  and  an  ardor 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


445 


and  activity  which  seemed  to  pass  all  bounds,  he  had  by 
this  time  won  the  full  confidence  of  General  Lee. 

"  When  General  Grant  moved  toward  Spottsylvania 
Court  House,  it  was  Stuart  who,  according  to  Northern 
historians,  so  obstructed  the  roads  as  to  enable  General 
Lee  to  interpose  his  army  at  this  important  point.  Had 
this  not  been  effected,  Richmond,  it  would  seem,  must 


RICHMOND,    VA. 

J.   E.   G.    STUART   MONUMENT. 

1907. 

have  fallen — Stuart  thus  having  the  melancholy  glory 
of  prolonging  for  an  additional  year  the  contest,  ending 
only  in  April,  1865.  His  death  speedily  followed.  Gen- 
eral Sheridan  turned  against  .him  his  own  system,  or- 
ganized on  the  Chickahominy  in  June,  1862.  The  Fed- 
eral horse  pushed  past  Lee's  army  to  surprise  Richmond. 
Stuart  followed  in  haste  with  such  force  of  cavalry  as 
he  could  collect  on  the  instant.  The  collision  took  place 


446 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


at  Yellow  Tavern,  near  Richmond;  and  in  the  engage- 
ment Stuart  was  mortally  wounded,  and  two  or  three 
days  afterwards  expired." 


RICHMOND,   VA. 

IN   HOLLYWOOD    CEMETERY. 

CONFEDERATE    DEAD. 

1869. 


HOLLYWOOD   CEMETERY    MONUMENT 

In  this  cemetery  of  sixteen  acres  are  the  graves  of 
sixteen  thousand  soldiers  of  the  Confederacy. 

Three  thousand  bodies  were  removed  to  this  cemetery 
from  Gettysburg  and  one  thousand  from  other  distant 
fields  of  battle. 


RICHMOND,   VA. 

SOLDIERS  AND   SAILORS   MONUMENT. 
LIBBY   HILL   PARK. 

The  monument  is  a  massive  pyramid,  of  undressed 
James  River  granite,  90  feet  high,  and  a  slab  on  the  face 
reads:  "The  Confederate  Dead." 

The  monument  was  erected  by  the  ladies  'of  the  Holly- 
wood Memorial  Association,  and  cost  $50,000. 


THE  SOLDIERS  AND  SAILORS   MONUMENT 

Would  you  think  it?  The  figure  of  a  Confederate  sol- 
dier on  the  top  of  this  monument  is  17  feet  2  inches 
high ;  three  times  the  height  of  the  average  man.  That 
is  because  he  is  so 'high  up.  The  column  he  stands  on 
is  over  72  feet  high ;  total  about  90  feet.  The  monument 
carries  the  following  inscription :  "  To  the  Soldiers  and 
Sailors  of  the  Confederate  Army  and  Navy." 

The  cost  of  the  monument  was  nearly  $34,000.  The 
statue  is  of  bronze. 


448  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

(West  side) 

ERECTED    BY 

THOMAS  W.  SMITH 

IN  MEMORY  OF 

HIS    COMRADES. 

CONFEDERATE   DEAD. 

(Son th) 
"THIS   SHAFT  ON  WHICH  WE  CARVE   NO   NAM  I. 

SHALL    GUIDE    VIRGINIA'S    YOUTH, 
A   SIGNPOST  ON   THE   ROAD  TO   FAME, 

TO   HONOR,   AND   TO   TRUTH. 
A    SILENT   SENTRY,    LET    IT    STAND 

TO   GUARD   THROUGH    COMING   TIME 
THEIR  GRAVES  WHO  DIED  FOR  NATIVE  LAND 
AND    DUTY    MOST    SUBLIME." 

(North) 

"  WITH    SHOUTS    ABOVE    THE    BATTLE'S    ROAR 
THEY   JOINED   THE   LEGIONS    GONE    BEFORE. 
THEY    BRAVELY    FOUGHT,   THEY   BRAVELY    FELL; 
THEY  WORE  THE    GRAY,   AND   WORE   IT   WELL." 

(East) 
1861     -     1865. 


SUFFOLK,  VA. 

The  monument  is  on  a  well  chosen  site  in  Cedar  Hill 
Cemetery,  a  beautifully  kept  and  beautifully  situated 
place.  The  proper  care  of  the  large  square,  grass  plot 
surrounding  it,  and  the  decoration  of  the  monument  and 
its  surroundings  on  Memorial  Day  are  sacred  duties  of 
the  Suffolk  Chapter,  U.  D.  C.  It  was  erected  by  Colonel 
Smith  solely  at  his  own  expense,  and  no  one  knows  the 
cost ;  I  have  heard  it  estimated  at  not  less  than  two  thou- 
sand dollars,  and  from  that  up;  but  it  is  all  guesswork. 
—(Mrs.)  rda  Lezvis  Harper,  Cor.  Sec.,  Suffolk  Chapter. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  449 


SUFFOLK,  VA. 

TOM    SMITH   MONUMENT 

TO    HIS   COMRADES. 

1889. 


These  lines  are  by  W.  R.  Jacobs  to  the  monument 
erected  by  Captain  Thomas  W.  Smith,  of  Suffolk,  Va., 
in  memory  of  Confederate  comrades  everywhere : 


THE  WATCH  ON  CEDAR  HILL 

O  sentry,  cold  and  mute ! 
Unfettered,  free,  unled 
By  party  or  by  man — 

Strong  watchman  of  the  dead ! 
The  winter  winds  shall  smite  thy  breast, 

As  oft  they  smote  thy  charge  before; 

The  leaves  shall  fall,  fair  flowers  decay, 

And  drift  with  age  athwart  thy  floor. 


450  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


Thy  charge  lies  cold,  fair  shaft, 

Dank  as  the  pathless  main ; 
Nor  sun  nor  star  nor  fire 
In    sepulchers   of  slain. 
And  through  the  space  of  fleeting  years 
Thy  fluted  form  shall  view  the  West, 
To  tell  of  fate,  of  heroes  gone, 
To  tell  the  ending  of  the  rest. 


One  of  the  favorite  sayings  of  the  man  who  erected  this 
monument  is :  "  When  I  hear  a  man  being  praised  and 
honors  given  him,  I  always  want  to  know  his  wife,  for 
no  man  ever  accomplishes  any  great  thing  without  the 
aid  of  some  great  woman — his  wife  or  his  mother."  He 
says  to-day  that  but  for  his  dear  little  wife  that  monu- 
ment would  not  be  standing  now.  When  he  first  thought 
of  the  monument  he  told  her  that  he  was  going  to  leave 
money  in  his  will  to  erect  a  handsome  memorial  to  his 
comrades,  and  it  was  she  who  said :  "  Why  not  give  the 
monument  now,  while  you  can  supervise  the  work  and 
have  it  done  exactly  as  you  would  have  it?  "  So  with 
her  help  he  did  erect  the  monument,  and  it  is  a  credit  to 
him,  to  her,  to  the  men  in  whose  honor  it  is  given,  and 
to  the  town  and  State. 

Generally  men  give  large  sums  when  it  can  do  them 
no  more  good ;  but  this  man,  who  is  not  rich  as  wealth 
is  counted  now,  gave  of  what  he  had.  All  who  know 
him  delight  in  showing  him  honor.  The  Confederate 
Camp  at  Suffolk  is  the  Tom  Smith  Camp,  and  he  has 
been  Grand  Commander  of  the  Grand  Camp  of  Vir- 
ginia. 

Many  towns  and  cities  have  asked  him  to  deliver  ad- 
dresses on  Memorial  Days.  It  was  in  his  speech  at 
Portsmouth,  Va.,  that  the  memorable  words  were  spoken  : 
"  I  am  one  of  the  men  whose  proudest  boast  is :  'I 
followed  Lee.'  ' 

The  inscriptions  on  the  monument  were  written  by 
Dr.  Beverly  Tucker,  of  Norfolk,  Va. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  451 


WYTHEVILLE,  VA. 

Wytheville,  Va.,  has  a  creditable  monument  to  the 
Confederate  dead,  erected  through  the  efforts  of  the 
Wythe  Gray  Chapter,  U.  D.  C.,  May  26,  1900. 

Our  Chapter  was  organized  September  28,  1897.  The 
first  work  undertaken  was  the  removal  of  the  bodies  of 
some  twenty-five  or  more  Confederate  soldiers  interred 
in  an  old  burying-grouncl  on  the  outskirts  of  the  town. 
A  beautiful  knoll  commanding  a  fine  view  in  our  more 
beautiful  cemetery  was  chosen  as  a  suitable  spot  to  rear 
a  memorial  shaft,  a  befitting  tribute  to  those  whose  lives 
were  given  for  our  just  cause.  It  rises  to  the  height  of 
eighteen  feet  and  is  made  of  granite. 


OUR 
CONFEDERATE 

DEAD. 


The  exercises  were  opened  with  a  fervid  and  touch- 
ing prayer  by  Rev.  J.  S.  W.  Neel.  Then  Judge  John 
H.  Fulton,  who  was  captain  of  the  Wythe  Grays,  and 
is  the  honored  commander  of  William  Terry  Camp,  the 
gallant  soldier  and  beloved  citizen,  spoke,  thrilling  the 
audience  as  he  recounted  so  pathetically  some  of  the 
scenes  of  the  past.  At  the  conclusion  of  his  speech  the 
inimitable  and  irresistible  "  cyclone,"  Jim  Marshall,  ap- 
peared before  the  cheering-  assembly,  and  moved  his 
hearers  at  his  will  with  "  wit,  wisdom,  and  eloquence." 
After  his  address,  to  the  strains  of  patriotic  music,  lit- 
tle Eleanor  Terry,  granddaughter  of  the  gallant  and 
lamented  General  William  Terry — the  first  captain  of 
the  Wythe  Grays,  and  last  commander  of  the  famous 
Stonewall  Brigade — unveiled  the  imposing  monument, 
amid  the  plaudits  of  the  large  assembly.  Wreaths  of 


452 


laurel  and  evergreen  encircled  it,  and  it  seemed  to  rise 
from  a  bank  of  flowers.  Every  grave  of  a  veteran  re- 
ceived a  like  loving  tribute  from  comrades  and  fair 
hands. 

From  Wytheville  comes  the  report  of  beautiful  me- 
morial work  done  by  Wythe  Gray  Chapter.  To  an  old 
Confederate  soldier,  how  many  memories  will  arise  at 


WYTHEVILLE,  VA. 

CONFEDERATE   MONUMENT. 

i  goo. 


the  name,  that  noble  company  of  the  glorious  old  Stone- 
wall Brigade.  The  name  has  lost  none  of  its  prestige, 
for  this  noble  band  has  gathered  up  the  remains  of  all 
who  died  in  hospitals,  and  whose  names  were  lost,  re- 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  453 

interred  them  in  a  mound,  in  the  center  of  a  square,  in 
the  beautiful  cemetery  on  the  hill,  and  at  a  cost  of  about 
$500,  placed  over  them  a  shaft,  "  To  The  Unknown 
Dead,"  simple,  quiet,  unostentatious,  but,  oh!  how  touch- 
ingly  pathetic.  Unknown,  but  "  they  died,  and  wore 
the  gray,"  it  is  kept  in  perfect  order  and  wreathed  in 
garlands  on  Memorial  Day.  In  this  cemetery  are  buried 
two  of  the  commanders  of  the  Stonewall  Brigade,  Gen- 
eral James  A.  Walker  and  General  William  Terry. 
Many,  very  many,  who  fell  in  battle  or  died  of  wounds 
and  disease  in  hospitals,  lie  buried  here.  On  Memorial 
Day  the  old  veterans  place  a  chaplet  of  evergreens  on 
each  grave,  marked  with  a  Confederate  flag,  while  the 
Daughters  lay  flowers  also,  and  this  will  be  kept  up 
while  strength  lasts  in  memory  of  "  our  deathless  dead." 
This  Memorial  Day's  work  is  not  considered  finished 
until  a  lunch  has  been  served  to  all  the  old  veterans  and 
a  roll  of  the  Wythe  Grays  been  called.  Truly  these 
women  forget  nothing.  "  God  bless  them  "  is  the  cry 
from  many  a  heart. 


THE  CONQUERED  BANNER 
BY  FATHER  ABRAM  J.  RYAN 

Furl  that  banner,  for  'tis  weary; 
Round  its  staff  'tis  drooping  dreary ; 

Furl  it,  fold  it,  it  is  best: 
For  there's  not  a  man  to  wave  it, 
And  there's  not  a  sword  to  save  it, 
And  there's  not  one  left  to  lave  it, 
In  the  blood  which  heroes  gave  it, 
And  its  foes  now  scorn  and  brave  it- 
Furl  it,  hide  it,  let  it  rest. 
Take  the  banner  down — 'tis  tattered, 
Broken  is  its  staff  and  shattered, 

And  the  valiant  hosts  are  scattered 
Over  whom  it  floated  high, 


454  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

O  'tis  hard  for  us  to  fold  it, 
Hard  to  think  there's  none  to  hold  it, 
Hard  that  those  who  once  unrolled  it 
Now  must  furl  it  with  a  sigh. 

Furl  that  banner,  furl  it  sadly — 
Once  ten  thousand  hailed  it  gladly, 
And  ten  thousand,  wildly,  madly, 

Swore  it  should  forever  wave, 
Swore  that  foeman's  sword  could  never 
Hearts  like  theirs  entwined  dissever 
Till  that  flag  would  float  forever 

O'er  their  freedom  or  their  grave. 
Furl  it,  for  the  hands  that  grasped  it, 
And  the  hearts  that  fondly  clasped  it, 

Cold  and  dead  are  lying  low ; 
And  the  banner,  it  is  trailing, 
While  around  it  sounds  the  wailing 

Of  its  people  in  their  woe. 
For,  though  conquered,  they  adore  it, 
Love  the  cold,  dead  hands  that  bore  it, 
Weep  for  those  who  fell  before  it, 
Pardon  those  who  trailed  and  tore  it, 
And  O  wildly  they  deplore  it, 

Now  to  furl  and  fold  it  so. 

Furl  that  banner !    true  'tis  gory, 
Yet  'tis  wreathed  around  with  glory, 
And  'twill  live  in  song  and  story, 

Though  its  folds  are  in  the  dust; 
For  its  fame  on  brightest  pages, 
Penned  by  poets  and  by  sages, 
Shall  go  sounding  down  the  ages ; 

Furl  its  folds  though  now  we  must. 
Furl  that  banner,  softly,  slowly, 
Treat  it  gently — it  is  holy — 

For  it  droops  above  the  dead ; 
Touch  it  not,  unfold  it  never, 
Let  it  droop  there,  furled  forever, 

For  its  people's  hopes  are  dead. 


WEST  VIRGINIA 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  457 


A  CONFEDERATE  REQUIEM 

These  beautiful  lines  were  written  by  the  late  Colonel 
J.  M.  Sandiclge.  R.  M.  Hinson  Camp,  No.  578,  U.  C.  V., 
at  Bastrop,  La.,  has  adopted  them  as  a  funeral  service : 

"  Once  again  has  a  comrade  been  relieved  from  his 
post  of  duty.  His  battle  of  life  here  has  been  fought. 
Signaled  to  join  the  advance  guard,  he  has  gone  from 
us.  Martial  music  of  Confederate  camps  can  never 
again  bring  him  into  line  with  those  who  remain.  He 
has  crossed  the  fateful  river  and  entered  upon  other 
service.  He  now  fronts  toward  the  head  of  time's  great 
column  beyond  the  '  gates  ajar.'  On  eternity's  roster 
his  name  now  appears.  He  has  taken  his  place  in  the 
ranks  of  the  countless  host  moving  on  and  on  under  the 
eye  of  the  great  Captain  of  the  universe,  the  Con- 
queror of  death  itself.  To  aspirations  born  of  new 
surroundings  our  comrade  can  well  be  left,  and  we  salute 
him  in  tenderest  memory  on  his  onward  march  through 
the  highways  of  the  garnered  -nations.  His  mortal  body 
will  have  its  resting  place  with  us,  and  as  the  earth  will 
soon  hide  it  from  our  sight,  let  us  bury  also  in  oblivion 
any  recollection  of  his  human  frailties,  commemorating 
only  the  virtues  of  one  who  was  our  friend  in  peace, 
•our  comrade  in  war.  This  last  sad  rite  performed,  let 
us  go  hence  with  courage  and  confidence  to  the  perform- 
ance of  such  other  duties  as  may  fallto  our  lot.  Let  no 
vicissitude  drive  or  tempt  us  to  abandon  our  post  or 
fail  in  doing  all  the  good  we  can  while  on  earth  we  live, 
remembering  that  in  a  little  while  we  too  will  be  called 
away,  and  each  of  us  assigned  to  our  proper  p<lace  by  the 
Supreme  Commander." 


458          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


BEVERLY,  W.   VA. 

CONFEDERATE   MONUMENT. 

1908. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  459 

•61  C.    S.    A.  '65. 

TO 
THE  CONFEDERATE  SOLDIERS 

RESTING  HERE  AND 
TO  ALL  WHO  WORE  THE  GRAY. 

"  LEST  WE  FORGET." 

ERECTED   BY   RANDOLPH   CHAPTER, 
UNITED  DAUGHTERS  OF  THE  CONFEDERACY. 

1908. 

BEVERLY,  W.  VA. 

This  is  a  graceful  and  elegant  shaft  of  Barre  granite, 
28  feet  in  height,  standing  in  the  cemetery  on  Mount 
Iser,  where  repose  the  remains  of  seventy-five  Confed- 
erate soldiers  who  lost  their  lives  in  the  war  between 
the  States  and  were  buried  at  this  point.  The  soldiers 
whose  remains  are  buried  here  were  killed  at  different 
points  in  the  battles  which  were  fought  in  this  section — 
some  at  the  Hill  raid  in  Beverly,  some  at  Rich  Moun- 
tain, where  a  battle  was  fought,  and  some  on  Cheat 
Mountain,  but  all  the  bodies  were  brought  to  Mount 
Iser  by  friends  interested  in  the  cause,  one  of  which, 
Mr.  Parkinson  Collett,  is  still  living  in  Beverly,  and  who 
with  his  brother  Calvin,  now  deceased,  made  coffins  and 
buried  the  dead  heroes,  asking  and  receiving  no  remuner- 
ation for  their  services,  nor  for  their  lands  upon  which 
the  soldiers  were  buried. 

Mount  Iser  was  used  by  the  Union  soldiers  during 
the  war  as  their  fortifications,  and  the  trenches  and 
breastworks  remain  untouched,  being  as  plainly  outlined 
to-day  as  they  were  forty  years  ago.  This  historic  spot 
is  a  sharp  hill  overlooking  the  beautiful  little  town  of 
Beverly,  and  is  located  on  land  owned  by  Thomas  Col- 
lett's  heirs,  the  portion  on  which  the  graves  are  located 
having  been  recently  purchased  by  the  Daughters. 

For  picture  and  data  of  the  Beverly  monument  we 
are  indebted  to  Mrs.  E.  D.  Talbott,  President  of  the 
Randolph  Chapter,  U.  D.  C. 


460  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


IN    MEMORY 

OF 

OUR  CONFEDERATE  DEAD: 
ERECTED 

BY 

PARKERSBURG   CHAPTER 

UNITED  DAUGHTERS  CONFEDERACY 

1908. 


PARKERSBURG,  W.  VA. 

Our  Chapter  was  seven  years  in  raising  funds  to  erect 
this  monument. 

It  is  considered  a  very  handsome  one;  the  entire  cost, 
$2600. 

The  pedestal  is  of  Vermont  granite,  12  by-  5  feet  and 
weighs  23  tons.  The  soldier  figure  is  of  cast  bronze,  7 
feet  high,  and  weighs  noo  pounds. 

In  the  center  of  the  pedestal  is  a  bronze  tablet,  with  the 
Confederate  seal  at  the  top,  and  then  the  inscription  as 
given  herewith. 

West  Virginia  being  within  the  Northern  lines,  only 
two  of  our  soldiers  were  killed  in  the  war.  But  we  dec- 
orate with  flags  and  flowers  thirty-four  graves  of  those 
who  have  died  since,  making  in  all  thirty-six  whose  mem- 
ory is  annually  honored  on  the  3d  of  June,  our  Memo- 
rial Day. 

The  city  donated  a  plot  sixty  by  sixty  feet  in  the  City 
Park,  where  we  erected  our  monument.  We  enclosed 
the  plot  with  cement  curbing,  filled  it  in  so  that  it  is  five 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  park  in  the  center  of  mound. 
We  placed  four  large  vases,  one  at  each  corner  of  the  lot, 
and  have  them  filled  with  beautiful  flowers. 

Our  last  Decoration  exercises  were  held  just  at  twi- 
light. They  were  very  impressive  and  greatly  affected 
the  large  number  present. — (Miss)  Mabel  A.  Moss,  Sec. 
U.  D.  C. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  461 


PARKERSBURG,  W.   VA. 
CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT. 
1908. 


462  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


THERE  IS  A  TRUE  GLORY  AND 
A  TRUE  HONOR:— THE  GLORY  OF 
DUTY  DONE,  THE  HONOR  OF  IN- 
TEGRITY OR  PRINCIPLE. 

R.  E.  LEE. 


CONFEDERATE     SOLDIERS 

OF 
MONROE  COUNTY. 


UNION,  W.  VA. 

The  monument  is  19  feet  6  inches  in  height,  the  ped- 
estal of  Barre  granite,  upholding  a  figure  of  a  private 
soldier  exquisitely  carved  of  Italian  marble.  Upon  op- 
posite sides  of  the  plinth  are  cut  crossed  cannon  and 
sabers,  symbolizing  the  cavalry  and  artillery. 

The  prime  mover  in  the  erection  of  this  monument 
was  General  John  Echols.  At  the  unveiling,  August  29, 
1901,  an  assemblage  of  about  twelve  thousand  gathered 
to  witness  the  ceremonies.  There  was  a  brilliant  parade 
of  Confederate  veterans  led  by  Colonel  Charles  S.  Pey- 
ton, of  Pickett's  Division.  Beautiful  girls  on  horseback, 
escorted  by  Sons  of  Veterans,  appeared  as  sponsors  for 
the  companies  from  Monroe  County,  serving  in  the  war : 
Monroe  Guards,  Berne's  Sharpshooters,  Rocky  Point 
Grays,  Reed's,  Swan's  and  Morton's  companies.  Lewis' 
and  Charles  Vawter's  companies,  Bryan's,  Chapman's 
and  Lowry's  batteries,  Thin-man's  Rangers  and  Osborne's 
Reserves. 

Each  Confederate  State  was  represented  by  a  deco- 
'rated  float,  drawn  by  four  horses  and  carrying  a  sponsor 
and  maids  of  honor.  The  veil  was  drawn  aside  by  a 
committee  of  young  ladies. 

Addresses  were  made  by  Lieutenant-Governor  Echols 
and  Hon.  W.  W.  Arnette,  who  was  colonel  of  the  2Oth 
Virginia  Cavalry. 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS  463 


UNION,    W.    VA. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1901. 


464          HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


SACRED 

TO  THE  MEMORY  OF 

CONFEDERATE    SOLDIERS 

OF  THE   2 IST   AND   ISTH   VIRGINIA   REG'TS, 

VALLEY  MOUNTAIN. 


1861. 

NON   SIBI   SED  PATRIAE. 
ERECTED    BY    COMRADES, 

1902. 


VALLEY  MOUNTAIN,  W.  VA. 

Captain  F.  S.  Harris,  who  visited  the  place,  writes : 
"  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  no  monument  was  ever 
built  in  a  more  inaccessible  place  than  this  one,  which 
was  unveiled  on  July  17,  1902.  Colonel  A.  C.  L.  Gate- 
wood,  of  Ashby's  Cavalry,  was  chief  marshal  of  the 
mounted  men,  with  J.  C.  Price,  S.  M.  Gay,  and  T.  C. 
Courtney  as  aides.  Mr.  Arthur  Lawson  was  chief  mar- 
shal of  footmen,  with  Piatt  Marshall  and  G.  M.  Key  as 
aides.  The  procession  formed  on  the  public  highway  in 
front  of  where  General  Sam  R.  Anderson's  brigade  of 
Tennesseeans  were  camped  in  1861.  The  Marlinton 
band  played  '  Dixie,'  and  many  of  that  great  audience  of 
over  two  thousand  had  never  heard  it.  Exercises  were 
opened  with  prayer  by  Rev.  W.  T.  Price,  and  a  master- 
ful oration  was  delivered  by  Bishop  Peterkin.  His  ora- 
tion is  spoken  of  there  as  the  Confederate  '  Confession 
of  Faith.' 

"  The  dead  are  largely  Tennesseeans,  as  Anderson's 
and  Donelson's  Brigades  comprised  the  bulk  of  Loring's 
army  while  at  Valley  Mountain.  It  was  unveiled  by 
the  two  granddaughters  of  Colonel  Gatewood,  exposing 
to  view  a  low  but  beautiful  monumental  cross  with  the 


HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 


465 


VALLEY    MOUNTAIN,   W.    VA. 

CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

1902. 


inscription,  '  Non  Sibi,  Sed  Patrice/  meaning,  '  They  died 
not  for  themselves,  but  for  their  country.'  It  is  situated 
about  one-fourth  of  a  mile  south  of  the  main  road,  where 
it  passes  the  highest  gap  in  Valley  Mountain,  on  a  very 
high  hill  or  mountain  of  land  given  by  Dr.  Cameron. 
It  is  a  question  who  is  most  creditable  for  this  tender 


466  HISTORIC     MONUMENTS 

memory  in  granite,  Bishop  Peterkin  or  Arthur  Lawson. 
The  former  was  a  private  in  a  Virginia  regiment  and 
marched  afoot  over  this  section  in  1861.  After  Appo- 
mattox  he  entered  the  ministry,  and  his  work  has  made 
him  a  bishop.  He  lives  in  Beverly,  W.  Va.,  and  next 
to  his  church  the  memory  of  his  comrades  has  been 
nearest  his  heart.  Arthur  Lawson  is  a  young  English- 
man, a  man  of  wealth,  who  has  made  large  investments 
in  that  blue  grass  section,  and  spends  a  portion  of  his 
time  there.  When  he  first  reached  America  he  knew  but 
little  of  our  civil  strife,  but,  being  a  Briton,  his  feelings, 
if  at  all  biased,  were  in  favor  of  '  the  government.'  He 
had  not  been  in  that  section  long  before  his  attention  was 
drawn  to  the  Confederate  soldier.  From  a  most  reason- 
able standpoint  he  soon  reached  the  conclusion  that  a 
people  who  remained  so  faithful  to  a  cause,  with  the 
fidelity  shown  by  the  followers  of  Lee,  had  a  just  cause 
of  complaint,  or  were  a  race  of  very  remarkable  people. 
He  found  both  to  be  the  case,  and  largely  through  his 
influence  this  monument  is  permanently  set  on  the  top 
of  Valley  Mountain  as  a  Confederate  memorial.  The  old. 
Johnnie  Rebs,  whose  fidelity  to  a  waning  cause  kept  them 
true  to  these  convictions,  have  a  warm  place  in  the  heart 
of  the  generous  son  from  the  white  cliffs  of  old  England, 
and  they  are  devoted  to  Arthur  Lawson. 

"  As  is  the  case  with  every  other  monument,  the  U. 
D.  C.  were  largely  instrumental  in  its  perfection.  They 
said:  '  When  we  honor  the  Confederate  soldier  we  honor 
ourselves.' 


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